1
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Fernandez ER, Tamura D, Khan SG, Momen S, Fassihi H, Sarkany R, DiGiovanna JJ, Kraemer KH. Retrospective study of efficacy and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in 22 xeroderma pigmentosum patients with metastatic or unresectable cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1282823. [PMID: 37954081 PMCID: PMC10634243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1282823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a rare disease with defects in DNA repair genes, has >1,000-fold increased risk of ultraviolet-induced skin cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used for treating cancers with large numbers of mutations but may also promote adverse events (AEs). Deficient DNA repair in XP patients may lead to increased numbers of mutations, leading to enhanced efficacy of cancer response or, alternatively, to increased AE in response to ICI. We sought to compare the efficacy and AE of ICI in XP patients with metastatic or unresectable cancers to that of ICI-treated patients in the general population. Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of XP patients treated in the United States and in London (UK). We also reviewed published reports of ICI-treated XP patients and patients in the general population. Results Metastatic or unresectable cancers in all 22 (100%) XP patients showed regression or remission in response to ICI. The types and frequencies of AE in XP patients were similar to those reported among ICI-treated patients in the general population. However, two XP patients had concurrent additional cancers that did not respond to ICI, two XP patients had cancer recurrence or progression after initial response, and eight XP patients developed new skin cancers during or after ICI treatment. Conclusion In this retrospective study with small sample size, XP patients demonstrated positive responses to ICI and the treatment was well tolerated but some patients developed new skin cancers while being treated. ICIs can be considered in treating metastatic or unresectable cancers in XP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvelyn R. Fernandez
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deborah Tamura
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sikandar G. Khan
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sophie Momen
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sarkany
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J. DiGiovanna
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth H. Kraemer
- DNA Repair Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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2
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Corradi C, Vilar JB, Buzatto VC, de Souza TA, Castro LP, Munford V, De Vecchi R, Galante PAF, Orpinelli F, Miller TLA, Buzzo JL, Sotto MN, Saldiva P, de Oliveira JW, Chaibub SCW, Sarasin A, Menck CFM. Mutational signatures and increased retrotransposon insertions in xeroderma pigmentosum variant skin tumors. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:511-524. [PMID: 37195263 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) is an autosomal recessive disease with an increased risk of developing cutaneous neoplasms in sunlight-exposed regions. These cells are deficient in the translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase eta, responsible for bypassing different types of DNA lesions. From the exome sequencing of 11 skin tumors of a genetic XP-V patients' cluster, classical mutational signatures related to sunlight exposure, such as C>T transitions targeted to pyrimidine dimers, were identified. However, basal cell carcinomas also showed distinct C>A mutation spectra reflecting a mutational signature possibly related to sunlight-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, four samples carry different mutational signatures, with C>A mutations associated with tobacco chewing or smoking usage. Thus, XP-V patients should be warned of the risk of these habits. Surprisingly, higher levels of retrotransposon somatic insertions were also detected when the tumors were compared with non-XP skin tumors, revealing other possible causes for XP-V tumors and novel functions for the TLS polymerase eta in suppressing retrotransposition. Finally, the expected high mutation burden found in most of these tumors renders these XP patients good candidates for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Corradi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana B Vilar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Buzatto
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Tiago A de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Tau GC Bioinformatics, Cotia, SP 06711-020, Brazil
| | - Ligia P Castro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro A F Galante
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Orpinelli
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Thiago L A Miller
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - José L Buzzo
- Molecular Oncology Center, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, SP 01308-060, Brazil
| | - Mirian N Sotto
- Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Paulo Saldiva
- Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jocelânio W de Oliveira
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Alain Sarasin
- Laboratory of Genetic Instability and Oncogenesis, UMR8200 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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3
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Boziou M, Dionyssiou D, Dionyssopoulos D, Lazaridou E, Lallas A, Apalla Z. Can Cemiplimab Become a Life-Changer in Xeroderma Pigmentosum? Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:e2023160. [PMID: 37557110 PMCID: PMC10412069 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1303a160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Boziou
- Second Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dionyssiou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dionyssopoulos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Lazaridou
- Second Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Dermatology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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4
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Shepherd STC, Drake WM, Turajlic S. The road to systemic therapy in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease: Are we there yet? Eur J Cancer 2023; 182:15-22. [PMID: 36708612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline mutations in VHL gene cause von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome associated with high penetrance of benign and malignant neoplasms, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), central nervous system haemangioblastomas (CNS-HB), retinal angiomas, phaeochromocytomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNET). Management of VHL disease involves lifelong radiological and biochemical surveillance, often leading to repeat surgical intervention causing significant morbidity and mortality. Systemic therapy that prevents or reduces the need for surgical intervention could improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals. Belzutifan is a second-generation small molecule hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor recently approved by US and UK regulators for the treatment of VHL (disease)-associated ccRCC, CNS-HB and pNET. While this is a welcome step forward, it is vital that we consider in what circumstances these drugs are recommended and how they fit into the overall management of VHL disease. In this personal view article, we reflect on the history of the use of systemic therapy in localised VHL disease and consider open questions relating to the use of HIF-2α inhibitors, including the need to involve medical oncologists in the multidisciplinary team moving forward. Indeed, VHL disease is the perfect paradigm for similar settings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T C Shepherd
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, UK; Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - William M Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Midland Road, London, UK; Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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5
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Banicka V, Martens MC, Panzer R, Schrama D, Emmert S, Boeckmann L, Thiem A. Homozygous CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Generated a Novel Functionally Active Exon 1 Skipping XPA Variant in Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911649. [PMID: 36232946 PMCID: PMC9569948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways have been associated with an improved response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). In particular, patients with the nucleotide excision repair (NER) defect disease Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) responded impressively well to ICI treatment. Recently, in melanoma patients, pretherapeutic XP gene expression was predictive for anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) ICI response. The underlying mechanisms of this finding are still to be revealed. Therefore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt XPA in A375 melanoma cells. The resulting subclonal cell lines were investigated by Sanger sequencing. Based on their genetic sequence, candidates from XPA exon 1 and 2 were selected and further analyzed by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, HCR and MTT assays. In XPA exon 1, we established a homozygous (c.19delG; p.A7Lfs*8) and a compound heterozygous (c.19delG/c.19_20insG; p.A7Lfs*8/p.A7Gfs*55) cell line. In XPA exon 2, we generated a compound heterozygous mutated cell line (c.206_208delTTG/c.208_209delGA; p.I69_D70delinsN/p.D70Hfs*31). The better performance of the homozygous than the heterozygous mutated exon 1 cells in DNA damage repair (HCR) and post-UV-C cell survival (MTT), was associated with the expression of a novel XPA protein variant. The results of our study serve as the fundamental basis for the investigation of the immunological consequences of XPA disruption in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Banicka
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie Christine Martens
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Panzer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Thiem
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Scheer V, Schmalz O, Lehmann P, Hofmann SC, Wesselmann U. Three-year disease-free remission in a xeroderma pigmentosum patient after adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy. Eur J Cancer 2022; 173:207-209. [PMID: 35926245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Scheer
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmalz
- Department of Oncology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Percy Lehmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Silke C Hofmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wesselmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Dermatosurgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, University Witten/Herdecke, Germany.
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7
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Hennemann A, Collonge Rame MA, Puzenat E, Ged C, Harbon S, Aubin F, Nardin C. Efficacy of pembrolizumab in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum variant and advanced cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. Acta Oncol 2022; 61:1140-1142. [PMID: 35950634 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2022.2109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Hennemann
- Dermatology Department and Inserm Unit 1098, Franche Comté University and University Hospital, Besancon, France
| | | | - Eve Puzenat
- Dermatology Department and Inserm Unit 1098, Franche Comté University and University Hospital, Besancon, France
| | - Cécile Ged
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - François Aubin
- Dermatology Department and Inserm Unit 1098, Franche Comté University and University Hospital, Besancon, France
| | - Charlée Nardin
- Dermatology Department and Inserm Unit 1098, Franche Comté University and University Hospital, Besancon, France
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8
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Fischer S, Hamed M, Emmert S, Wolkenhauer O, Fuellen G, Thiem A. The Prognostic and Predictive Role of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Gene Expression in Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:810058. [PMID: 35174087 PMCID: PMC8841870 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.810058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of immune-specific markers is a well-established approach for predicting the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Promising candidates as ICI predictive biomarkers are the DNA damage response pathway genes. One of those pathways, which are mainly responsible for the repair of DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, is the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations of eight different genes of the NER pathway, or POLH, here together named the nine XP genes. Anecdotal evidence indicated that XP patients with melanoma or other skin tumors responded impressively well to anti-PD-1 ICIs. Hence, we analyzed the expression of the nine XP genes as prognostic and anti-PD-1 ICI predictive biomarkers in melanoma. Methods We assessed mRNA gene expression in the TCGA-SKCM dataset (n = 445) and two pooled clinical melanoma cohorts of anti-PD-1 ICI (n = 75). In TCGA-SKCM, we applied hierarchical clustering on XP genes to reveal clusters, further utilized as XP cluster scores. In addition, out of 18 predefined genes representative of a T cell inflamed tumor microenvironment, the TIS score was calculated. Besides these scores, the XP genes, immune-specific single genes (CD8A, CXCL9, CD274, and CXCL13) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were cross-correlated. Survival analysis in TCGA-SKCM was conducted for the selected parameters. Lastly, the XP response prediction value was calculated for the two pooled anti-PD-1 cohorts by classification models. Results In TCGA-SKCM, expression of the XP genes was divided into two clusters, inversely correlated with immune-specific markers. A higher ERCC3 expression was associated with improved survival, particularly in younger patients. The constructed models utilizing XP genes, and the XP cluster scores outperformed the immune-specific gene-based models in predicting response to anti-PD-1 ICI in the pooled clinical cohorts. However, the best prediction was achieved by combining the immune-specific gene CD274 with three XP genes from both clusters. Conclusion Our results suggest pre-therapeutic XP gene expression as a potential marker to improve the prediction of anti-PD-1 response in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fischer
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Thiem
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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9
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Rubatto M, Merli M, Avallone G, Agostini A, Mastorino L, Caliendo V, Barcellini A, Vitolo V, Valvo F, Fierro MT, Ribero S, Quaglino P. Immunotherapy in Xeroderma Pigmentosum: a case of advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with cemiplimab and a literature review. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1116-1121. [PMID: 34084285 PMCID: PMC8169062 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder with a poor prognosis due to high photosensitivity in affected patients. Herein, we describe the first case of the use of cemiplimab in a patient with XP, a 19-year-old girl presented with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the right periorbital and nasal region. This treatment has been undertaken after a cycle of proton beam radiotherapy. Besides, it is reported a description of the few cases in the literature describing the effectiveness of immunotherapy on skin cancers in XP-patients. This case is in line with those reported, underlining how anti-PD1 monoclonal antibodies may be a promising treatment in this genodermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Co-first authors
| | - Martina Merli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Co-first authors
| | - Gianluca Avallone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Agostini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Virginia Caliendo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Amelia Barcellini
- National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (Fondazione CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Viviana Vitolo
- National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (Fondazione CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Valvo
- National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (Fondazione CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Co-first senior authors
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Co-first senior authors
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10
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Genetisch bedingte UV‑Empfindlichkeit. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-01115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: What Do We Currently Know in 2020? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239300. [PMID: 33291277 PMCID: PMC7730197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer that predominantly arises in chronically sun-damaged skin. Immunosuppression, genetic disorders such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), exposure to certain drugs and environmental noxae have been identified as major risk factors. Surgical removal of cSCC is the therapy of choice and mostly curative in early stages. However, a minority of patients develop locally advanced tumors or distant metastases that are still challenging to treat. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting CTLA-4, PD-L1 and PD-1 has tremendously changed the field of oncological therapy and especially the treatment of skin cancers as tumors with a high mutational burden. In this review, we focus on the differences between cSCC and cutaneous melanoma (CM) and their implications on therapy, summarize the current evidence on ICB for the treatment of advanced cSCC and discuss the chances and pitfalls of this therapy option for this cancer entity. Furthermore, we focus on special subgroups of interest such as organ transplant recipients, patients with hematologic malignancies, XP and field cancerization.
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12
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Jiang M, Jia K, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, He Y, Zhou C. Alterations of DNA damage repair in cancer: from mechanisms to applications. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1685. [PMID: 33490197 PMCID: PMC7812211 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are essential to ensure the accurate transmission of genetic material. However, different endogenous and exogenous factors challenge genomic integrity. Mechanisms involved in the alterations of DDR pathways mainly include genetic inactivation and epigenetic mechanisms. The development and progression of carcinomas are closely associated with DDR pathway aberrations, including the epigenetic silencing of gene O6-alkylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT); deficiencies of mismatch repair (MMR) genes, including MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), MutS protein homologue (MSH)-2 (MSH2), MSH6, and PMS1 homolog 2; the mismatch repair system component (PMS2); and mutations of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes, such as the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1/2 (BRCA1/2). Understanding the underlying mechanisms and the correlations between alterations to DDR pathways and cancer could improve the efficacy of antitumor therapies. Emerging evidence suggests that survival is higher in patients with DDR-deficient tumors than in those with DDR-proficient tumors. Thus, DDR alterations play a predictive and prognostic role in anticancer therapies. Theoretical studies on the co-administration of DDR inhibitors and other anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, endocrine therapy, and epigenetic drugs, hold promise for cancer treatments. In this review, we focus on the basic mechanisms, characteristics, current applications, and combination strategies of DDR pathways in the anticancer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Martens MC, Boeckmann L, Emmert S. Genetisch bedingte Hauterkrankungen – Xeroderma pigmentosum und das CEDNIK-Syndrom. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1148-3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Rostocker Hautklinik ist Europäisches Referenznetzwerkzentrum für seltene Hauterkrankungen mit den besonderen Schwerpunkten Xeroderma pigmentosum und Ichthyosen. Diese Themen vertreten wir auch in der medizinischen Grundlagenforschung.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) ist eine seltene, autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, die entsprechend der Gendefekte in 7 Komplementationsgruppen – XP-A bis XP-G sowie die sog. XP-Variante (XP-V) – eingeteilt wird. XP ist ein Nukleotid-Exzisions-Reparatur-Defektsyndrom und äußert sich v. a. durch vorzeitige Hautalterung und frühzeitige Entwicklung von Hauttumoren.Das seltene, neurokutane CEDNIK-Syndrom ist eine autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, der eine Loss-of-Function-Mutation in SNAP29 zugrunde liegt. SNAP29 ist ein SNARE-Protein und an intrazellulären Membranfusionen beteiligt. CEDNIK ist ein Akronym für den mit dem Syndrom assoziierten Symptomkomplex aus zerebraler Dysgenese, Neuropathie, Ichthyose und Palmoplantarkeratosen. CEDNIK-Patienten weisen neben der Ichthyose zudem Gedeihstörungen, eine psychomotorische Retardierung und faziale Dysmorphien auf.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Martens
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - L. Boeckmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - S. Emmert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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14
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Corneli P, Conforti C, Retrosi C, Vezzoni R, Meo N, Piccolo V, Farinazzo E, Russo T, Magaton Rizzi G, Giuffrida R, Zalaudek I. Pattern of response of unresectable and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to programmed death‐1 inhibitors: A review of the literature. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13250. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Corneli
- Dermatology Unit Maggiore Hospital Trieste, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Claudio Conforti
- Dermatology Unit Maggiore Hospital Trieste, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Chiara Retrosi
- Dermatology Unit Maggiore Hospital Trieste, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Roberta Vezzoni
- Dermatology Unit Maggiore Hospital Trieste, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Nicola Meo
- Dermatology Unit Maggiore Hospital Trieste, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Farinazzo
- Dermatology Unit Maggiore Hospital Trieste, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Teresa Russo
- Dermatology Unit Second University of Naples Naples Italy
| | | | - Roberta Giuffrida
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Dermatology Unit Maggiore Hospital Trieste, University of Trieste Trieste Italy
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15
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Gojo J, Pavelka Z, Zapletalova D, Schmook MT, Mayr L, Madlener S, Kyr M, Vejmelkova K, Smrcka M, Czech T, Dorfer C, Skotakova J, Azizi AA, Chocholous M, Reisinger D, Lastovicka D, Valik D, Haberler C, Peyrl A, Noskova H, Pál K, Jezova M, Veselska R, Kozakova S, Slaby O, Slavc I, Sterba J. Personalized Treatment of H3K27M-Mutant Pediatric Diffuse Gliomas Provides Improved Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1436. [PMID: 31998633 PMCID: PMC6965319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas with K27M histone mutations (H3K27M glioma) are generally characterized by a fatal prognosis, particularly affecting the pediatric population. Based on the molecular heterogeneity observed in this tumor type, personalized treatment is considered to substantially improve therapeutic options. Therefore, clinical evidence for therapy, guided by comprehensive molecular profiling, is urgently required. In this study, we analyzed feasibility and clinical outcomes in a cohort of 12 H3K27M glioma cases treated at two centers. Patients were subjected to personalized treatment either at primary diagnosis or disease progression and received backbone therapy including focal irradiation. Molecular analyses included whole-exome sequencing of tumor and germline DNA, RNA-sequencing, and transcriptomic profiling. Patients were monitored with regular clinical as well as radiological follow-up. In one case, liquid biopsy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was used. Analyses could be completed in 83% (10/12) and subsequent personalized treatment for one or more additional pharmacological therapies could be recommended in 90% (9/10). Personalized treatment included inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (3/9), MAPK signaling (2/9), immunotherapy (2/9), receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition (2/9), and retinoic receptor agonist (1/9). The overall response rate within the cohort was 78% (7/9) including one complete remission, three partial responses, and three stable diseases. Sustained responses lasting for 28 to 150 weeks were observed for cases with PIK3CA mutations treated with either miltefosine or everolimus and additional treatment with trametinib/dabrafenib in a case with BRAFV600E mutation. Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of a case with increased tumor mutational burden (TMB) resulted in complete remission lasting 40 weeks. Median time to progression was 29 weeks. Median overall survival (OS) in the personalized treatment cohort was 16.5 months. Last, we compared OS to a control cohort (n = 9) showing a median OS of 17.5 months. No significant difference between the cohorts could be detected, but long-term survivors (>2 years) were only present in the personalized treatment cohort. Taken together, we present the first evidence of clinical efficacy and an improved patient outcome through a personalized approach at least in selected cases of H3K27M glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdenek Pavelka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Danica Zapletalova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Maria T Schmook
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Klara Vejmelkova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Smrcka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Thomas Czech
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dorfer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jarmila Skotakova
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Vienna, Czechia
| | - Amedeo A Azizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Chocholous
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Reisinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Lastovicka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dalibor Valik
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Andreas Peyrl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Noskova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karol Pál
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sarka Kozakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
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16
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Martens MC, Emmert S, Boeckmann L. Sunlight, Vitamin D, and Xeroderma Pigmentosum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1268:319-331. [PMID: 32918226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight, in particular UV-B radiation, is an important factor for endogenous vitamin D production as 80-90% of the required vitamin D needs to be photosynthesized in the skin. The active form of vitamin D, vitamin D3 or calcitriol, binds to the ligand-activated transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR) for genomic and non-genomic effects. Recently, calcitriol and analogs have been shown to have antiproliferative effects in mouse and human BCC and SCC cell lines in vitro. As UV radiation plays a critical role in the photosynthesis of vitamin D, stringent sun protection, as recommended for xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients, may impact their vitamin D levels.XP is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 1 in 1,000,000. XP can be divided into seven different complementation groups: XP-A to XP-G. The complementation groups correspond with the underlying gene defect. Defects in these genes lead to a defective nucleotide excision repair (NER), which is necessary to remove UV-induced DNA damage such as the UV photoproducts cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4 PP) dimer. Additionally, a variant form with a mutation in the translational polymerase η gene (PolH), also called XP variant (XPV), exists. Patients with XPV show a defect in translesion synthesis. Due to their inability to repair UV-induced lesions, XP patients exhibit an increased risk for UV-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as well as melanoma. Although no curative therapy for XP exists today, numerous options for the treatment and prophylaxis of skin cancer have become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Christine Martens
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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17
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Momen S, Fassihi H, Davies HR, Nikolaou C, Degasperi A, Stefanato CM, Dias JML, Dasgupta D, Craythorne E, Sarkany R, Papa S, Nik-Zainal S. Dramatic response of metastatic cutaneous angiosarcoma to an immune checkpoint inhibitor in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum: whole-genome sequencing aids treatment decision in end-stage disease. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:a004408. [PMID: 31645345 PMCID: PMC6824248 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
"Mutational signatures" are patterns of mutations that report DNA damage and subsequent repair processes that have occurred. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can provide additional information to standard diagnostic techniques and can identify therapeutic targets. A 32-yr-old male with xeroderma pigmentosum developed metastatic angiosarcoma that was unresponsive to three lines of conventional sarcoma therapies. WGS was performed on his primary cancer revealing a hypermutated tumor, including clonal ultraviolet radiation-induced mutational patterns (Signature 7) and subclonal signatures of mutated DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) (Signature 10). These signatures are associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade. Immunohistochemistry confirmed high PD-L1 expression in metastatic deposits. The anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab was commenced off-label given the POLE mutation and high mutational load. After four cycles, there was a significant reduction in his disease with almost complete resolution of the metastatic deposits. This case highlights the importance of WGS in the analysis, interpretation, and treatment of cancers. We anticipate that as WGS becomes integral to the cancer diagnostic pathway, treatments will be stratified to the individual based on their unique genomic and/or transcriptomic profile, enhancing classical approaches of histologically driven treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Momen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, Department of Photodermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Hiva Fassihi
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, Department of Photodermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Davies
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Nikolaou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Degasperi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Stefanato
- Department of Dermatopathology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Joao M L Dias
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dhruba Dasgupta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Craythorne
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, Department of Photodermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sarkany
- National Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, Department of Photodermatology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Papa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King's College London, Guy's Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, The Clinical School, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
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18
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Steineck A, Krumm N, Sarthy JF, Pritchard CC, Chapman T, Stacey AW, Vitanza NA, Cole B. Response to Pembrolizumab in a Patient With Xeroderma Pigmentosum and Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2019; 3:PO.19.00028. [PMID: 32923855 PMCID: PMC7446378 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jay F. Sarthy
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas A. Vitanza
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Bonnie Cole
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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19
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Ameri AH, Mooradian MJ, Emerick KS, Park JC, Wirth LJ, Asgari MM, Tsao H, Lawrence D, Sullivan RJ, Demehri S. Immunotherapeutic strategies for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma prevention in xeroderma pigmentosum. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1095-1097. [PMID: 31102460 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A H Ameri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - M J Mooradian
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - K S Emerick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - J C Park
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - L J Wirth
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - M M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - H Tsao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - D Lawrence
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - R J Sullivan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
| | - S Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, U.S.A
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20
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Weon J, Glass D. Novel therapeutic approaches to xeroderma pigmentosum. Br J Dermatol 2018; 181:249-255. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Weon
- Department of Dermatology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390U.S.A
| | - D.A. Glass
- Department of Dermatology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390U.S.A
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 U.S.A
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21
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Abstract
A complex DNA repair machinery has evolved to protect genomic integrity in the face of a myriad of DNA damage sources. When DNA repair fails, this damage can lead to carcinogenesis and tumor genomic instability. Indeed, many heritable cancer predisposition syndromes are attributable to germline defects in DNA repair pathways. On the other hand, these defects may also portend particular vulnerabilities of the cancer and may be exploited therapeutically. Most recently this has been demonstrated in the case of mismatch repair-deficient cancers, in which the immune checkpoint inhibitors have been demonstrated to be highly active. This observation has paved the way for further research investigating other sources of genomic instability that may serve as biomarkers to select patients for immunotherapy.
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22
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Kraemer KH, Tamura D, Khan SG. Pembrolizumab treatment of a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum with disseminated melanoma and multiple nonmelanoma skin cancers. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1009. [PMID: 29785825 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K H Kraemer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - D Tamura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - S G Khan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
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