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Cheng H, Dong Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Zhe X, Li D, Li H, Shao R, Tuo J, Pan Z. Analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E4, E5 and L2 gene variations among women with cervical infection in Xinjiang, China. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:179. [PMID: 38965538 PMCID: PMC11225290 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high incidence of cervical cancer in Xinjiang. Genetic variation in human papillomavirus may increase its ability to invade, spread, and escape host immune response. METHODS HPV16 genome was sequenced for 90 positive samples of HPV16 infection. Sequences of the E4, E5 and L2 genes were analysed to reveal sequence variation of HPV16 in Xinjiang and the distribution of variation among the positive samples of HPV16 infection. RESULTS Eighty-one of the 90 samples of HPV16 infection showed variation in HPV16 E4 gene with 18 nucleotide variation sites, of which 8 sites were synonymous variations and 11 missense variations. 90 samples of HPV16 infection showed variation in HPV16 E5 and L2 genes with 16 nucleotide variation sites (6 synonymous, 11 missense variations) in the E5 gene and 100 nucleotide variation sites in L2 gene (37 synonymous, 67 missense variations). The frequency of HPV16 L2 gene missense variations G3377A, G3599A, G3703A, and G3757A was higher in the case groups than in the control groups. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that 87 samples were European strains, 3 cases were Asian strains, there were no other variations, and G4181A was related to Asian strains. HPV16 L2 gene missense variations G3377A, G3599A, G3703A, and G3757A were significantly more frequent in the case groups than in the control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozheng Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yangliu Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangyi Zhe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Renfu Shao
- Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, 4556, Australia
| | - Jing Tuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Zemin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Disease and Education Ministry Key Laboratory, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
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Achdiat PA, Widjaya MRH, Rowawi R, Usman HA, Maharani RH. The Importance of p16 and p53 Immunohistochemical Staining in Diagnosing Vulvar Lichen Simplex Chronicus Mimicking Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia with False-Positive Human Papillomavirus Type 66. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:9-16. [PMID: 38196407 PMCID: PMC10775796 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s439825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), the precursor lesion of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), may present as pruritic or asymptomatic lichenified plaques surrounded by single or multiple discrete or confluent macules or papules. VIN is divided into high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), which is human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven, and differentiated VIN (DVIN), which develops independently of HPV. Histopathological examination and HPV genotyping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests should be performed to distinguish between HSIL and DVIN. Lichenified plaques surrounded by multiple papules are found not only in VIN but also in vulvar lichen simplex chronicus (LSC). This chronic inflammatory skin disease mostly appears in labia majora and is triggered by sweating, rubbing, and mental stress. IHC staining of p16 and p53 are recommended as the most commonly used biomarkers for VIN in diagnostically challenging cases. IHC staining is also beneficial to confirm the accuracy of the HPV detection technique, as p16-negative staining may also represent a false-positive result. We report a case of the importance of p16 and p53 IHC staining in diagnosing vulvar LSC mimicking VIN with false-positive HPV-66. The patient was previously diagnosed with VIN based on clinical examination. HPV-66 was detected by PCR from a vulvar biopsy sample. Histopathological examination revealed stromal lymphocytic infiltration with non-specific chronic dermatitis; neither atypia nor koilocyte was observed. Both p16 and p53 IHC staining were negative. The patient was diagnosed and treated as vulvar LSC with 10 mg cetirizine tablet, emollient, and 0.1% mometasone furoate cream. Clinical improvement was observed as the lesions became asymptomatic hyperpigmented macules in the 4 weeks of follow-up, without recurrence after 3 years of follow-up. Both p16 and p53 IHC staining might help distinguish HSIL and DVIN mutually and from other vulvar mimics in diagnostically challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pati Aji Achdiat
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Radyn Haryadi Widjaya
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rasmia Rowawi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hermin Aminah Usman
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Retno Hesty Maharani
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Rao X, Zheng L, Wei K, Li M, Jiang M, Qiu J, Zhou Y, Ke R, Lin C. Novel In Situ Hybridization Assay for Chromogenic Single-Molecule Detection of Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0389622. [PMID: 36809088 PMCID: PMC10101027 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03896-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA plays a vital role in the physiological and pathological processes of cells and tissues. However, RNA in situ hybridization applications in clinical diagnostics are still limited to a few examples. In this study, we developed a novel in situ hybridization assay for human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA by taking advantage of specific padlock probing and rolling circle amplification, combined with chromogenic readout. We designed padlock probes for 14 types of high-risk HPV and demonstrated that E6/E7 mRNA could be visualized in situ as discrete dot-like signals using bright-field microscopy. Overall, the results are consistent with the clinical diagnostics lab's hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and p16 immunohistochemistry test results. Our work thus shows the potential applications of RNA in situ hybridization for clinical diagnostics using chromogenic single-molecule detection, offering an alternative technical option to the current commercially available kit based on branched DNA technology. IMPORTANCE In situ detection of viral mRNA expression in tissue samples is of great value for pathological diagnosis to access viral infection status. Unfortunately, conventional RNA in situ hybridization assays lack sensitivity and specificity for clinical diagnostic purposes. Currently, the commercially available branched DNA technology-based single-molecule RNA in situ detection method offers satisfactory results. Here, we present our padlock probe- and rolling circle amplification-based RNA in situ hybridization assay for detecting HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, providing an alternative yet robust method for viral RNA in situ visualization that is also applicable to different types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Rao
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liangkai Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaipeng Wei
- Department of Pathology, The 910th Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Meiqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jianlong Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The 910th Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rongqin Ke
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Dias Gonçalves Lima F, van der Zee RP, Dick S, van Noesel CJM, Berkhof J, Schim van der Loeff MF, Prins JM, Steenbergen RDM, de Vries HJC. DNA Methylation Analysis to predict Regression of high-grade anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV+ men (MARINE): a cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060301. [PMID: 35922105 PMCID: PMC9352988 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anal cancer precursors, or high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN), are highly prevalent in HIV-seropositive (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM). Around 30% of lesions regress within 1 year, but current histopathological assessment is unable to distinguish between HGAIN likely to regress and HGAIN likely to persist or progress to cancer. We aim to assess if host cell DNA methylation markers can predict regression of HGAIN, thus determining the need for immediate treatment or active surveillance. This could reduce overtreatment and the associated anal and psycho-sexual morbidity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an active surveillance cohort study in three centres located in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in 200 HIV+ MSM diagnosed with HGAIN. Participants will not be treated, but closely monitored during 24 months of follow-up with 6 monthly visits including cytology, and high-resolution anoscopy with biopsies. The primary study endpoint is histopathological regression of each baseline HGAIN lesion at the end of the study. Regression is defined as ≤low grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in the exit biopsy at 24 months. Regression proportions in lesions with low versus high methylation levels (ASCL1, ZNF582), other biomarkers (HPV genotype, HPV-E4, p16INK4A, Ki-67) and immunological markers at baseline will be compared. Main secondary endpoints are the histological and clinical outcome (ie, the number of octants affected by HGAIN) of each baseline HGAIN lesion and overall HGAIN disease (i.e., all lesions combined) after each visit. The health-related quality of life of the study group will be compared with that of a control group of 50 HIV+ MSM receiving regular HGAIN treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Academic Medical Center (Amsterdam, The Netherlands; reference no. 2021_099). Participants are required to provide written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presentations at international scientific conferences; dissemination to policy makers and the target patient group will be achieved through our (inter-)national network, professional associations and collaboration with a patient representative organisation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL9664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Dias Gonçalves Lima
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon P van der Zee
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stèfanie Dick
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Research, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Cluster Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Prins
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J C de Vries
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Research, Public Health Service Amsterdam, Cluster Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Zee RP, Meijer CJLM, Cuming T, Kreuter A, van de Sandt MM, Quint WGV, de Vries HJC, Prins JM, Steenbergen RDM. Characterisation of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer in HIV-positive men by immunohistochemical markers p16, Ki-67, HPV-E4 and DNA methylation markers. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1833-1844. [PMID: 34310698 PMCID: PMC9292283 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN, graded 1-3) is highly prevalent in HIV-positive (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM), but only a minority of lesions progresses to cancer. Our study aimed to characterise comprehensively anal tissue samples from a cross-sectional series (n = 104) of HIV+ MSM and longitudinal series (n = 40) of AIN2/3 progressing to cancer using different biomarkers. The cross-sectional series consisted of 8 normal, 26 AIN1, 45 AIN2, 15 AIN3 and 10 anal squamous cell carcinoma. Tissue sections were immunohistochemically (IHC) stained for p16 (viral transformation marker), Ki-67 (cellular proliferation marker) and HPV-E4 (viral production marker). We evaluated the expression of IHC markers and compared it with DNA methylation, a marker for malignant transformation. E4 positivity decreased, whereas p16 and Ki-67 scores and methylation marker positivity increased (P values < .001) with increasing severity of anal lesions. Within AIN2, a heterogeneous biomarker pattern was observed concerning E4, p16 and methylation status, reflecting the biological heterogeneity of these lesions. In the longitudinal series, all AIN2/3 and carcinomas showed high p16 and Ki-67 expression, strong methylation positivity and occasional E4 positivity. We earlier showed that high methylation levels are associated with progression to cancer. The observed E4 expression in some AIN2/3 during the course of progression to cancer and absence of E4 in a considerable number of AIN1 lesions make the potential clinical significance of E4 expression difficult to interpret. Our data show that IHC biomarkers can help to characterise AIN; however, their prognostic value for cancer risk stratification, next to objective methylation analysis, appears to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon P van der Zee
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamzin Cuming
- Anal Neoplasia Service, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Helios St. Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University Witten/Herdecke, Oberhausen, Germany
| | | | - Wim G V Quint
- DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J C de Vries
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, STI Outpatient Clinic, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lazăr CS, Şovrea AS, Georgiu C, Crişan D, Mirescu ŞC, Cosgarea M. Different patterns of p16INK4a immunohistochemical expression and their biological implications in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:697-706. [PMID: 33817711 PMCID: PMC8112783 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used to facilitate the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated neoplasia, when ≥70% of cells show strong nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity. In this study, we aim to compare partial expression patterns that do not fulfill the above criteria and seek biological implications in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Materials and Methods: p16INK4a IHC staining was conducted on representative sections of archived tissue from 88 LSCCs. Immunoreactivity was described based on four parameters: intracellular localization of immunostaining, intensity of immunostaining, distribution pattern and percentage of positive cells. Results: Six patterns of p16INK4a immunoexpression were observed and defined as: strong diffuse (strong immunostaining, expression in cytoplasm and nucleus in >70% of tumor cells), weak diffuse (moderate or weak immunostaining, expression in cytoplasm in >70% of tumor cells), marginal (strong cytoplasmic immunostaining, limited to the periphery of tumor islets), strong scattered (strong immunostaining, expression in cytoplasm and nucleus in <50% of tumor cells), weak scattered (moderate or weak immunostaining, expression in cytoplasm in <50% of tumor cells), negative (no expression). The pN stage of the patients was associated with p16INK4a immunoexpression patterns, the marginal pattern was only found in the pN0-Nx stages, while the weak diffuse pattern was more frequently observed in pN2-N3 stages. Conclusions: Partial immunostaining with architecturally distinct p16INK4a immunoexpression patterns may prove significant in stratifying characteristic clinicopathological subgroups among LSCC. Our observations may support the hypothesis that p16INK4a has different roles in different subcellular locations, with tumorigenic molecular pathways unrelated to HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Sidonia Lazăr
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Molina MA, Carosi Diatricch L, Castany Quintana M, Melchers WJ, Andralojc KM. Cervical cancer risk profiling: molecular biomarkers predicting the outcome of hrHPV infection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1099-1120. [PMID: 33044104 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1835472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer affects half a million women worldwide annually. Given the association between high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and carcinogenesis, hrHPV DNA testing became an essential diagnostic tool. However, hrHPV alone does not cause the disease, and, most importantly, many cervical lesions regress to normal in a year because of the host immune system. Hence, the low specificity of hrHPV DNA tests and their inability to predict the outcome of infections have triggered a further search for biomarkers. AREAS COVERED We evaluated the latest viral and cellular biomarkers validated for clinical use as primary screening or triage for cervical cancer and assessed their promise for prevention as well as potential use in the future. The literature search focused on effective biomarkers for different stages of the disease, aiming to determine their significance in predicting the outcome of hrHPV infections. EXPERT OPINION Biomarkers such as p16/Ki-67, hrHPV genotyping, hrHPV transcriptional status, and methylation patterns have demonstrated promising results. Their eventual implementation in the screening programs may support the prompt diagnosis of hrHPV infection and its progression to cancer. These biomarkers will help in making clinical management decisions on time, thus, saving the lives of hrHPV-infected women, particularly in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano A Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marina Castany Quintana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Jg Melchers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina M Andralojc
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center , Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences , Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Del Pino M, Martí C, Gaber J, Svanholm-Barrie C, Rodríguez-Carunchio L, Rodriguez-Trujillo A, Carreras N, Fuertes I, Barnadas E, Marimón L, Blanco JL, Persing DH, Torné A, Ordi J. mRNA Detection in Anal Cytology: A Feasible Approach for Anal Cancer Screening in Men Who Have Sex with Men Living With HIV. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9040173. [PMID: 31684110 PMCID: PMC6963475 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9040173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in anal cancer screening strategies. However, cytological/molecular evaluation of anal samples is challenging. We aimed to determine the feasibility of detecting, in anal liquid-based cytologies, the expression of biomarkers involved in the cell cycle disturbance elicited by human papillomavirus (HPV). The accuracy of this approach in the identification of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions/anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade2-3 (HSIL/AIN2-3) was also evaluated. 215 anal cytologies from men having sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus were evaluated. Patients showing concordant cytological and anoscopy-directed biopsy diagnosis were selected: 70 with negative cytology and HPV test, 70 with low-grade SIL (LSIL/AIN1) cytology and biopsy, and 75 with cytology and biopsy of HSIL/AIN2-3. CDKN2A/p16, MKI67 and TOP2A mRNA expression was analyzed. HPV detection was performed with Xpert HPV Assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). HSIL/AIN2-3 showed higher expression for the biomarkers than LSIL/AIN1 or negative samples. The specificity for HSIL/AIN2-3 detection for a sensitivity established at 70% was 44.7% (95%confidence interval [CI] 36.5-53.2) for TOP2A and MKI67 and 54.5% (95%CI 46.0-62.8%) for CDKN2A/p16. mRNA detection of cell biomarkers in anal liquid-based cytology is feasible. Further studies are warranted to confirm if strategies based on mRNA detection have any role in anal cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Del Pino
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Martí
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Adriano Rodriguez-Trujillo
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Carreras
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Irene Fuertes
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esther Barnadas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lorena Marimón
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Blanco
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Aureli Torné
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics, and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaume Ordi
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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