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Pace NP, Mintoff D, Borg I. The Genomic Architecture of Hidradenitis Suppurativa-A Systematic Review. Front Genet 2022; 13:861241. [PMID: 35401657 PMCID: PMC8986338 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.861241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, suppurative condition of the pilosebaceous unit manifesting as painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts mostly in, but not limited to, intertriginous skin. Great strides have been made at elucidating the pathophysiology of hidradenitis suppurativa, which appears to be the product of hyperkeratinization and inflammation brought about by environmental factors and a genetic predisposition. The identification of familial hidradenitis suppurativa has sparked research aimed at identifying underlying pathogenic variants in patients who harbor them. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the role of genetics in various aspects of hidradenitis suppurativa, specifically the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Paul Pace
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Dillon Mintoff
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Isabella Borg
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
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Hermasch MA, Janning H, Perera RP, Schnabel V, Rostam N, Ramos-Gomes F, Muschalek W, Bennemann A, Alves F, Ralser DJ, Betz RC, Schön MP, Dosch R, Frank J. Evolutionary distinct roles of γ-secretase subunit nicastrin in zebrafish and humans. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 105:80-87. [PMID: 35016821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the genes that encode the human γ-secretase subunits Presenilin-1, Presenilin Enhancer Protein 2, and Nicastrin (NCSTN) are associated with familial hidradenitis suppurativa (HS); and, regarding Presenilin Enhancer Protein 2, also with comorbidity for the hereditary pigmentation disorder Dowling-Degos disease. OBJECTIVE Here, the consequences of targeted inactivation of ncstn, the zebrafish homologue of human NCSTN, were studied. METHODS After morpholino (MO)-mediated ncstn-knockdown, the possibilities of phenotype rescue through co-injection of ncstn-MO with wildtype zebrafish ncstn or human NCSTN mRNA were investigated. Further, the effects of the co-injection of a human missense, nonsense, splice-site, and frameshift mutation were studied. RESULTS MO-mediated ncstn-knockdown resulted in a significant reduction in melanophore morphology, size and number; and alterations in their patterns of migration and distribution. This phenotype was rescued by co-injection of zebrafish ncstn RNA, human NCSTN RNA, or a construct encoding the human NCSTN missense mutation p.P211R. CONCLUSION Human NCSTN mutations encoding null alleles confer loss-of-function regarding pigmentation homeostasis in zebrafisch. In contrast, the human missense mutation p.P211R was less harmful, asserting sufficient residual ncstn activity to maintain pigmentation in zebrafish. Since fish lack the anatomical structures affected by HS, our data suggest that the zebrafish ncstn gene and the human NCSTN gene have probably acquired different functions during evolution. In fish, one major role of ncstn is the maintenance of pigmentation homeostasis. In contrast, one of the roles of NCSTN in humans is the prevention of inflammatory processes in the adnexal structures of the skin, as seen in familial HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Andreas Hermasch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helena Janning
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Viktor Schnabel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadia Rostam
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fernanda Ramos-Gomes
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Translational Molecular Imaging, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Muschalek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anette Bennemann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Translational Molecular Imaging, Göttingen, Germany; Clinic of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Regina Christine Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peter Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Dosch
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jorge Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Garcovich S, Tricarico PM, Meddour CN, Giovanardi G, Peris K, Crovella S, Boniotto M. Comorbid acne inversa and Dowling-Degos disease due to a single NCSTN mutation: is there enough evidence? Reply from the authors. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:375-376. [PMID: 32895925 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Garcovich
- Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - P M Tricarico
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
| | - C N Meddour
- University of Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- Institut Mondor for Biomedical Research/INSERM U955 Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - G Giovanardi
- Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - K Peris
- Dermatology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - S Crovella
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Boniotto
- University of Paris Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
- Institut Mondor for Biomedical Research/INSERM U955 Team 16, Créteil, France
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