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Rey-Barroso J, Munaretto A, Rouquié N, Mougel A, Chassan M, Gadat S, Dewingle O, Poincloux R, Cadot S, Ysebaert L, Quillet-Mary A, Dupré L. Lymphocyte migration and retention properties affected by ibrutinib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:809-823. [PMID: 37381758 PMCID: PMC10905104 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib is widely used for treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory or treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A prominent effect of ibrutinib is to disrupt the retention of CLL cells from supportive lymphoid tissues, by altering BTK-dependent adhesion and migration. To further explore the mechanism of action of ibrutinib and its potential impact on non-leukemic cells, we quantified multiple motility and adhesion parameters of human primary CLL cells and non-leukemic lymphoid cells. In vitro, ibrutinib affected CCL19-, CXCL12- and CXCL13-evoked migration behavior of CLL cells and non-neoplastic lymphocytes, by reducing both motility speed and directionality. De-phosphorylation of BTK induced by ibrutinib in CLL cells was associated with defective polarization over fibronectin and inability to assemble the immunological synapse upon B-cell receptor engagement. In patients' samples collected during a 6-month monitoring of therapy, chemokine-evoked migration was repressed in CLL cells and marginally reduced in T cells. This was accompanied by profound modulation of the expression of chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules. Remarkably, the relative expression of the receptors governing lymph node entry (CCR7) versus exit (S1PR1) stood out as a reliable predictive marker of the clinically relevant treatment-induced lymphocytosis. Together, our data reveal a multifaceted modulation of motility and adhesive properties of ibrutinib on both CLL leukemic cell and T-cell populations and point to intrinsic differences in CLL recirculation properties as an underlying cause for variability in treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rey-Barroso
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Alice Munaretto
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Nelly Rouquié
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Aurélie Mougel
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Malika Chassan
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5219, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier
| | - Sébastien Gadat
- Toulouse School of Economics, CNRS UMR 5314, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole; Institut Universitaire de France
| | - Océane Dewingle
- Toulouse Cancer Research Center (CRCT), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse
| | - Sarah Cadot
- Toulouse Cancer Research Center (CRCT), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- Toulouse Cancer Research Center (CRCT), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Clinical Hematology, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse
| | - Anne Quillet-Mary
- Toulouse Cancer Research Center (CRCT), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (INFINITy), INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse III Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna.
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Chatzidavid S, Kontandreopoulou CN, Giannakopoulou N, Diamantopoulos PT, Stafylidis C, Kyrtsonis MC, Dimou M, Panayiotidis P, Viniou NA. The Role of Methylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Prognostic and Therapeutic Impacts in the Disease: A Systematic Review. Adv Hematol 2024; 2024:1370364. [PMID: 38435839 PMCID: PMC10907108 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1370364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation has been thoroughly investigated in recent years and has emerged as an important aspect of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) biology. Characteristic aberrant features such as methylation patterns and global DNA hypomethylation were the early findings of the research during the last decades. The investigation in this field led to the identification of a large number of genes where methylation features correlated with important clinical and laboratory parameters. Gene-specific analyses investigated methylation in the gene body enhancer regions as well as promoter regions. The findings included genes and proteins involved in key pathways that play central roles in the pathophysiology of the disease. Τhe application of these findings beyond the theoretical understanding can not only lead to the creation of prognostic and predictive models and scores but also to the design of novel therapeutic agents. The following is a review focusing on the present knowledge about single gene/gene promoter methylation or mRNA expression in CLL cases as well as records of older data that have been published in past papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevastianos Chatzidavid
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Center, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Nefeli Kontandreopoulou
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Stafylidis
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis
- Hematology Section of the First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimou
- Hematology Section of the First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Panayiotidis
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora-Athina Viniou
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hematology Department, Iatriko Kentro Palaiou Falirou, Athens, Greece
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3
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Li GW, Jin YP, Qiu JP, Lu XF. ITGB2 fosters the cancerous characteristics of ovarian cancer cells through its role in mitochondrial glycolysis transformation. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3007-3020. [PMID: 38345576 PMCID: PMC10911379 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Related studies have shown that ITGB2 mediates mitochondrial glycolytic transformation in cancer-associated fibroblasts and participates in tumor occurrence, metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Based on these studies, we tried to construct a mitochondrial glycolysis regulatory network and explored its effect on mitochondrial homeostasis and ovarian cancer cells' cancerous characteristics. Our research revealed a distinct increase in the expression of ITGB2 and associated signaling pathway elements (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) in cases of ovarian cancer. ITGB2 might control mTOR expression via the PI3K-AKT pathway, thus promote mitochondrial glycolysis transformation and cell energy supply in ovarian cancer. This pathway could also inhibit mitophagy, maintain mitochondrial stability, and enhance the cancerous characteristics in case of ovarian cancer cells by mediating mitochondrial glycolytic transformation. Thus, we concluded that ITGB2-associated signaling route (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) may contribute to the progression of cancerous traits in ovarian cancer via mediating mitochondrial glycolytic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yan-Ping Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongda Hospital Jiangbei Branch, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Jian-Ping Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital North, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital North, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
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Carbo-Meix A, Guijarro F, Wang L, Grau M, Royo R, Frigola G, Playa-Albinyana H, Buhler MM, Clot G, Duran-Ferrer M, Lu J, Granada I, Baptista MJ, Navarro JT, Espinet B, Puiggros A, Tapia G, Bandiera L, De Canal G, Bonoldi E, Climent F, Ribera-Cortada I, Fernandez-Caballero M, De la Banda E, Do Nascimento J, Pineda A, Vela D, Rozman M, Aymerich M, Syrykh C, Brousset P, Perera M, Yanez L, Ortin JX, Tuset E, Zenz T, Cook JR, Swerdlow SH, Martin-Subero JI, Colomer D, Matutes E, Bea S, Costa D, Nadeu F, Campo E. BCL3 rearrangements in B-cell lymphoid neoplasms occur in two breakpoint clusters associated with different diseases. Haematologica 2024; 109:493-508. [PMID: 37560801 PMCID: PMC10828791 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The t(14;19)(q32;q13) often juxtaposes BCL3 with immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) resulting in overexpression of the gene. In contrast to other oncogenic translocations, BCL3 rearrangement (BCL3-R) has been associated with a broad spectrum of lymphoid neoplasms. Here we report an integrative whole-genome sequence, transcriptomic, and DNA methylation analysis of 13 lymphoid neoplasms with BCL3-R. The resolution of the breakpoints at single base-pair revealed that they occur in two clusters at 5' (n=9) and 3' (n=4) regions of BCL3 associated with two different biological and clinical entities. Both breakpoints were mediated by aberrant class switch recombination of the IGH locus. However, the 5' breakpoints (upstream) juxtaposed BCL3 next to an IGH enhancer leading to overexpression of the gene whereas the 3' breakpoints (downstream) positioned BCL3 outside the influence of the IGH and were not associated with its expression. Upstream BCL3-R tumors had unmutated IGHV, trisomy 12, and mutated genes frequently seen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) but had an atypical CLL morphology, immunophenotype, DNA methylome, and expression profile that differ from conventional CLL. In contrast, downstream BCL3-R neoplasms were atypical splenic or nodal marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) with mutated IGHV, complex karyotypes and mutated genes typical of MZL. Two of the latter four tumors transformed to a large B-cell lymphoma. We designed a novel fluorescence in situ hybridization assay that recognizes the two different breakpoints and validated these findings in 17 independent tumors. Overall, upstream or downstream breakpoints of BCL3-R are mainly associated with two subtypes of lymphoid neoplasms with different (epi)genomic, expression, and clinicopathological features resembling atypical CLL and MZL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carbo-Meix
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Francesca Guijarro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Luojun Wang
- Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Marta Grau
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Romina Royo
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona
| | - Gerard Frigola
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Heribert Playa-Albinyana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid
| | - Marco M Buhler
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich
| | - Guillem Clot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona
| | - Marti Duran-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid
| | - Junyan Lu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg
| | - Isabel Granada
- Department of Hematology-Laboratory, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona
| | - Maria-Joao Baptista
- Department of Hematology-Laboratory, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona
| | - Jose-Tomas Navarro
- Department of Hematology-Laboratory, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona
| | - Blanca Espinet
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain and Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group (GRETNHE) - Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona
| | - Anna Puiggros
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain and Translational Research on Hematological Neoplasms Group (GRETNHE) - Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona
| | - Gustavo Tapia
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona
| | - Laura Bandiera
- Anatomia Istologia Patologica e Citogenetica, Dipartimento Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Niguarda Cancer Center, Milano
| | - Gabriella De Canal
- Anatomia Istologia Patologica e Citogenetica, Dipartimento Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Niguarda Cancer Center, Milano
| | - Emanuela Bonoldi
- Anatomia Istologia Patologica e Citogenetica, Dipartimento Ematologia, Oncologia e Medicina Molecolare, Niguarda Cancer Center, Milano
| | - Fina Climent
- Department o f Pathology, H ospital Universitari d e Bellvitge, I nstitut d'Investigació B iomèdica d e Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet De Llobregat
| | | | - Mariana Fernandez-Caballero
- Department of Hematology-Laboratory, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona
| | - Esmeralda De la Banda
- Laboratory of Hematology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet De Llobregat
| | | | | | - Dolors Vela
- Hematologia Clínica, Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers
| | - Maria Rozman
- Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Charlotte Syrykh
- Department of Pathology, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Cancer Institute University of Toulouse-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse CEDEX 9
| | - Pierre Brousset
- Department of Pathology, Toulouse University Hospital Center, Cancer Institute University of Toulouse-Oncopole, 1 avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31059, Toulouse CEDEX 9, France; INSERM UMR1037 Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), ERL 5294 National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), University of Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Institut Carnot Lymphome CALYM, Laboratoire d'Excellence 'TOUCAN', Toulouse
| | - Miguel Perera
- Hematology Department, Hospital Dr Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
| | - Lucrecia Yanez
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander
| | | | - Esperanza Tuset
- Hematology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI), Girona
| | - Thorsten Zenz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Zurich
| | - James R Cook
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Steven H Swerdlow
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jose I Martin-Subero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Estella Matutes
- Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Silvia Bea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Dolors Costa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid
| | - Ferran Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid
| | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Hematopathology Section, laboratory of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona.
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Zhao J, Wei C, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhao D, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Bai J, Zhang W, Zhou D. The intrinsic defects of T cells impact the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2023; 13:186. [PMID: 38097551 PMCID: PMC10721638 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-023-00958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy did not achieve the desired efficacy in some patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We conducted single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing as well as methylation chip profiling of peripheral blood samples in DLBCL patients. Patients who achieved complete remission (CR) showed an upward trend in T-cell levels, especially CD8-effector T cells. The responders exhibited T-cell clone expansion, more active T-cell transformation, and frequent cell communication. Highly expressed genes in the CR group were enriched in functions like leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and activation of immune response, while the non-CR group was enriched in pathways related to DNA damage and P53-mediated intrinsic apoptotic. More differentially methylated probes (DMPs) were identified in the baseline of the non-CR group (779 vs 350). GSEA analysis revealed that the genes annotated by DMPs were associated with cellular immune functions in T cells, including the generation of chemokines, leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, and cell-killing functions. The genes with low expression in the non-CR group exhibited a high methylation status. There is heterogeneity in the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic characteristics of host T cells in patients with different clinical outcomes. Intrinsic defects in T cells are important factors leading to poor efficacy of CAR-T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Chong Wei
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- GenePlus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Bai
- GenePlus-Beijing Institute, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Daobin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Cerreto M, Foà R, Natoni A. The Role of the Microenvironment and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5160. [PMID: 37958334 PMCID: PMC10647257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy whose progression largely depends on the lymph node and bone marrow microenvironment. Indeed, CLL cells actively proliferate in specific regions of these anatomical compartments, known as proliferation centers, while being quiescent in the blood stream. Hence, CLL cell adhesion and migration into these protective niches are critical for CLL pathophysiology. CLL cells are lodged in their microenvironment through a series of molecular interactions that are mediated by cellular adhesion molecules and their counter receptors. The importance of these adhesion molecules in the clinic is demonstrated by the correlation between the expression levels of some of them, in particular CD49d, and the prognostic likelihood. Furthermore, novel therapeutic agents, such as ibrutinib, impair the functions of these adhesion molecules, leading to an egress of CLL cells from the lymph nodes and bone marrow into the circulation together with an inhibition of homing into these survival niches, thereby preventing disease progression. Several adhesion molecules have been shown to participate in CLL adhesion and migration. Their importance also stems from the observation that they are involved in promoting, directly or indirectly, survival signals that sustain CLL proliferation and limit the efficacy of standard and novel chemotherapeutic drugs, a process known as cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance. In this respect, many studies have elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance, which have highlighted different signaling pathways that may represent potential therapeutic targets. Here, we review the role of the microenvironment and the adhesion molecules that have been shown to be important in CLL and their impact on transendothelial migration and cell-mediated drug resistance. We also discuss how novel therapeutic compounds modulate the function of this important class of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Natoni
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00100 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (R.F.)
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Li W, Shou X, Xiang W, He L, Li L, Fu H, Mao J. Urinary Sediment mRNA Level of CREBBP and CYBA in Children With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 12:801313. [PMID: 35173708 PMCID: PMC8841695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate gene expression patterns in urinary sediment samples of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).MethodsThe messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of 770 immune-related genes were detected using a NanoString nCounter platform. To verify the NanoString results, quantitative analysis of nine gene mRNAs was performed using real-time RT-PCR in more samples.ResultsFirstly, compared with the steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) group (n=3), significant changes were observed in the mRNA level of 70 genes, including MAP3K14, CYBA, SLC3A2, CREB-binding protein (CREBBP), CD68, forkhead box P1 (FOXP1), CD74, ITGB2, IFI30, and so forth, in the SRNS group (n=3). A total of 129 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), 15 with acute glomerulonephritis, and 6 with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) were enrolled to verify the NanoString results. Compared with patients with IgAN, those with INS had significantly lower levels of FOXP1 (P=0.047) and higher levels of CREBBP (P=0.023). Among SSNS, the mRNA level of ITGB2 was significantly lower in the non-relapse group than in the non-frequent relapse and frequent-relapse groups (P=0.006). Compared with the SSNS group, CREBBP was significantly elevated in the SRNS group (P=0.02). Further, CYBA significantly decreased in the SRNS group (P=0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) for CREBBP and CYBA was 0.655 and 0.669, respectively. CREBBP had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 49.4% and CYBA had a sensitivity of 58.3% and a specificity of 83.1% to rule out SSNS and SRNS. The diagnosis value was better for CREBBP+CYBA than for CREBBP or CYBA alone, indicating that the combination of CREBBP and CYBA was a more effective biomarker in predicting steroid resistance (AUC=0.666; sensitivity=63.9%; specificity=76.4%).ConclusionsThis study was novel in investigating the urinary sediment mRNA level in children with INS using high-throughput NanoString nCounter technology, and 70 genes that may relate to SRNS were found. The results revealed that the urinary sediment mRNA level of ITGB2 was significantly lower in the non-relapse group than in the non-frequent relapse and frequent-relapse groups. Meanwhile, CREBBP was significantly elevated and CYBA was significantly lowered in the SRNS group compared with the SSNS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Shou
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’ s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’ s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’ s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Mao,
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8
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Guo F, Yan J, Ling G, Chen H, Huang Q, Mu J, Mo L. Screening and Identification of Key Biomarkers in Lower Grade Glioma via Bioinformatical Analysis. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:6959237. [PMID: 35035531 PMCID: PMC8759910 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6959237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is a common type of central nervous system tumor. Due to its complicated pathogenesis, the choice and timing of adjuvant therapy after tumor treatment are controversial. This study explored and identified potential therapeutic targets for lower-grade. The bioinformatics method was employed to identify potential biomarkers and LGG molecular mechanisms. Firstly, we selected and downloaded GSE15824, GSE50161, and GSE86574 from the GEO database, which included 40 LGG tissue and 28 normal brain tissue samples. GEO and VENN software identified of 206 codifference expressed genes (DEGs). Secondly, we applied the DAVID online software to investigate the DEG biological function and KEGG pathway enrichment, as well as to build the protein interaction visualization network through Cytoscape and STRING website. Then, the MCODE plug is used in the analysis of 22 core genes. Thirdly, the 22 core genes were analyzed with UNCLA software, of which 18 genes were associated with a worse prognosis. Fourthly, GEPIA was used to analyze the 18 selected genes, and 14 genes were found to be a significantly different expression between LGGs and normal brain tumor samples. Fifthly, hierarchical gene clustering was used to examine the 14 important gene expression differences in different histologies, as well as analysis of the KEGG pathway. Five of these genes were shown to be abundant in the natural killer cell-mediated cytokines (NKCC) and phagosome pathways. The five key genes that may be affected by the immune microenvironment play a crucial role in LGG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guoyuan Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hainan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qianrong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Junbo Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ligen Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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9
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Cuesta-Mateos C, Terrón F, Herling M. CCR7 in Blood Cancers - Review of Its Pathophysiological Roles and the Potential as a Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736758. [PMID: 34778050 PMCID: PMC8589249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the classical paradigm, CCR7 is a homing chemokine receptor that grants normal lymphocytes access to secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes or spleen. As such, in most lymphoproliferative disorders, CCR7 expression correlates with nodal or spleen involvement. Nonetheless, recent evidence suggests that CCR7 is more than a facilitator of lymphatic spread of tumor cells. Here, we review published data to catalogue CCR7 expression across blood cancers and appraise which classical and novel roles are attributed to this receptor in the pathogenesis of specific hematologic neoplasms. We outline why novel therapeutic strategies targeting CCR7 might provide clinical benefits to patients with CCR7-positive hematopoietic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cuesta-Mateos
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Instituto la Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.,Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Fernando Terrón
- Immunological and Medicinal Products (IMMED S.L.), Madrid, Spain.,Catapult Therapeutics BV, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Marco Herling
- Clinic of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Wei J, Huang XJ, Huang Y, Xiong MY, Yao XY, Huang ZN, Li SN, Zhou WJ, Fang DL, Deng DH, Cheng P. Key immune-related gene ITGB2 as a prognostic signature for acute myeloid leukemia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1386. [PMID: 34733938 PMCID: PMC8506550 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an essential role in tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic response in many cancers. Currently, the role of TME in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unclear. This study investigated the correlation between immune-related genes and prognosis in AML patients. Methods Transcriptome RNA-Seq data for 151 AML samples were downloaded from TCGA database (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/), and the immune related genes (irgs) were selected from Immport database. Bioinformatics screening was used to identify irgs for AML, and genes with a critical role in the prognosis of AML were selected for further analysis. To confirm the prognostic role of irgs in AML, we undertook protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of the top 30 interacting genes. We then investigated associations between immune cell infiltration and prognosis in AML patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate protein expression levels between AML and normal bone marrow samples. Analysis of the drug sensitivity of the selected gene was then performed. Results The integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (CD11A/CD18; ITGAL/ITGB2) was identified as the key immune-related gene that significantly influenced prognosis in AML patients. Overexpression of ITGB2 indicated poor prognosis in AML patients (P=0.007). Risk modeling indicated that a high-risk score led to poor outcomes (P=3.076e−08) in AML patients. The risk model showed accuracy for predicting prognosis in AML patients, with area under curve (AUC) at 1 year, 0.816; AUC at 3 years, 0.82; and AUC at 5 years, 0.875. In addition, we found that ITGB2 had a powerful influence on immune cell infiltration into AML TME. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that AML patients had significantly higher ITGB2 protein expression than normal samples. The AML patients were divided into 2 groups based on ITGB2 risk scores. Drug sensitivity test results indicated that the high-risk group was sensitive to cytarabine, axitinib, bosutinib, and docetaxel, but resistant to cisplatin and bortezomib. Conclusions In the present study, we found that ITGB2 may be able to serve as a biomarker for assessing prognosis and drug sensitivity in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Xun-Jun Huang
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Ming-Yue Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Xiang-You Yao
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Zhi-Ning Huang
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Si-Nian Li
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Wei-Jie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Baise People's Hospital, Baise, China
| | - Da-Lang Fang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Dong-Hong Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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11
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Bednarczyk M, Stege H, Grabbe S, Bros M. β2 Integrins-Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1402. [PMID: 32092981 PMCID: PMC7073085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of β2 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of β2 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, β2 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, β2 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.G.)
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12
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Harjunpää H, Llort Asens M, Guenther C, Fagerholm SC. Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Roles and Regulation in the Immune and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31231358 PMCID: PMC6558418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system and cancer have a complex relationship with the immune system playing a dual role in tumor development. The effector cells of the immune system can recognize and kill malignant cells while immune system-mediated inflammation can also promote tumor growth and regulatory cells suppress the anti-tumor responses. In the center of all anti-tumor responses is the ability of the immune cells to migrate to the tumor site and to interact with each other and with the malignant cells. Cell adhesion molecules including receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily and integrins are of crucial importance in mediating these processes. Particularly integrins play a vital role in regulating all aspects of immune cell function including immune cell trafficking into tissues, effector cell activation and proliferation and the formation of the immunological synapse between immune cells or between immune cell and the target cell both during homeostasis and during inflammation and cancer. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating integrin function and the role of integrins and other cell adhesion molecules in immune responses and in the tumor microenvironment. We also describe how malignant cells can utilize cell adhesion molecules to promote tumor growth and metastases and how these molecules could be targeted in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Harjunpää
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Llort Asens
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla Guenther
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Wang T, Wu B, Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhang S, Huang W, Liu T, Yu W, Li J, Yu X. Identification of gene coexpression modules, hub genes, and pathways related to spinal cord injury using integrated bioinformatics methods. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6988-6997. [PMID: 30657608 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by dramatic neurons loss and axonal regeneration suppression. The underlying mechanism associated with SCI-induced immune suppression is still unclear. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) is now widely applied for the identification of the coexpressed modules, hub genes, and pathways associated with clinic traits of diseases. We performed this study to identify hub genes associated with SCI development. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets GSE45006 and GSE20907 were downloaded and the significant correlativity and connectivity between them were detected using WGCNA. Three significant consensus modules, including 567 eigengenes, were identified from the master GSE45006 data following the preconditions of approximate scale-free topology for WGCNA. Further bioinformatics analysis showed these eigengenes were involved in inflammatory and immune responses in SCI. Three hub genes Rac2, Itgb2, and Tyrobp and one pathway "natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity" were identified following short time-series expression miner, protein-protein interaction network, and functional enrichment analysis. Gradually upregulated expression patterns of Rac2, Itgb2, and Tyrobp genes at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days after SCI were confirmed based on GSE45006 and GSE20907 data set. Finally, we found that Rac2, Itgb2, and Tyrobp genes might take crucial roles in SCI development through the "natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity" pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Baolin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiting Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaobing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
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14
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Berral-Gonzalez A, Riffo-Campos AL, Ayala G. OMICfpp: a fuzzy approach for paired RNA-Seq counts. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:259. [PMID: 30940089 PMCID: PMC6444640 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA sequencing is a widely used technology for differential expression analysis. However, the RNA-Seq do not provide accurate absolute measurements and the results can be different for each pipeline used. The major problem in statistical analysis of RNA-Seq and in the omics data in general, is the small sample size with respect to the large number of variables. In addition, experimental design must be taken into account and few tools consider it. Results We propose OMICfpp, a method for the statistical analysis of RNA-Seq paired design data. First, we obtain a p-value for each case-control pair using a binomial test. These p-values are aggregated using an ordered weighted average (OWA) with a given orness previously chosen. The aggregated p-value from the original data is compared with the aggregated p-value obtained using the same method applied to random pairs. These new pairs are generated using between-pairs and complete randomization distributions. This randomization p-value is used as a raw p-value to test the differential expression of each gene. The OMICfpp method is evaluated using public data sets of 68 sample pairs from patients with colorectal cancer. We validate our results through bibliographic search of the reported genes and using simulated data set. Furthermore, we compared our results with those obtained by the methods edgeR and DESeq2 for paired samples. Finally, we propose new target genes to validate these as gene expression signatures in colorectal cancer. OMICfpp is available at http://www.uv.es/ayala/software/OMICfpp_0.2.tar.gz. Conclusions Our study shows that OMICfpp is an accurate method for differential expression analysis in RNA-Seq data with paired design. In addition, we propose the use of randomized p-values pattern graphic as a powerful and robust method to select the target genes for experimental validation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5496-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berral-Gonzalez
- Grupo de Investigación Bioinformática y Genómica Funcional. Laboratorio 19. Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (CiC-IBMCC, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Universitario Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Angela L Riffo-Campos
- Universidad de La Frontera. Centro De Excelencia de Modelación y Computación Científica, C/ Montevideo 740, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Guillermo Ayala
- Universidad de Valencia. Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, 1, Burjasot, 46100, Spain
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15
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Dashti N, Mahmoudi M, Gharibdoost F, Kavosi H, Rezaei R, Imeni V, Jamshidi A, Aslani S, Mostafaei S, Vodjgani M. Evaluation of ITGB2 (CD18) and SELL (CD62L) genes expression and methylation of ITGB2 promoter region in patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:489-498. [PMID: 29356883 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disease of connective tissue, is characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and vessel endothelial damage. Products of Integrin subunit beta 2 (ITGB2) and selectin L (SELL) genes participate in several functional pathways of immune system. The aim of this investigation was to survey the transcript level of ITGB2 and SELL genes as well as methylation status of CpG sites in promoter region of differently expressed gene in PBMCs of SSc patients. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of 50 SSc patients and 30 healthy controls. Total RNA and DNA contents of PBMCs were extracted. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR using the SYBR Green PCR Master Mix. To investigate the methylation status of CpG sites, DNA samples were treated by bisulfite, amplified through nested PCR, and sequenced through Sanger difficult sequencing method. ITGB2 gene in PBMCs of SSc patients was overexpressed significantly in comparison to healthy controls. However, no altered SELL expression was observed. Three CpG sites of 12, 13 and 14 were significantly hypomethylated in patients group, despite overall methylation status of ITGB2 gene promoter revealed no significant difference between study groups. There was no statistically significant correlation between methylation status of ITGB2 promoter and the gene expression in patients. Regarding to lack of correlation of increased expression of ITGB2 with its promoter hypomethylation in SSc patients, our study suggests that upregulation of ITGB2 in PBMCs from SSc patients is probably due to another mechanism other than methylation alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Dashti
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Gharibdoost
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hoda Kavosi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Imeni
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vodjgani
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110153. [PMID: 29099772 PMCID: PMC5704171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (also known as CD11a/CD18 and αLβ2), is just one of many integrins in the human body, but its significance is derived from its exclusive presence in leukocytes. In this review, we summarize the studies relating LFA-1 and its major ligand ICAM-1 (or CD54) with cancer, through the function of lymphocytes and myeloid cells on tumor cells. We consider how LFA-1 mediates the interaction of leukocytes with tumors and the role of ICAM-1 in tumor dynamics, which can be independent of its interaction with LFA-1. We also offer a more detailed examination of the role of LFA-1 within B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Finally, we discuss the role that exosomes harboring LFA-1 play in tumor growth and metastasis.
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17
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Pozzo F, Bittolo T, Vendramini E, Bomben R, Bulian P, Rossi FM, Zucchetto A, Tissino E, Degan M, D'Arena G, Di Raimondo F, Zaja F, Pozzato G, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Del Poeta G, Gattei V, Dal Bo M. NOTCH1-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells are characterized by a MYC-related overexpression of nucleophosmin 1 and ribosome-associated components. Leukemia 2017; 31:2407-2415. [PMID: 28321119 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the mechanisms controlling cell growth and proliferation in the presence of NOTCH1 mutations remain largely unexplored. By performing a gene expression profile of NOTCH1-mutated (NOTCH1-mut) versus NOTCH1 wild-type CLL, we identified a gene signature of NOTCH1-mut CLL characterized by the upregulation of genes related to ribosome biogenesis, such as nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) and ribosomal proteins (RNPs). Activation of NOTCH1 signaling by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or by coculture with JAGGED1-expressing stromal cells increased NPM1 expression, and inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling by either NOTCH1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) or γ-secretase inhibitor reduced NPM1 expression. Bioinformatic analyses and in vitro activation/inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling suggested a role of MYC as a mediator of NOTCH1 effects over NPM1 and RNP expression in NOTCH1-mut CLL. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments performed on NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD)-transfected CLL-like cells showed the direct binding of NOTCH1 to the MYC promoter, and transfection with MYC-specific siRNA reduced NPM1 expression. In turn, NPM1 determined a proliferation advantage of CLL-like cells, as demonstrated by NPM1-specific siRNA transfection. In conclusion, NOTCH1 mutations in CLL are associated with the overexpression of MYC and MYC-related genes involved in protein biosynthesis including NPM1, which are allegedly responsible for cell growth and/or proliferation advantages of NOTCH1-mut CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pozzo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - T Bittolo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - E Vendramini
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - R Bomben
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - P Bulian
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - F M Rossi
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - A Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - E Tissino
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - M Degan
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - G D'Arena
- Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS 'Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata', Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - F Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, Ferrarotto Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - F Zaja
- Clinica Ematologica, Centro Trapianti e Terapie Cellulari 'Carlo Melzi' DISM, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S Maria Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | - G Pozzato
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Maggiore General Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Rossi
- Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - G Gaidano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - G Del Poeta
- Division of Hematology, S Eugenio Hospital and University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - V Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - M Dal Bo
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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18
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Ventham NT, Kennedy NA, Adams AT, Kalla R, Heath S, O'Leary KR, Drummond H, Wilson DC, Gut IG, Nimmo ER, Satsangi J. Integrative epigenome-wide analysis demonstrates that DNA methylation may mediate genetic risk in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13507. [PMID: 27886173 PMCID: PMC5133631 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations may provide important insights into gene-environment interaction in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we observe epigenome-wide DNA methylation differences in 240 newly-diagnosed IBD cases and 190 controls. These include 439 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and 5 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which we study in detail using whole genome bisulphite sequencing. We replicate the top DMP (RPS6KA2) and DMRs (VMP1, ITGB2 and TXK) in an independent cohort. Using paired genetic and epigenetic data, we delineate methylation quantitative trait loci; VMP1/microRNA-21 methylation associates with two polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium with a known IBD susceptibility variant. Separated cell data shows that IBD-associated hypermethylation within the TXK promoter region negatively correlates with gene expression in whole-blood and CD8+ T cells, but not other cell types. Thus, site-specific DNA methylation changes in IBD relate to underlying genotype and associate with cell-specific alteration in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. T. Ventham
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 6XU, UK
| | - N. A. Kennedy
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 6XU, UK
| | - A. T. Adams
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 6XU, UK
| | - R. Kalla
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 6XU, UK
| | - S. Heath
- CNAG-CRG, Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - K. R. O'Leary
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 6XU, UK
| | - H. Drummond
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 6XU, UK
| | - D. C. Wilson
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, UK
| | - I. G. Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
| | - E. R. Nimmo
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 6XU, UK
| | - J. Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 6XU, UK
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Whole exome sequencing in families with CLL detects a variant in Integrin β 2 associated with disease susceptibility. Blood 2016; 128:2261-2263. [PMID: 27629550 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-697771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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20
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Ganghammer S, Hutterer E, Hinterseer E, Brachtl G, Asslaber D, Krenn PW, Girbl T, Berghammer P, Geisberger R, Egle A, Zucchetto A, Kruschinski A, Gattei V, Chigaev A, Greil R, Hartmann TN. CXCL12-induced VLA-4 activation is impaired in trisomy 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells: a role for CCL21. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12048-60. [PMID: 25895128 PMCID: PMC4494922 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing to distinct lymphoid organs enables chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to receive pro-survival and proliferative signals. Cytogenetic aberrations can significantly affect CLL cell compartmentalization. Trisomy 12 (tri12) defines a CLL subgroup with specific clinical features and increased levels of the negative prognostic marker CD49d, the α4-subunit of the integrin VLA-4, which is a key regulator of CLL cell homing to bone marrow (BM). Chemokine-induced inside-out VLA-4 activation, particularly via the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, increases the arrest of various cell types on VCAM-1 presenting endothelium. Here, we demonstrate that high CD49d expression in tri12 CLL is accompanied by decreased CXCR4 expression. Dissecting functional consequences of these alterations, we observed that tri12 CLL cell homing to murine BM is not affected by CXCR4-CXCL12 blockage using AMD3100 or olaptesed pegol/NOX-A12. In line, CCL21-CCR7 rather than CXCL12-CXCR4 interactions triggered VLA-4-mediated arrests of tri12 CLL cells to VCAM-1 under blood flow conditions. Concordantly, in real-time kinetic analyses we found CCL21 but not CXCL12 being capable to induce inside-out VLA-4 conformational changes in this CLL subgroup. Our results provide novel insights into the peculiar clinico-biological behaviour of tri12 CLL and emphasize its specific chemokine and integrin utilization during pathophysiologically and therapeutically relevant interactions with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ganghammer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Evelyn Hutterer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Hinterseer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gabriele Brachtl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Asslaber
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter William Krenn
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tamara Girbl
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Petra Berghammer
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Geisberger
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Egle
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Richard Greil
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, 3rd Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria.,Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
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21
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Krenn PW, Hofbauer SW, Pucher S, Hutterer E, Hinterseer E, Denk U, Asslaber D, Ganghammer S, Sternberg C, Neureiter D, Aberger F, Wickström SA, Egle A, Greil R, Hartmann TN. ILK Induction in Lymphoid Organs by a TNFα-NF-κB-Regulated Pathway Promotes the Development of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2186-96. [PMID: 26837762 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells requires communication with the lymphoid organ microenvironment. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a multifunctional intracellular adaptor protein that transmits extracellular signals to regulate malignant cell motility, metastasis, and cell-cycle progression, but is poorly characterized in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we investigated the role of ILK in the context of CLL and observed high ILK expression in patient samples, particularly in tumor cells harboring prognostic high-risk markers such as unmutated IGHV genes, high Zap70, or CD38 expression, or a signature of recent proliferation. We also found increased numbers of Ki67 (MKI67)-positive cells in regions of enhanced ILK expression in lymph nodes from CLL patients. Using coculture conditions mimicking the proliferative lymph node microenvironment, we detected a parallel induction of ILK and cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression in CLL cells that was dependent on the activation of NF-κB signaling by soluble TNFα. The newly synthesized ILK protein colocalized to centrosomal structures and was required for correct centrosome clustering and mitotic spindle organization. Furthermore, we established a mouse model of CLL in which B-cell-specific genetic ablation of ILK resulted in decelerated leukemia development due to reduced organ infiltration and proliferation of CLL cells. Collectively, our findings describe a TNFα-NF-κB-mediated mechanism by which ILK expression is induced in the lymph node microenvironment and propose that ILK promotes leukemogenesis by enabling CLL cells to cope with centrosomal defects acquired during malignant transformation. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2186-96. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Krenn
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian W Hofbauer
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Pucher
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Evelyn Hutterer
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Hinterseer
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ursula Denk
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Asslaber
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sylvia Ganghammer
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing,' Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Egle
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tanja N Hartmann
- Third Medical Department with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectious Diseases, and Rheumatology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Salzburg, Austria.
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