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Carratt SA, Kong GL, Coblentz C, Schonrock Z, Maloney L, Weeder B, Yashar W, Callahan R, Blaylock H, Coleman C, Coleman D, Braun TP, Maxson JE. RUNX1::ETO translocations must precede CSF3R mutations to promote acute myeloid leukemia development. Leukemia 2023; 37:1141-1146. [PMID: 36894620 PMCID: PMC10544281 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Carratt
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Garth L Kong
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Cody Coblentz
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Zachary Schonrock
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Lauren Maloney
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ben Weeder
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Will Yashar
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rowan Callahan
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hunter Blaylock
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Colin Coleman
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Dan Coleman
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Theodore P Braun
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Julia E Maxson
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Bulleeraz V, Goy M, Basheer F, Liongue C, Ward AC. Leukemia-associated truncation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor impacts granulopoiesis throughout the life-course. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1095453. [PMID: 36703974 PMCID: PMC9871641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1095453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR), encoded by the CSF3R gene, is involved in the production and function of neutrophilic granulocytes. Somatic mutations in CSF3R leading to truncated G-CSFR forms are observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly those subsequent to severe chronic neutropenia (SCN), as well as in a subset of patients with other leukemias. Methods This investigation introduced equivalent mutations into the zebrafish csf3r gene via genome editing and used a range of molecular and cellular techniques to understand the impact of these mutations on immune cells across the lifespan. Results Zebrafish harboring truncated G-CSFRs showed significantly enhanced neutrophil production throughout successive waves of embryonic hematopoiesis and a neutrophil maturation defect in adults, with the mutations acting in a partially dominant manner. Discussion This study has elucidated new insights into the impact of G-CSFR truncations throughout the life-course and created a bone fide zebrafish model for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Goy
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia,*Correspondence: Alister C. Ward,
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3
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Wang B, Wen L, Wang Z, Chen S, Qiu H. Differential Implications of CSF3R Mutations in t(8;21) and CEBPA Double Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA, MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2022; 22:393-404. [PMID: 34975010 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data are available exploring mutations of the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in an all-round and systematic manner. The purpose of this study was to analyze the CSF3R mutations (CSF3Rmut) in AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities for potential synergistic pathomechanism. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively screened 1102 adult de novo AML patients with available next-generation sequencing (NGS) information on 132 genes related to hematologic disorders. The χ2, Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze their associations with clinicopathologic characteristics, and a propensity score matching (PSM) followed by Kaplan-Meier method was applied to measure their prognostic effects. RESULTS Overall, CSF3Rmut were detected in 40 (3.6%) of 1102 patients with adult de novo AML. CSF3Rmut were predominantly enriched in AML with the CEBPA double mutations (CEBPAdm) (16/122, 13.1%), t(8;21) (12/186, 6.5%) and mutated RUNX1 (3/50, 6.0%), respectively. The CSF3Rmut loci and types differed according to AML subtypes, with frameshift-indels and premature stop confined in the t(8;21) AML [10/12 (83.3%)], and missense recurrently aggregated in the CEBPAdm AML [16/16 (100%)]. Cases with CSF3Rmut had a lower WBC count versus those with CSF3R wild-type (CSF3Rwt) in the t(8;21) AML cohort, with a borderline significance [median 5.45 (range 0.94-20.30) × 109/L) vs. 8.80 (range 0.96-155.00) × 109/L, P = .046]. CSF3Rmut were non-significantly associated with higher WBC counts [median 33.6 (range 6.8-287.6) × 109/L vs. 18.1 (range 1.7-196.0) × 109/L, P = .156] and significantly with lower immunophenotypic CD15 positivity [0/8 (0%) vs. 44/80 (55%), P = .009] as compared to CSF3Rwt in the CEBPAdm AML cohort. After propensity score matching followed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, CSF3Rmut cases had comparable disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) to those with CSF3Rwt (P = .607 and P = .842, respectively) in the t(8;21) AML cohort. By contrast, CSF3Rmut showed an inclination towards inferior DFS compared to CSF3Rwt in the CEBPAdm AML cohort [median DFS 19.8 (95%CI 3.1-36.5) months vs. not reached (NR), P = .086]. No significant difference was found for OS between CSF3Rmut and CSF3Rwt cases (P = .943). CONCLUSION We concluded that CSF3Rmut were frequently enriched in patients with t(8;21) and CEBPAdm subtypes among AML, but showed divergent clinicopathologic features, mutation loci and types and differing prognostic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Hematology, Changzhou First People's Hospital (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University), Changzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China; Suzhou Jsuniwell Medical Laboratory, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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4
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Nann D, Fend F. Synoptic Diagnostics of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Morphology and Molecular Genetics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143528. [PMID: 34298741 PMCID: PMC8303289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms requires assessment of a combination of clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic and genetic features, and this integrated, multimodal approach forms the basis for precise classification. Evaluation includes cell counts and morphology in the peripheral blood, bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy, and may encompass flow cytometry for specific questions. Diagnosis nowadays is completed by targeted molecular analysis for the detection of recurrent driver and, optionally, disease-modifying mutations. According to the current World Health Organization classification, all myeloproliferative disorders require assessment of molecular features to support the diagnosis or confirm a molecularly defined entity. This requires a structured molecular analysis workflow tailored for a rapid and cost-effective diagnosis. The review focuses on the morphological and molecular features of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and their differential diagnoses, addresses open questions of classification, and emphasizes the enduring role of histopathological assessment in the molecular era. Abstract The diagnosis of a myeloid neoplasm relies on a combination of clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic and genetic features, and an integrated, multimodality approach is needed for precise classification. The basic diagnostics of myeloid neoplasms still rely on cell counts and morphology of peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate, flow cytometry, cytogenetics and bone marrow trephine biopsy, but particularly in the setting of Ph− myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), the trephine biopsy has a crucial role. Nowadays, molecular studies are of great importance in confirming or refining a diagnosis and providing prognostic information. All myeloid neoplasms of chronic evolution included in this review, nowadays feature the presence or absence of specific genetic markers in their diagnostic criteria according to the current WHO classification, underlining the importance of molecular studies. Crucial differential diagnoses of Ph− MPN are the category of myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and gene rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB or FGFR1, or with PCM1-JAK2, and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN). This review focuses on morphological, immunophenotypical and molecular features of BCR-ABL1-negative MPN and their differential diagnoses. Furthermore, areas of difficulties and open questions in their classification are addressed, and the persistent role of morphology in the area of molecular medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Nann
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-2980207
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5
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Prognostic impact of CSF3R mutations in favorable risk childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2020; 135:1603-1606. [PMID: 32187354 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Truncation mutations in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor gene (CSF3R) are a rare abnormality in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia, and are usually associated either with mutations in CEBPA or with t(8;21). Through sequencing of over 2000 patients, the authors demonstrated that, although CSF3R mutations with associated t(8;21) still had an excellent response, CSF3R mutation abrogated the favorable risk of CEBPA mutation alone.
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liu H, Cao P, Ma X, Wang T, Zhang J, Zhang X, Lu P, Liu H. CSF3R Mutations are frequently associated with abnormalities of RUNX1, CBFB, CEBPA, and NPM1 genes in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer 2018; 124:3329-3338. [PMID: 29932212 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) gene occur frequently in chronic neutrophilic leukemia and are rare in de novo acute leukemia. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of CSF3R mutations in acute leukemia and their association with other genetic abnormalities. METHODS Amplicon-targeted, next-generation sequencing of 58 genes was performed retrospectively on 1152 patients (acute myeloid leukemia [AML], n = 587; acute lymphoid leukemia [ALL], n = 565). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect 35 leukemia-specific gene fusions. RESULTS CSF3R mutations (26 patients) were detected in 3.6% (13 of 364 patients), 4.6% (8 of 175 patients), and 8.3% (4 of 48 patients) of those with de novo, relapsed, and secondary AML, respectively, and in 0.2% (1 of 565 patients) of those with ALL. In total, 9 distinct CSF3R mutations were detected. Membrane-proximal missense mutations and cytoplasmic truncations were identified as mutually exclusive. The proportion of patients who had French-American-British subtypes M2 and M4 in the CSF3R-mutated group was significantly greater than that in the CSF3R wild-type group for both the de novo AML cohort (P = .001) and the relapsed AML cohort (P = .024). All de novo and relapsed AMLs with CSF3R mutations were associated with genetic alterations in transcription factors, including RUNX1-RUNX1T1, CBFB-MYH11, double-mutated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (CEBPAdm), and NPM1 mutations; and core-binding factor gene abnormalities and CEBPAdm accounted for 90.5% (19 of 21 patients). CONCLUSIONS CSF3R mutations are uncommon in AML; however, when they occur, they are often associated with core-binding factor gene abnormalities and CEBPAdm. An in-depth understanding of the interaction between these genetic alterations could facilitate a clearer understanding of the role of CSF3R mutations in AML development and may be used for disease classification, prognosis, and the development of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Panxiang Cao
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Peihua Lu
- International Medical Center, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China.,Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang, China.,Beijing Lu Daopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
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7
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Connelly JA, Mody RJ, Wu YM, Robinson DR, Lonigro RJ, Vats P, Rabban E, Anderson B, Walkovich K. Identification of novel MECOM gene fusion and personalized therapeutic targets through integrative clinical sequencing in secondary acute myeloid leukemia in a patient with severe congenital neutropenia: a case report and literature review. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:a002204. [PMID: 29572239 PMCID: PMC5880254 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by defective myelopoiesis and a high incidence of malignant transformation to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). SCN patients who develop MDS/AML have excessive toxicities to traditional chemotherapy, and safer therapies are needed to improve overall survival in this population. In this report, we outline the use of a prospective integrative clinical sequencing trial (PEDS-MIONCOSEQ) in a patient with SCN and AML to help identify oncogenic targets for less toxic agents. Integrative sequencing identified two somatic cis-mutations in the colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) gene, a p.T640N mutation in the transmembrane region and a p.Q768* truncation mutation in the cytoplasmic domain. A somatic mutation p.H105Y, in the runt homology domain (RHD) of runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), was also identified. In addition, sequencing discovered a unique in-frame EIF4A2-MECOM (MDS1 and ectopic viral integration site 1 complex) chromosomal translocation with high MECOM expression. His mutations in CSF3R served as potential targets for tyrosine kinase inhibition and therefore provided an avenue to avoid more harmful therapy. This study highlights the utility of integrative clinical sequencing in SCN patients who develop leukemia and outlines a strategy on how to approach these patients in a future clinical sequencing trial to improve historically poor outcomes. A thorough review of leukemia in SCN and the role of CSF3R mutations in oncologic therapy are provided to support a new strategy on how to approach MDS/AML in SCN.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Alleles
- Biomarkers
- Biopsy
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Congenital Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genotype
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotype
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- MDS1 and EVI1 Complex Locus Protein/genetics
- Male
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/etiology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- Neutropenia/complications
- Neutropenia/congenital
- Neutropenia/therapy
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Transcriptome
- Exome Sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Connelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6310, USA
| | - Rajen J Mody
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yi-Mi Wu
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Dan R Robinson
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Robert J Lonigro
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Erica Rabban
- Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Bailey Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kelly Walkovich
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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8
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Characterization of the leukemogenic potential of distal cytoplasmic CSF3R truncation and missense mutations. Leukemia 2017; 31:2752-2760. [PMID: 28439110 PMCID: PMC5682244 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of variants of unknown significance (VUS) are being identified in leukemia patients with the application of deep sequencing and these include CSF3R cytoplasmic mutations. Previous studies have demonstrated oncogenic potential of certain CSF3R truncation mutations prior to internalization motifs. However, the oncogenic potential of truncating the more distal region of CSF3R cytoplasmic domain as well as cytoplasmic missense mutations remains uncharacterized. Here we identified that CSF3R distal cytoplasmic truncation mutations (Q793–Q823) also harbored leukemogenic potential. Mechanistically, these distal cytoplasmic truncation mutations demonstrated markedly decreased receptor degradation, probably due to loss of the de-phosphorylation domain (residues N818–F836). Furthermore, all truncations prior to Q823 demonstrated increased expression of the higher molecular weight CSF3R band, which is shown to be essential for the receptor surface expression and the oncogenic potential. We further demonstrated that sufficient STAT5 activation is essential for oncogenic potential. In addition, CSF3R K704A demonstrated transforming capacity due to interruption of receptor ubiquitination and degradation. In summary, we have expanded the region of the CSF3R cytoplasmic domain in which truncation or missense mutations exhibit leukemogenic capacity, which will be useful for evaluating the relevance of CSF3R mutations in patients and helpful in defining targeted therapy strategies.
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9
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Yamato G, Shiba N, Yoshida K, Shiraishi Y, Hara Y, Ohki K, Okubo J, Okuno H, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Kinoshita A, Moritake H, Kiyokawa N, Tomizawa D, Park MJ, Sotomatsu M, Taga T, Adachi S, Tawa A, Horibe K, Arakawa H, Miyano S, Ogawa S, Hayashi Y. ASXL2 mutations are frequently found in pediatric AML patients with t(8;21)/ RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and associated with a better prognosis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:382-393. [PMID: 28063196 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ASXL2 is an epigenetic regulator involved in polycomb repressive complex regulation or recruitment. Clinical features of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with ASXL2 mutations remain unclear. Thus, we investigated frequencies of ASXL1 and ASXL2 mutations, clinical features of patients with these mutations, correlations of these mutations with other genetic alterations including BCOR/BCORL1 and cohesin complex component genes, and prognostic impact of these mutations in 369 pediatric patients with de novo AML (0-17 years). We identified 9 (2.4%) ASXL1 and 17 (4.6%) ASXL2 mutations in 25 patients. These mutations were more common in patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (ASXL1, 6/9, 67%, P = 0.02; ASXL2, 10/17, 59%, P = 0.01). Among these 25 patients, 4 (27%) of 15 patients with t(8;21) and 6 (60%) of 10 patients without t(8;21) relapsed. However, most patients with relapse were rescued using stem cell transplantation irrespective of t(8;21). The overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates showed no differences among pediatric AML patients with t(8;21) and ASXL1 or ASXL2 mutations and ASXL wild-type (5-year OS, 75% vs. 100% vs. 91% and 5-year EFS, 67% vs. 80% vs. 67%). In 106 patients with t(8;21) AML, the coexistence of mutations in tyrosine kinase pathways and chromatin modifiers and/or cohesin complex component genes had no effect on prognosis. These results suggest that ASXL1 and ASXL2 mutations play key roles as cooperating mutations that induce leukemogenesis, particularly in pediatric AML patients with t(8;21), and these mutations might be associated with a better prognosis than that reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Yamato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Norio Shiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hara
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Okubo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruna Okuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Moritake
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kiyokawa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Myoung-Ja Park
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Manabu Sotomatsu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Taga
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Souichi Adachi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Tawa
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Horibe
- Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Hayashi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Aichi, Japan.,Director General, Japanese Red Cross Gunma Blood Center, Gunma, Japan
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10
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Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Hu N, Dong F. A Truncated Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Receptor (G-CSFR) Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by Neutrophil Elastase G185R Mutant: IMPLICATION FOR UNDERSTANDING CSF3R GENE MUTATIONS IN SEVERE CONGENITAL NEUTROPENIA. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3496-3505. [PMID: 28073911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ELANE encoding neutrophil elastase (NE) have been identified in the majority of patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). The NE mutants have been shown to activate unfolded protein response and induce premature apoptosis in myeloid cells. Patients with SCN are predisposed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and progression from SCN to AML is accompanied by mutations in CSF3R encoding the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) in ∼80% of patients. The mutations result in the expression of C-terminally truncated G-CSFRs that promote strong cell proliferation and survival. It is unknown why the CSF3R mutations, which are rare in de novo AML, are so prevalent in SCN/AML. We show here that a G-CSFR mutant, d715, derived from an SCN patient inhibited G-CSF-induced expression of NE in a dominant negative manner. Furthermore, G-CSFR d715 suppressed unfolded protein response and apoptosis induced by an SCN-derived NE mutant, which was associated with sustained activation of AKT and STAT5, and augmented expression of BCL-XL. Thus, the truncated G-CSFRs associated with SCN/AML may protect myeloid precursor cells from apoptosis induced by the NE mutants. We propose that acquisition of CSF3R mutations may represent a mechanism by which myeloid precursor cells carrying the ELANE mutations evade the proapoptotic activity of the NE mutants in SCN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Qiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Fan Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606.
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11
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Abstract
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a distinct myeloproliferative neoplasm with a high prevalence (>80%) of mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R). These mutations activate the receptor, leading to the proliferation of neutrophils that are a hallmark of CNL. Recently, the World Health Organization guidelines have been updated to include CSF3R mutations as part of the diagnostic criteria for CNL. Because of the high prevalence of CSF3R mutations in CNL, it is tempting to think of this disease as being solely driven by this genetic lesion. However, recent additional genomic characterization demonstrates that CNL has much in common with other chronic myeloid malignancies at the genetic level, such as the clinically related diagnosis atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. These commonalities include mutations in SETBP1, spliceosome proteins (SRSF2, U2AF1), and epigenetic modifiers (TET2, ASXL1). Some of these same mutations also have been characterized as frequent events in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, suggesting a more complex disease evolution than was previously understood and raising the possibility that an age-related clonal process of preleukemic cells could precede the development of CNL. The order of acquisition of CSF3R mutations relative to mutations in SETBP1, epigenetic modifiers, or the spliceosome has been determined only in isolated case reports; thus, further work is needed to understand the impact of mutation chronology on the clonal evolution and progression of CNL. Understanding the complete landscape and chronology of genomic events in CNL will help in the development of improved therapeutic strategies for this patient population.
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12
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Langabeer SE. Getting Hot Under the CALR: What Drives Pediatric Myeloproliferative Neoplasms? Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 32:513-4. [PMID: 26270896 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2015.1056327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Langabeer
- a Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Chemo-genomic interrogation of CEBPA mutated AML reveals recurrent CSF3R mutations and subgroup sensitivity to JAK inhibitors. Blood 2016; 127:3054-61. [PMID: 27034432 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-705053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data of 14 samples characterized by biallelic CEBPA (CEBPA(bi)) mutations included in the Leucegene collection of 415 primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) specimens, and describe for the first time high frequency recurrent mutations in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor gene CSF3R, which signals through JAK-STAT proteins. Chemical interrogation of these primary human specimens revealed a uniform and specific sensitivity to all JAK inhibitors tested irrespective of their CSF3R mutation status, indicating a general sensitization of JAK-STAT signaling in this leukemia subset. Altogether, these results identified the co-occurrence of mutations in CSF3R and CEBPA in a well-defined AML subset, which uniformly responds to JAK inhibitors and paves the way to personalized clinical trials for this disease.
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Springuel L, Renauld JC, Knoops L. JAK kinase targeting in hematologic malignancies: a sinuous pathway from identification of genetic alterations towards clinical indications. Haematologica 2015; 100:1240-53. [PMID: 26432382 PMCID: PMC4591756 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.132142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation occurs in most myeloproliferative neoplasms as well as in a significant proportion of other hematologic malignancies, and is frequently a marker of poor prognosis. The underlying molecular alterations are heterogeneous as they include activating mutations in distinct components (cytokine receptor, JAK, STAT), overexpression (cytokine receptor, JAK) or rare JAK2 fusion proteins. In some cases, concomitant loss of negative regulators contributes to pathogenesis by further boosting the activation of the cascade. Exploiting the signaling bottleneck provided by the limited number of JAK kinases is an attractive therapeutic strategy for hematologic neoplasms driven by constitutive JAK-STAT pathway activation. However, given the conserved nature of the kinase domain among family members and the interrelated roles of JAK kinases in many physiological processes, including hematopoiesis and immunity, broad usage of JAK inhibitors in hematology is challenged by their narrow therapeutic window. Novel therapies are, therefore, needed. The development of more selective inhibitors is a questionable strategy as such inhibitors might abrogate the beneficial contribution of alleviating the cancer-related pro-inflammatory microenvironment and raise selective pressure to a threshold that allows the emergence of malignant subclones harboring drug-resistant mutations. In contrast, synergistic combinations of JAK inhibitors with drugs targeting cascades that work in concert with JAK-STAT pathway appear to be promising therapeutic alternatives to JAK inhibitors as monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Springuel
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Knoops
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium Hematology Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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