1
|
Wu KY, Cheong IS, Lai JN, Hu CY, Hung KC, Chen YT, Chiu LT, Tsai HT, Jou YC, Tzai TS, Tsai YS. Risk of secondary primary malignancies in survivors of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A nationwide population-based analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 89:102536. [PMID: 38281454 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the cancer types and risk factors of secondary primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in Taiwan. METHODS Using National Health Insurance Research Dataset and catastrophic illness registry, we enrolled newly diagnosed UTUC patients from 2000 to 2013. Those without catastrophic illness registration were excluded from the study. The cancer types and hazard ratios (HRs) of subsequent SPMs were calculated according to the antecedent malignancy. We analyzed the risk factors for developing SPMs using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS A total of 9050 UTUC patients were registered and 2187 (24.2%) patients developed SPMs during the study period. As compared with primary UTUC, the relative risk ratios of SPM was 2.5 folds and 18% higher in those with antecedent non-UC malignancy and with bladder cancer history, respectively. Totally, 387 (37.8%) of 1022 UTUC patients with antecedent non-UC malignancy developed subsequent SPM after UTUC diagnosis. The antecedent and subsequent cancer types are similar and kidney cancer is most common, followed by hepatoma. Multivariate analysis showed that a history of antecedent non-UC malignancy is the most unfavorable factor for SPM development (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 2.23-2.81), followed by liver disease, male gender, antecedent bladder cancer history, age ≥ 75 years, and chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Our study, conducted in Taiwan and involving 9050 UTUC patients, meticulously examined the types of SPM and the associated risk factors. Our research unearthed several pivotal discoveries: a preceding history of non-UC malignancies emerged as the single most influential factor contributing to the occurrence of subsequent cancers, followed by liver disease, male gender, antecedent bladder cancer history, age ≥75 years, and chronic kidney disease. Futhermore, kidney cancer emerged as the predominant subsequent malignancy, closely trailed by hepatoma..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ian-Seng Cheong
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yuan Hu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, No.901, ChungHwa Road, Yung Kung Dist, Tainan 710, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ting Chiu
- Management office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Chin Jou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St Martin De Porres Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shin Tzai
- Department of Urology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Zeng M, Ju X, Lin A, Zhou C, Shen J, Liu Z, Tang B, Cheng Q, Wang Y, Zhang J, Luo P. Correlation between second and first primary cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 million cancer patients. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znad377. [PMID: 38055899 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many survivors of a first primary cancer (FPCs) are at risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC), with effects on patient prognosis. Primary cancers have different frequencies of specific SPC development and the development of SPCs may be closely related to the FPC. The aim of this study was to explore possible correlations between SPCs and FPCs. METHODS Relevant literature on SPCs was retrospectively searched and screened from four databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PMC. Data on the number of patients with SPC in 28 different organ sites were also collected from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 8 Registry and NHANES database. RESULTS A total of 9 617 643 patients with an FPC and 677 430 patients with an SPC were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with a first primary gynaecological cancer and thyroid cancer frequently developed a second primary breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Moreover, those with a first primary head and neck cancer, anal cancer and oesophageal cancer developed a second primary lung cancer more frequently. A second primary lung cancer and prostate cancer was also common among patients with first primary bladder cancer and penile cancer. Patients with second primary bladder cancer accounted for 56% of first primary ureteral cancer patients with SPCs. CONCLUSIONS This study recommends close clinical follow-up, monitoring and appropriate interventions in patients with relevant FPCs for better screening and early diagnosis of SPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyuan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueming Ju
- Department of Utrsound, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bufu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Youyu Wang
- Department of Utrsound, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eshagh Hoseini SJ, Heidari M, Fatemi Manesh H. Evaluation of secondary cancers, synchronous and metachronous with bladder cancer. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of bladder cancer survivors worldwide is increasing due to the advancement of diagnostic methods and bladder cancer treatment. Besides, bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in Iran. Nowadays, many secondary cancers have been proven with bladder cancer. This study focused on synchronous and metachronous cancers with bladder cancer. This study was performed retrospectively. A total of 276 patients with a definitive diagnosis of bladder cancer were included in the study. Tumors were diagnosed using ultrasound and cystoscopy. Out of 276 patients with bladder tumor, 240 underwent resection, 25 underwent radical cystectomy, and 31 underwent chemotherapy in addition to resection.
The mean age of patients was 65±3.9 years. Among the patients, 184 were male (67%), and 92 were female (33%). Smoking was the most common known risk factor. There were 165 smokers, 135 of whom were male and 30 female. Sixty-nine patients had no known risk factor (P <0.05). Gastric cancer was the most common secondary cancer with bladder cancer in all individuals (5.7%). Prostate cancer (20%) in men and cervical cancer (11.9%) in women was the most common secondary cancer simultaneous with bladder cancer. Given the importance of SPC as a cause of cancer death, early detection and screening of primary cancer survivors will increase patients' life expectancy and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Heidari
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taylor J, Weiner AB, Wang B, Balar AV, Steinberg GD, Matulewicz RS. Lung Metastases Versus Second Primary Lung Cancers in Patients with Primary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A National Population-Based Assessment. Bladder Cancer 2021; 7:347-354. [PMID: 38993612 PMCID: PMC11181803 DOI: 10.3233/blc-210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The work-up and diagnosis of indeterminate lung nodules at time of bladder cancer diagnosis may delay or change treatment. OBJECTIVE To quantify the incidence of synchronous and metachronous lung cancers in adults with bladder cancer and compare these rates to the incidence of bladder cancer metastases in the lung. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed all adults diagnosed with bladder cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry (2010- 2015) and identified second primary lung cancers defined as being either synchronous (diagnosed within 6 months of bladder cancer diagnosis) or metachronous (more than 6 months following index bladder cancer diagnosis). The risk of second primary lung cancers were reported as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) reflecting observed and expected case ratios. RESULTS A total of 88,335 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were included. Among adults with NMIBC (n = 66,071) and MIBC (n = 18,879), 0.3% and 3.9% had bladder cancer metastatic to the lungs at diagnosis. Synchronous second primary lung cancers were diagnosed in 0.4% and 0.7% of patients with NMIBC and MIBC, respectively. Compared to the general population, the SIR for synchronous lung cancers among adults with NMIBC was 2.5 (95% CI 2.3- 2.9) and was 4.7 (95% CI 4.0- 5.6) for adults with MIBC. CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancer metastatic to the lung is more common in adults with MIBC compared to NMIBC. There are similar frequencies of synchronous second primary lung cancers regardless of initial bladder cancer stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Taylor
- Department of Urology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam B Weiner
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Binhuan Wang
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arjun V Balar
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary D Steinberg
- Department of Urology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard S Matulewicz
- Department of Urology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng G, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Försti A, Hemminki O, Hemminki K. Bladder and upper urinary tract cancers as first and second primary cancers. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1406. [PMID: 34114732 PMCID: PMC8714543 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous population‐based studies on second primary cancers (SPCs) in urothelial cancers have focused on known risk factors in bladder cancer patients without data on other urothelial sites of the renal pelvis or ureter. Aims To estimate sex‐specific risks for any SPCs after urothelial cancers, and in reverse order, for urothelial cancers as SPCs after any cancer. Such two‐way analysis may help interpret the results. Methods We employed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to estimate bidirectional relative risks of subsequent cancer associated with urothelial cancers. Patient data were obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry from years 1990 through 2015. Results We identified 46 234 urinary bladder cancers (75% male), 940 ureteral cancers (60% male), and 2410 renal pelvic cancers (57% male). After male bladder cancer, SIRs significantly increased for 9 SPCs, most for ureteral (SIR 41.9) and renal pelvic (17.2) cancers. In the reversed order (bladder cancer as SPC), 10 individual FPCs were associated with an increased risk; highest associations were noted after renal pelvic (21.0) and ureteral (20.9) cancers. After female bladder cancer, SIRs of four SPCs were significantly increased, most for ureteral (87.8) and pelvic (35.7) cancers. Female bladder, ureteral, and pelvic cancers associated are with endometrial cancer. Conclusions The risks of recurrent urothelial cancers were very high, and, at most sites, female risks were twice over the male risks. Risks persisted often to follow‐up periods of >5 years, motivating an extended patient follow‐up. Lynch syndrome‐related cancers were associated with particularly female urothelial cancers, calling for clinical vigilance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiao Zheng
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan
| | - Asta Försti
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Otto Hemminki
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwon WA, Joung JY, Lim J, Oh CM, Jung KW, Kim SH, Seo HK, Park WS, Chung J, Lee KH, Won YJ. Risk of second primary Cancer among bladder Cancer patients: a population-based cohort study in Korea. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:617. [PMID: 29855390 PMCID: PMC5984459 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the expanding population of bladder cancer survivors in Korea, the development of subsequent cancers is a significant concern. Here, we provide the second primary cancer incidence rates and types in Korean patients with bladder cancer. METHODS Using population-based data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry from 1993 to 2013, we studied the standardized incidence ratios among 48,875 individuals with an initial diagnosis of bladder cancer. Standardized incidence ratios for second primary cancers were evaluated according to age at diagnosis, latency, diagnostic year, and treatment. RESULTS Over the same period, the overall risk of a second primary cancer was reduced by 6% in patients with bladder cancer compared with the development of a new malignancy in the general population (standardized incidence ratio = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97, p < 0.05). For specific cancers, the standardized incidence ratios for stomach, colon, liver, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma were significantly lower in patients with bladder cancer. However, the risk of prostate and kidney cancer in patients with bladder cancer were significantly increased. The risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma as second primary cancers was significantly elevated in patients with bladder cancer. CONCLUSION Korean patients with bladder cancer have a 6% lower risk of developing a second primary cancer. However, they have a higher risk of developing subsequent prostate and kidney cancers, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma, suggesting the need for continual intensive cancer surveillance among bladder cancer survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whi-An Kwon
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Weon Seo Park
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Center for Prostate Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Won
- Cancer Registration and Statistics Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gass B, Marrer E, Bara S, Ligier K, Molinié F, Colonna M, Daubisse-Marliac L, Trétarre B, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Woronoff AS, Guizard AV, Bouvier V, Troussard X, Gaiddon C, Klein D, Velten M, Jégu J. Use of a case-mix approach to study the trends in the incidence of second primary cancers. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:322-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Ye Y, Neil AL, Wills KE, Venn AJ. Temporal trends in the risk of developing multiple primary cancers: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:849. [PMID: 27814758 PMCID: PMC5097442 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer survivors are at risk of developing second and subsequent primary cancers, referred to as multiple primary cancers (MPCs). It is not clear whether the risk of MPCs has increased over recent decades, but increasing use of radiological imaging and potentially harmful effects of certain cancer treatments raise this possibility. A systematic review was undertaken to assess whether there has been a temporal change in the risk of developing MPCs. Methods A systematic search to identify population-based studies of MPCs was performed in Medline/PubMed and Embase databases from inception to August 2016. Included studies were those reporting risk of MPCs for all sites combined following a first cancer at any site or a specific site, using standard incidence ratios (SIRs) or equivalent, and with analysis stratified by calendar years. Results We identified 28 articles eligible for inclusion, comprising 26 population-based studies and two monographs. MPC incidence was reported in nearly 6.5 million cancer survivors. For all first cancer sites combined, a higher rate of MPCs was reported in more recent than earlier calendar periods in four of the six relevant studies. The SIRs ranged from 1.14 for a first cancer diagnosis in the early 1980s to 1.21–1.46 in the late 1990s in the USA and Australia. Two studies from Italy and France showed no significant difference in SIRs across time periods 1978–2010 and 1989–2004. The remaining 22 studies reported various temporal trends in the risk of developing MPCs after a first cancer at a specific site, but most showed little change. Conclusion Overall, the risk of developing MPCs appears to have increased since the 1980s when considering studies of all primary cancer sites combined from the USA and Australia but not from Europe. With the introduction of more routine nuclear medical imaging over the last 15 years, more studies are needed to confirm recent trends of MPC risk in adult cancer survivors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2876-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzi Ye
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Univeristy of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Amanda L Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Univeristy of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Karen E Wills
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Univeristy of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Univeristy of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dasgupta P. The adverse effects of smoking. BJU Int 2016; 118:669. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Lotan Y. Analysis of genetics to identify susceptibility to secondary malignancies in patients with bladder cancer. BJU Int 2016; 118:12-3. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology; UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; Dallas TX USA
| |
Collapse
|