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Lansky S, Betancourt JM, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Kim ED, Paknejad N, Nimigean CM, Yuan P, Scheuring S. A pentameric TRPV3 channel with a dilated pore. Nature 2023; 621:206-214. [PMID: 37648856 PMCID: PMC10584365 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large, eukaryotic ion channel superfamily that control diverse physiological functions, and therefore are attractive drug targets1-5. More than 210 structures from more than 20 different TRP channels have been determined, and all are tetramers4. Despite this wealth of structures, many aspects concerning TRPV channels remain poorly understood, including the pore-dilation phenomenon, whereby prolonged activation leads to increased conductance, permeability to large ions and loss of rectification6,7. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to analyse membrane-embedded TRPV3 at the single-molecule level and discovered a pentameric state. HS-AFM dynamic imaging revealed transience and reversibility of the pentamer in dynamic equilibrium with the canonical tetramer through membrane diffusive protomer exchange. The pentamer population increased upon diphenylboronic anhydride (DPBA) addition, an agonist that has been shown to induce TRPV3 pore dilation. On the basis of these findings, we designed a protein production and data analysis pipeline that resulted in a cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the TRPV3 pentamer, showing an enlarged pore compared to the tetramer. The slow kinetics to enter and exit the pentameric state, the increased pentamer formation upon DPBA addition and the enlarged pore indicate that the pentamer represents the structural correlate of pore dilation. We thus show membrane diffusive protomer exchange as an additional mechanism for structural changes and conformational variability. Overall, we provide structural evidence for a non-canonical pentameric TRP-channel assembly, laying the foundation for new directions in TRP channel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifra Lansky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Michael Betancourt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yining Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navid Paknejad
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Crina M Nimigean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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TRPV3: Structure, Diseases and Modulators. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020774. [PMID: 36677834 PMCID: PMC9865980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanillin 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily. As a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel, TRPV3 can recognize thermal stimulation (31-39 °C), and it plays an important regulatory role in temperature perception, pain transduction, skin physiology, inflammation, cancer and other diseases. TRPV3 is not only activated by the changes in the temperature, but it also can be activated by a variety of chemical and physical stimuli. Selective TRPV3 agonists and antagonists with regulatory effects and the physiological functions for clinical application are highly demanded. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of TRPV3, but there is still a lack of modulators with a strong affinity and excellent selectivity. This paper reviews the functional characteristics of TRPV3 in terms of the structure, diseases and the research on TRPV3 modulators.
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Maier M, Olthoff S, Hill K, Zosel C, Magauer T, Wein LA, Schaefer M. KS0365, a novel activator of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channel, accelerates keratinocyte migration. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:5290-5304. [PMID: 35916168 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ca2+ signalling mediated by the thermosensitive, non-selective, Ca2+ -permeable transient receptor potential channel TRPV3 is assumed to play a critical role in regulating several aspects of skin functions, such as keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, skin barrier formation and wound healing. Studying the function of TRPV3 in skin homeostasis, however, is still constrained by a lack of potent and selective pharmacological modulators of TRPV3. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH By screening an in-house compound library using fluorometric intracellular Ca2+ assays, we identified two chemically related hits. The more potent and efficient TRPV3 activator KS0365 was further evaluated in fluo-4-assisted Ca2+ assays, different Ca2+ imaging approaches, electrophysiological studies, cytotoxicity and migration assays. KEY RESULTS KS0365 activated recombinant and native mouse TRPV3 more potently and with a higher efficacy compared to 2-APB and did not activate TRPV1, TRPV2 or TRPV4 channels. The activation of TRPV3 by KS0365 super-additively accelerated the EGF-induced keratinocyte migration, which was inhibited by the TRP channel blocker ruthenium red or by siRNA-mediated TRPV3 knockdown. Moreover, KS0365 induced strong Ca2+ responses in migrating front cells and in leading edges of keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The selective TRPV3 activator KS0365 triggers increases in [Ca2+ ]i with most prominent signals in the leading edge, and accelerates migration of keratinocytes. TRPV3 activators may promote reepithelialization upon skin wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Maier
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Olthoff
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hill
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carolin Zosel
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Anton Wein
- Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Leipzig University, Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig, Germany
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Weng HJ, Pham QTT, Chang CW, Tsai TF. Druggable Targets and Compounds with Both Antinociceptive and Antipruritic Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070892. [PMID: 35890193 PMCID: PMC9318852 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and itch are both important manifestations of various disorders, such as herpes zoster, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Growing evidence suggests that both sensations have shared mediators, overlapping neural circuitry, and similarities in sensitization processes. In fact, pain and itch coexist in some disorders. Determining pharmaceutical agents and targets for treating pain and itch concurrently is of scientific and clinical relevance. Here we review the neurobiology of pain and itch and discuss the pharmaceutical targets as well as novel compounds effective for the concurrent treatment of these sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jui Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Quoc Thao Trang Pham
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Bischof M, Olthoff S, Glas C, Thorn-Seshold O, Schaefer M, Hill K. TRPV3 endogenously expressed in murine colonic epithelial cells is inhibited by the novel TRPV3 blocker 26E01. Cell Calcium 2020; 92:102310. [PMID: 33161279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TRPV3 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel, prominently expressed by keratinocytes where it contributes to maintaining the skin barrier, skin regeneration, and keratinocyte differentiation. However, much less is known about its physiological function in other tissues and there is still a need for identifying novel and efficient TRPV3 channel blockers. By screening a compound library, we identified 26E01 as a novel TRPV3 blocker. 26E01 blocks heterologously expressed TRPV3 channels overexpressed in HEK293 cells as assessed by fluorometric intracellular free Ca2+ assays (IC50 = 8.6 μM) but does not affect TRPV1, TRPV2 or TRPV4 channels. Electrophysiological whole-cell recordings confirmed the reversible block of TRPV3 currents by 26E01, which was also effective in excised inside-out patches, hinting to a rather direct mode of action. 26E01 suppresses endogenous TRPV3 currents in the mouse 308 keratinocyte cell line and in the human DLD-1 colon carcinoma cell line (IC50 = 12 μM). In sections of the gastrointestinal epithelium of mice, the expression of TRPV3 mRNA follows a gradient along the gastrointestinal tract, with the highest expression in the distal colon. 26E01 efficiently attenuates 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate-induced calcium influx in primary colonic epithelial cells isolated from the distal colon. As 26E01 neither shows toxic effects on DLD-1 cells at concentrations of up to 100 μM in MTT assays nor on mouse primary colonic crypts as assessed by calcein-AM/propidium iodide co-staining, it may serve as a useful tool to further study the physiological function of TRPV3 in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bischof
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Olthoff
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carina Glas
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Thorn-Seshold
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hill
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 is the first line defense protecting from acute non damaging heat: a translational approach. J Transl Med 2020; 18:28. [PMID: 31952468 PMCID: PMC6966804 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pain is the vital sense preventing tissue damage by harmful noxious stimuli. The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 is activated by noxious temperatures, however, acute heat pain is only marginally affected in mice after TRPV1 knockout but completely eliminated in mice lacking TRPV1 positive fibers. Exploring contribution of candidate signal transduction mechanisms to heat pain in humans needs translational models. Methods We used focused, non-damaging, short near-infrared laser heat stimuli (wavelength 1470/1475 nm) to study the involvement of TRPV1-expressing nerve fibers in the encoding of heat pain intensity. Human psychophysics (both sexes) were compared to calcium transients in native rat DRG neurons and heterologously expressing HEK293 cells. Results Heating of dermal and epidermal nerve fibers in humans with laser stimuli of ≥ 2.5 mJ (≥ 25 ms, 100 mW) induced pain that increased linearly as a function of stimulus intensity in double logarithmic space across two orders of magnitude and was completely abolished by desensitization using topical capsaicin. In DRG neurons and TRPV1-expressing HEK cells, heat sensitivity was restricted to capsaicin sensitive cells. Strength duration curves (2–10 ms range) and thresholds (DRGs 0.56 mJ, HEK cells 0.52 mJ) were nearly identical. Tachyphylaxis upon repetitive stimulation occurred in HEK cells (54%), DRGs (59%), and humans (25%). Conclusion TRPV1-expressing nociceptors encode transient non-damaging heat pain in humans, thermal gating of TRPV1 is similar in HEK cells and DRG neurons, and TRPV1 tachyphylaxis is an important modulator of heat pain sensitivity. These findings suggest that TRPV1 expressed in dermal and epidermal populations of nociceptors serves as first line defense against heat injury.
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Abstract
A large series of different ion channels have been identified and investigated as potential targets for new medicines for the treatment of a variety of human diseases, including pain. Among these channels, the voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) are inhibited by drugs for the treatment of migraine, neuropathic pain or intractable pain. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are emerging as important pain transducers as they sense low pH media or oxidative stress and other mediators and are abundantly found at sites of inflammation or tissue injury. Low pH may also activate acid sensing ion channels (ASIC) and mechanical forces stimulate the PIEZO channels. While potent agonists of TRP channels due to their desensitizing action on pain transmission are used as topical applications, the potential of TRP antagonists as pain therapeutics remains an exciting field of investigation. The study of ASIC or PIEZO channels in pain signaling is in an early stage, whereas antagonism of the purinergic P2X3 channels has been reported to provide beneficial effects in chronic intractable cough. The present chapter covers these intriguing channels in great detail, highlighting their diverse mechanisms and broad potential for therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Logu
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Moran MM, Szallasi A. Targeting nociceptive transient receptor potential channels to treat chronic pain: current state of the field. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2185-2203. [PMID: 28924972 PMCID: PMC5980611 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of chronic pain is frequently inadequate and/or associated with intolerable adverse effects, prompting a frantic search for new therapeutics and new therapeutic targets. Nearly two decades of preclinical and clinical research supports the involvement of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in temperature perception, nociception and sensitization. Although there has been considerable excitement around the therapeutic potential of this channel family since the cloning and identification of TRPV1 cation channels as the capsaicin receptor more than 20 years ago, only modulators of a few channels have been tested clinically. TRPV1 channel antagonists have suffered from side effects related to the channel's role in temperature sensation; however, high dose formulations of capsaicin have reached the market and shown therapeutic utility. A number of potent, small molecule antagonists of TRPA1 channels have recently advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and TRPM8 antagonists are following closely behind for cold allodynia. TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM2 and TRPM3 channels have also been of significant interest. This review discusses the preclinical promise and status of novel analgesic agents that target TRP channels and the challenges that these compounds may face in development and clinical practice. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Recent Advances in Targeting Ion Channels to Treat Chronic Pain. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpad Szallasi
- Clinical LaboratoriesBaptist Medical CenterJacksonvilleFLUSA
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10
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Spyra S, Meisner A, Schaefer M, Hill K. COX-2-selective inhibitors celecoxib and deracoxib modulate transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 channels. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2696-2705. [PMID: 28567799 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) channel is a heat-sensitive ion channel, which is predominantly expressed in keratinocytes. TRPV3 channels are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes within the skin, including cutaneous nociception, temperature sensation and development of itch. The role of TRPV3 channels in such processes is poorly understood; therefore, the establishment of selective modulators of TRPV3 channels is highly desirable. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Novel TRPV3-modulating compounds were identified using fluorometric intracellular Ca2+ assays and further evaluated with electrophysiological techniques. KEY RESULTS TRPV3 activity, elicited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), was efficaciously enhanced by deracoxib and celecoxib, two COX-2-selective inhibitors. They exerted their potentiating effect via a direct interaction with TRPV3 as evident from excised inside-out recordings. Structurally-related COX-2 inhibitors affected TRPV3 channel gating to a much lesser degree. Similar results were obtained in HEK293 cells stably expressing cyan fluorescent protein-tagged mouse TRPV3 channels and in a mouse keratinocyte cell line, endogenously expressing TRPV3. The effects of celecoxib and deracoxib on TRPV3 were dependent on the stimulus used to activate TRPV3. While 2-APB and heat-activated TRPV3 channels were potentiated by celecoxib, carvacrol-activated channels were inhibited by celecoxib. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We identified a new class of drugs that modulate TRPV3 channels. The most potent compound celecoxib is an approved analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug, which is currently being investigated for its topical application in the treatment of skin cancer. As TRPV3 is highly expressed in skin, celecoxib might affect TRPV3 activity in vivo when used at high local concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Spyra
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Meisner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hill
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Ciardo MG, Ferrer-Montiel A. Lipids as central modulators of sensory TRP channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1615-1628. [PMID: 28432033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family is involved in a diversity of physiological processes including sensory and homeostatic functions, as well as muscle contraction and vasomotor control. Their dysfunction contributes to the etiology of several diseases, being validated as therapeutic targets. These ion channels may be activated by physical or chemical stimuli and their function is highly influenced by signaling molecules activated by extracellular signals. Notably, as integral membrane proteins, lipid molecules also modulate their membrane location and function either by direct interaction with the channel structure or by modulating the physico-chemical properties of the cellular membrane. This lipid-based modulatory effect is being considered an alternative and promising approach to regulate TRP channel dysfunction in diseases. Here, we review the current progress in this exciting field highlighting a complex channel regulation by a large diversity of lipid molecules and suggesting some diseases that may benefit from a membrane lipid therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Av. De la Universidad s/n, Elche, Spain.
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Broad LM, Mogg AJ, Eberle E, Tolley M, Li DL, Knopp KL. TRPV3 in Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:E55. [PMID: 27618069 PMCID: PMC5039508 DOI: 10.3390/ph9030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) super-family. It is a relatively underexplored member of the thermo-TRP sub-family (Figure 1), however, genetic mutations and use of gene knock-outs and selective pharmacological tools are helping to provide insights into its role and therapeutic potential. TRPV3 is highly expressed in skin, where it is implicated in skin physiology and pathophysiology, thermo-sensing and nociception. Gain of function TRPV3 mutations in rodent and man have enabled the role of TRPV3 in skin health and disease to be particularly well defined. Pre-clinical studies provide some rationale to support development of TRPV3 antagonists for therapeutic application for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions, itch and pain. However, to date, only one compound directed towards block of the TRPV3 receptor (GRC15300) has progressed into clinical trials. Currently, there are no known clinical trials in progress employing a TRPV3 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Broad
- Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK.
| | - Adrian J Mogg
- Lilly Research Centre, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Eberle
- Covance Greenfield Laboratories, Greenfield, Indianapolis, IN 46140, USA.
| | - Marcia Tolley
- Covance Greenfield Laboratories, Greenfield, Indianapolis, IN 46140, USA.
| | - Dominic L Li
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | - Kelly L Knopp
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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Murphy TV, Kanagarajah A, Toemoe S, Bertrand PP, Grayson TH, Britton FC, Leader L, Senadheera S, Sandow SL. TRPV3 expression and vasodilator function in isolated uterine radial arteries from non-pregnant and pregnant rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 83:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rosendahl J, Braun HS, Schrapers KT, Martens H, Stumpff F. Evidence for the functional involvement of members of the TRP channel family in the uptake of Na(+) and NH4 (+) by the ruminal epithelium. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1333-52. [PMID: 27184746 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of protein are degraded in the fermentative parts of the gut to ammonia, which is absorbed, detoxified to urea, and excreted, leading to formation of nitrogenous compounds such as N2O that are associated with global warming. In ruminants, channel-mediated uptake of NH4 (+) from the rumen predominates. The molecular identity of these channels remains to be clarified. Ruminal cells and epithelia from cows and sheep were investigated using patch clamp, Ussing chamber, microelectrode techniques, and qPCR. In patch clamp experiments, bovine ruminal epithelial cells expressed a conductance for NH4 (+) that could be blocked in a voltage-dependent manner by divalent cations. In the native epithelium, NH4 (+) depolarized the apical potential, acidified the cytosol and induced a rise in short-circuit current (I sc) that persisted after the removal of Na(+), was blocked by verapamil, enhanced by the removal of divalent cations, and was sensitive to certain transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulators. Menthol or thymol stimulated the I sc in Na(+) or NH4 (+) containing solutions in a dose-dependent manner and modulated transepithelial Ca(2+) fluxes. On the level of messenger RNA (mRNA), ovine and bovine ruminal epithelium expressed TRPA1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM6, and TRPM7, with any expression of TRPV6 marginal. No bands were detected for TRPV1, TRPV5, or TRPM8. Functional and molecular biological data suggest that the transport of NH4 (+), Na(+), and Ca(2+) across the rumen involves TRP channels, with TRPV3 and TRPA1 emerging as prime candidate genes. TRP channels may also contribute to the transport of NH4 (+) across other epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rosendahl
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah S Braun
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina T Schrapers
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Tóth BI, Oláh A, Szöllősi AG, Bíró T. TRP channels in the skin. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2568-81. [PMID: 24372189 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels not only act as 'polymodal cellular sensors' on sensory neurons but are also functionally expressed by a multitude of non-neuronal cell types. This is especially true in the skin, one of the largest organs of the body, where they appear to be critically involved in regulating various cutaneous functions both under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this review, we focus on introducing the roles of several cutaneous TRP channels in the regulation of the skin barrier, skin cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune functions. Moreover, we also describe the putative involvement of several TRP channels in the development of certain skin diseases and identify future TRP channel-targeted therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs I Tóth
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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16
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Abstract
This themed issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology contains review and research articles on recent advances in transient receptor potential (TRP) channel pharmacology. The review articles, written by a panel of distinguished experts, address the rapid progress in TRP channel research in fields as diverse as oncology, urology, dermatology, migraine, inflammation and pain. These reviews are complemented by original research reports focusing, among others, on the emerging roles of TRPV1 in osteoporosis and cystitis and on evodiamine as a lead structure for the development of potent TRPV1 agonists/desensitizers. Other papers highlight the differences in TRPV3 pharmacology between recombinant and native systems, the mechanisms of TRPM3 activation/inhibition and TRPP2 as a target of naringenin, a dietary flavonoid with anticancer actions. New therapeutic opportunities in pain may arise from the strategy to combine TRP channel and cell membrane impermeant sodium channel blockers to inhibit sensory nerve activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Holzer
- Research Unit of Translational Neurogastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Khajavi N, Reinach PS, Slavi N, Skrzypski M, Lucius A, Strauß O, Köhrle J, Mergler S. Thyronamine induces TRPM8 channel activation in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2014; 27:315-25. [PMID: 25460045 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM), an endogenous thyroid hormone (TH) metabolite, induces numerous responses including a spontaneously reversible body temperature decline. As such an effect is associated in the eye with increases in basal tear flow and thermosensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel activation, we determined in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA-NHC) if T1AM also acts as a cooling agent to directly affect TRPM8 activation at a constant temperature. RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) along with immunocytochemistry probed for TRPM8 gene and protein expression whereas functional activity was evaluated by comparing the effects of T1AM with those of TRPM8 mediators on intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) and whole-cell currents. TRPM8 gene and protein expression was evident and icilin (20μM), a TRPM8 agonist, increased Ca(2+) influx as well as whole-cell currents whereas BCTC (10μM), a TRPM8 antagonist, suppressed these effects. Similarly, either temperature lowering below 23°C or T1AM (1μM) induced Ca(2+) transients that were blocked by this antagonist. TRPM8 activation by both 1µM T1AM and 20μM icilin prevented capsaicin (CAP) (20μM) from inducing increases in Ca(2+) influx through TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation, whereas BCTC did not block this response. CAP (20μM) induced a 2.5-fold increase in IL-6 release whereas during exposure to 20μM capsazepine this rise was completely blocked. Similarly, T1AM (1μM) prevented this response. Taken together, T1AM like icilin is a cooling agent since they both directly elicit TRPM8 activation at a constant temperature. Moreover, there is an inverse association between changes in TRPM8 and TRPV1 activity since these cooling agents blocked both CAP-induced TRPV1 activation and downstream rises in IL-6 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushafarin Khajavi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter S Reinach
- Biological Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY 10036, USA; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China
| | - Nefeli Slavi
- Biological Sciences, SUNY College of Optometry, New York, NY 10036, USA
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alexander Lucius
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Strauß
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mergler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Abstract
Drug-like compounds that exert biological activity towards TRP channels are either being used as cell biological tools or further developed into pharmacological lead structures aiming at therapeutic use in diseased states. Although drug-likeliness is not easy to predict, common rules include a relatively low molecular weight, physicochemical constraints, and the absence of known reactive or otherwise toxic groups. Small molecules that exert a biological activity to block, activate, or modulate TRP channels are intensely sought. Such tool compounds may be useful to assign native currents to a certain TRP channel and to validate the channel as a candidate target for future pharmacological intervention. Depending on the TRP channel isotype, these activities have reached different levels, with only few TRP channels modulators already being clinically tested in humans, whereas other compounds only underwent a preliminary validation. For some TRP channels, reliable low molecular weight inhibitors are not yet available. Hence, further efforts need to be undertaken in order to explore the physiological impact and possible therapeutic potential of TRP channel targeting with drug-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany,
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