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Coppi E, Cherchi F, Sarchielli E, Fusco I, Guarnieri G, Gallina P, Corradetti R, Pedata F, Vannelli GB, Pugliese AM, Morelli A. Acetylcholine modulates K + and Na + currents in human basal forebrain cholinergic neuroblasts through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1182-1195. [PMID: 33030215 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert (NBM) is the main source of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain to be crucially involved in cognitive functions and whose degeneration correlates with cognitive decline in major degenerative pathologies as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, knowledge concerning NBM neurons derived from human brain is very limited to date. We recently characterized a primary culture of proliferating neuroblasts isolated from the human fetal NBM (hfNBM) as immature cholinergic neurons expressing the machinery to synthetize and release acetylcholine. Here we studied in detail electrophysiological features and cholinergic effects in this cell culture by patch-clamp recordings. Our data demonstrate that atropine-blocked muscarinic receptor activation by acetylcholine or carbachol enhanced IK and reduced INa currents by stimulating Gi -coupled M2 or phospholipase C-coupled M3 receptors, respectively. Inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity by neostigmine unveiled a spontaneous acetylcholine release from hfNBM neuroblasts that might account for an autocrine/paracrine signaling during human brain development. Present data provide the first description of cholinergic effects in human NBM neurons and point to a role of acetylcholine as an autocrine/paracrine modulator of voltage-dependent channels. Our research could be of relevance in understanding the mechanisms of cholinergic system development and functions in the human brain, either in health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Cherchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarnieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Renato Corradetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Gabriella B Vannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Firenze, Italy
| | - Annamaria Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Lang RJ, Hashitani H. Pacemaker Mechanisms Driving Pyeloureteric Peristalsis: Modulatory Role of Interstitial Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1124:77-101. [PMID: 31183823 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-5895-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The peristaltic pressure waves in the renal pelvis that propel urine expressed by the kidney into the ureter towards the bladder have long been considered to be 'myogenic', being little affected by blockers of nerve conduction or autonomic neurotransmission, but sustained by the intrinsic release of prostaglandins and sensory neurotransmitters. In uni-papilla mammals, the funnel-shaped renal pelvis consists of a lumen-forming urothelium and a stromal layer enveloped by a plexus of 'typical' smooth muscle cells (TSMCs), in multi-papillae kidneys a number of minor and major calyces fuse into a large renal pelvis. Electron microscopic, electrophysiological and Ca2+ imaging studies have established that the pacemaker cells driving pyeloureteric peristalsis are likely to be morphologically distinct 'atypical' smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) that fire Ca2+ transients and spontaneous transient depolarizations (STDs) which trigger propagating nifedipine-sensitive action potentials and Ca2+ waves in the TSMC layer. In uni-calyceal kidneys, ASMCs predominately locate on the serosal surface of the proximal renal pelvis while in multi-papillae kidneys they locate within the sub-urothelial space. 'Fibroblast-like' interstitial cells (ICs) located in the sub-urothelial space or adventitia are a mixed population of cells, having regional and species-dependent expression of various Cl-, K+, Ca2+ and cationic channels. ICs display asynchronous Ca2+ transients that periodically synchronize into bursts that accelerate ASMC Ca2+ transient firing. This review presents current knowledge of the architecture of the proximal renal pelvis, the role Ca2+ plays in renal pelvis peristalsis and the mechanisms by which ICs may sustain/accelerate ASMC pacemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Lang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Hashitani H, Nguyen MJ, Noda H, Mitsui R, Higashi R, Ohta K, Nakamura KI, Lang RJ. Interstitial cell modulation of pyeloureteric peristalsis in the mouse renal pelvis examined using FIBSEM tomography and calcium indicators. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:797-813. [PMID: 28054154 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Typical and atypical smooth muscle cells (TSMCs and ASMCs, respectively) and interstitial cells (ICs) within the pacemaker region of the mouse renal pelvis were examined using focused ion beam scanning electron (FIB SEM) tomography, immunohistochemistry and Ca2+ imaging. Individual cells within 500-900 electron micrograph stacks were volume rendered and associations with their neighbours established. 'Ribbon-shaped', Ano1 Cl- channel immuno-reactive ICs were present in the adventitia and the sub-urothelial space adjacent to the TSMC layer. ICs in the proximal renal pelvis were immuno-reactive to antibodies for CaV3.1 and hyperpolarization-activated cation nucleotide-gated isoform 3 (HCN3) channel sub-units, while basal-epithelial cells (BECs) were intensely immuno-reactive to Kv7.5 channel antibodies. Adventitial to the TSMC layer, ASMCs formed close appositions with TSMCs and ICs. The T-type Ca2+channel blocker, Ni2+ (10-200 μM), reduced the frequency while the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker (1 μM nifedipine) reduced the amplitude of propagating Ca2+ waves and contractions in the TSMC layer. Upon complete suppression of Ca2+ entry through TSMC Ca2+ channels, ASMCs displayed high-frequency (6 min-1) Ca2+ transients, and ICs distributed into two populations of cells firing at 1 and 3 min-1, respectively. IC Ca2+ transients periodically (every 3-5 min-1) summed into bursts which doubled the frequency of ASMC Ca2+ transient firing. Synchronized IC bursting and the acceleration of ASMC firing were inhibited upon blockade of HCN channels with ZD7288 or cell-to-cell coupling with carbenoxolone. While ASMCs appear to be the primary pacemaker driving pyeloureteric peristalsis, it was concluded that sub-urothelial HCN3(+), CaV3.1(+) ICs can accelerate ASMC Ca2+ signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Michael J Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Haruka Noda
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Higashi
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Richard J Lang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Nguyen M, Higashi R, Ohta K, Nakamura KI, Hashitani H, Lang R. Autonomic and sensory nerve modulation of peristalsis in the upper urinary tract. Auton Neurosci 2016; 200:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nguyen MJ, Hashitani H, Lang RJ. Angiotensin receptor-1A knockout leads to hydronephrosis not associated with a loss of pyeloureteric peristalsis in the mouse renal pelvis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:535-42. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Nguyen
- Department of Physiology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | - Richard J Lang
- Department of Physiology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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Koenen A, Steinbach A, Schaper K, Zimmermann U, Miehe B, Kurt B, Rettig R, Grisk O. Effects of renal denervation on renal pelvic contractions and connexin expression in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:240-53. [PMID: 26436542 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The renal pelvis shows spontaneous rhythmic contractile activity. We assessed to what extent this activity depends on renal innervation and studied the role of connexins in pelvic contractions. METHODS Rats underwent unilateral renal denervation or renal transplantation. Renal pelvic pressure and diuresis were measured in vivo. Spontaneous and agonist-induced contractions of isolated renal pelves were investigated by wire myography. Rat and human renal pelvic connexin mRNA abundances and connexin localization were studied by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence respectively. RESULTS Renal denervation or transplantation increased renal pelvic pressure in vivo by about 60 and 150%, respectively, but did not significantly affect pelvic contraction frequency. Under in vitro conditions, isolated pelvic preparations from innervated or denervated kidneys showed spontaneous contractions. Pelves from denervated kidneys showed about 50% higher contraction frequencies than pelves from innervated kidneys, whereas contraction force was similar in pelves from denervated and innervated kidneys. There was no denervation-induced supersensitivity to noradrenaline or endothelin-1. Renal denervation did not increase pelvic connexin37, 40, 43 or 45 mRNA abundances. Gap junction blockade had no effect on spontaneous pelvic contractile activity. CONCLUSIONS The denervation-induced effect on pelvic pressure may be the consequence of the enhanced diuresis. The mechanisms underlying the denervation-induced effects on pelvic contraction frequency remain unknown. Our data rule out a major role for two important candidates, by showing that renal denervation neither induced supersensitivity to contractile agonists nor increased connexin mRNA abundance in the pelvic wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Koenen
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
| | - A. Steinbach
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
| | - K. Schaper
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
| | - U. Zimmermann
- Department of Urology; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - B. Miehe
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology; University of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - B. Kurt
- Department of Physiology; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - R. Rettig
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
| | - O. Grisk
- Department of Physiology; University of Greifswald; Karlsburg Germany
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