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Jain A, Hakim S, Woolf CJ. Immune drivers of physiological and pathological pain. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221687. [PMID: 38607420 PMCID: PMC11010323 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Physiological pain serves as a warning of exposure to danger and prompts us to withdraw from noxious stimuli to prevent tissue damage. Pain can also alert us of an infection or organ dysfunction and aids in locating such malfunction. However, there are instances where pain is purely pathological, such as unresolved pain following an inflammation or injury to the nervous system, and this can be debilitating and persistent. We now appreciate that immune cells are integral to both physiological and pathological pain, and that pain, in consequence, is not strictly a neuronal phenomenon. Here, we discuss recent findings on how immune cells in the skin, nerve, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord interact with somatosensory neurons to mediate pain. We also discuss how both innate and adaptive immune cells, by releasing various ligands and mediators, contribute to the initiation, modulation, persistence, or resolution of various modalities of pain. Finally, we propose that the neuroimmune axis is an attractive target for pain treatment, but the challenges in objectively quantifying pain preclinically, variable sex differences in pain presentation, as well as adverse outcomes associated with immune system modulation, all need to be considered in the development of immunotherapies against pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Jain
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Hakim
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Masuoka T, Kiyoi T, Zheng S, He Q, Liu L, Uwada J, Muramatsu I. Corneal acetylcholine regulates sensory nerve activity via nicotinic receptors. Ocul Surf 2024; 32:60-70. [PMID: 38242319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensory nerve terminals are highly distributed in the cornea, and regulate ocular surface sensation and homeostasis in response to various endogenous and exogenous stimuli. However, little is known about mediators regulating the physiological and pathophysiological activities of corneal sensory nerves. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cholinergic regulation in sensory nerves in the cornea. METHODS Localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAChT) was evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. The synthesis and liberation of acetylcholine from the cornea were assessed using corneal segments pre-incubated with [3H]choline. The responsiveness of corneal neurons and nerves to cholinergic drugs was explored using calcium imaging with primary cultures of trigeminal ganglion neurons and extracellular recording from corneal preparations in guinea pigs. RESULTS ChAT, but not vAChT, was highly distributed in the corneal epithelium. In corneal segments, [3H] acetylcholine was synthesized from [3H]choline, and was also released in response to electrical stimuli. In cultured corneal neurons, the population sensitive to a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) agonist exhibited high probability of responding to nicotine in a calcium imaging experiment. The firing frequency of cold-sensitive corneal nerves was increased by the application of nicotine, but diminished by an α4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS The corneal epithelium can synthesize and release acetylcholine. Corneal acetylcholine can excite sensory nerves via nicotinic receptors containing the α4 subunit. Therefore, corneal acetylcholine may be one of the important regulators of corneal nerve activity arranging ocular surface condition and sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kiyoi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shijie Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Junsuke Uwada
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ikunobu Muramatsu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan; Division of Genomic Science and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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Zeng J, Lu Y, Chu H, Lu L, Chen Y, Ji K, Lin Y, Li J, Wang S. Research trends and frontier hotspots of TRPV1 based on bibliometric and visualization analyses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24153. [PMID: 38293347 PMCID: PMC10827456 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transient receptor potential vanilloid type1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel with multiple activation mechanisms, which has received increasing attention since it was first cloned in 1997. Methods We used bibliometric and visualization analyses to evaluate the theme trends and knowledge structure of TRPV1 research-papers on TRPV1 from 2002 to 2022 obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze authors, institutions, countries, co-cited references, and keywords. Results A total of 7413 papers were included. The main research area of TRPV1 was neuroscience; the most published country was the United States, and the University of California, San Francisco, had the highest centrality. Two major collaborative sub-networks were formed between the authors. The distribution of keywords shows that TRPV1 was initially studied extensively, and the recent studies focused on TRPV1 structure and diseases. "Oxidative stress," "TRPV1 structure," "cancer," and "model" have been the research hotspots in recent years. Conclusions This research provides valuable information for the study of TRPV1. Disease research was focused on pain, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Both agonists and antagonists of TRPV1 are gradually being used in clinical practice, and acupuncture was effective in treating TRPV1-mediated inflammatory pain. TRPV1 is involved in classical endogenous cannabis system signaling, and new signaling pathways continue to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Zeng
- Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqian Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liming Lu
- Clinical Research and Data Center, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuexuan Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaisong Ji
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeze Lin
- Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital//Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Govoni S, Fantucci P, Marchesi N, Vertemara J, Pascale A, Allegri M, Calvillo L, Vanoli E. N-Acetylcysteine Antagonizes NGF Activation of TrkA through Disulfide Bridge Interaction, an Effect Which May Contribute to Its Analgesic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:206. [PMID: 38203377 PMCID: PMC10778962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent and an antidote to acetaminophen intoxication, has been studied in experimental conditions and trials exploring its analgesic activity based on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate additional mechanisms, namely, the inhibition of nerve growth factor (NGF) and the activation of the Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) receptor, which is responsible for nociception. In silico studies were conducted to evaluate dithiothreitol and NAC's interaction with TrkA. We also measured the autophosphorylation of TrkA in SH-SY5Y cells via ELISA to assess NAC's in vitro activity against NGF-induced TrkA activation. The in silico and in vitro tests show that NAC interferes with NGF-induced TrkA activation. In particular, NAC breaks the disulfide-bound Cys 300-345 of TrkA, perturbing the NGF-TrkA interaction and producing a rearrangement of the binding site, inducing a consequent loss of their molecular recognition and spatial reorganization, which are necessary for the induction of the autophosphorylation process. The latter was inhibited by 40% using 20 mM NAC. These findings suggest that NAC could have a role as a TrkA antagonist, an action that may contribute to the activity and use of NAC in various pain states (acute, chronic, nociplastic) sustained by NGF hyperactivity and/or accompanied by spinal cord sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Piercarlo Fantucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Jacopo Vertemara
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (P.F.); (J.V.)
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Centre Lémanique de Neuromodulation et Thérapie de la Douleur, Hôpital de Morges, Ensemble Hospitalier de la Côte (EHC), 1110 Morges, Switzerland;
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 28824 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emilio Vanoli
- School of Nursing, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Liu Q, Li X, Zhu J, Sun B, Li S. TrkA inhibition alleviates bladder overactivity in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by targeting hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:701-707. [PMID: 37275761 PMCID: PMC10237166 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68528.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the potential of Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) for the treatment of interstitial cystitis/ bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Materials and Methods Sixty-four female rats were randomly assigned to the control and cyclophosphamide (CYP) groups. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was utilized to detect the mRNA level of TrkA. Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and TrkA. Immunostaining was used to detect the expression of TrkA in bladder sections. Contractility studies and urodynamic measurements were utilized to test the spontaneous contractions of detrusor muscle strips and the global bladder activity, respectively. Results Rat models of chronic cystitis were successfully established. The mRNA and protein levels of TrkA were significantly increased in the bladders of CYP-treated rats. Also, results of immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining showed that increased TrkA expression in the CYP group was mainly observed in the urothelium layer and bladder interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICC-LCs) but not in the detrusor smooth muscle cells. The specific inhibitor of TrkA, GW441756 (10 μM), significantly suppressed the robust spontaneous contractions of detrusor muscle strips in the CYP group and alleviated the overall bladder overactivity of CYP-treated rats. However, the inhibitory effects of GW441756 (10 μM) on the spontaneous contractions of detrusor muscle strips and the overall bladder activity were eliminated after pretreatments with the specific blocker of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, ZD7288 (50 μM). Conclusion Our results suggested that increased TrkA expression during chronic cystitis promotes the development of bladder overactivity by targeting the HCN channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Clinical Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingzhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bishao Sun
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shadan Li
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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Ramsay S, Keightley L, Brookes S, Zagorodnyuk V. TRPV1 and TRPM8 antagonists reduce cystitis-induced bladder hypersensitivity via inhibition of different sensitised classes of bladder afferents in guinea pigs. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 180:1482-1499. [PMID: 36549668 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interstitial cystitis (=painful bladder syndrome) is a chronic bladder syndrome characterised by pelvic and bladder pain, urinary frequency and urgency, and nocturia. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are an attractive target in reducing the pain associated with interstitial cystitis. The current study aims to determine the efficacy of combination of TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel inhibition in reducing the pain associated with experimental cystitis in guinea pigs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A novel animal model of non-ulcerative interstitial cystitis has been developed using protamine sulfate/zymosan in female guinea pigs. Continuous voiding cystometry was performed in conscious guinea pigs. Ex vivo "close-to-target" single unit extracellular recordings were made from fine branches of pelvic nerves entering the guinea pig bladder. Visceromotor responses in vivo were used to determine the effects of TRP channel antagonists on cystitis-induced bladder hypersensitivity. KEY RESULTS Protamine sulfate/zymosan treatment evoked mild inflammation in the bladder and increased micturition frequency in conscious animals. In cystitis, high threshold muscular afferents were sensitised via up-regulation of TRPV1 channels, high threshold muscular-mucosal afferents were sensitised via TRPM8 channels, and mucosal afferents by both. Visceromotor responses evoked by noxious bladder distension were significantly enhanced in cystitis and were returned to control levels upon administration of combination of low doses of TRPV1 and TRPM8 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The data demonstrate the therapeutic promises of combination of TRPV1 and TRPM8 antagonists for the treatment of bladder hypersensitivity in cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Ramsay
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Keightley
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Brookes
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vladimir Zagorodnyuk
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Shannonhouse J, Bernabucci M, Gomez R, Son H, Zhang Y, Ai CH, Ishida H, Kim YS. Meclizine and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonists Attenuate Severe Pain and Ca 2+ Activity of Primary Sensory Neurons in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6020-6037. [PMID: 35772967 PMCID: PMC9351649 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1064-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects ∼68% of patients undergoing chemotherapy, causing debilitating neuropathic pain and reducing quality of life. Cisplatin is a commonly used platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug known to cause CIPN, possibly by causing oxidative stress damage to primary sensory neurons. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are widely hypothesized to be involved in pain processing and pain mitigation. Meclizine is an H1 histamine receptor antagonist known to have neuroprotective effects, including an anti-oxidative effect. Here, we used a mouse model of cisplatin-induced CIPN using male and female mice to test agonists of mGluR8 and Group II mGluR as well as meclizine as interventions to reduce cisplatin-induced pain. We performed behavioral pain tests, and we imaged Ca2+ activity of the large population of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in vivo For the latter, we used a genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicator, Pirt-GCaMP3, which enabled us to monitor different drug interventions at the level of the intact DRG neuronal ensemble. We found that CIPN increased spontaneous Ca2+ activity in DRG neurons, increased number of Ca2+ transients, and increased hyper-responses to mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli. We found that mechanical and thermal pain caused by CIPN was significantly attenuated by the mGluR8 agonist, (S)-3,4-DCPG, the Group II mGluR agonist, LY379268, and the H1 histamine receptor antagonist, meclizine. DRG neuronal Ca2+ activity elevated by CIPN was attenuated by LY379268 and meclizine, but not by (S)-3,4-DCPG. Furthermore, meclizine and LY379268 attenuated cisplatin-induced weight loss. These results suggest that Group II mGluR agonist, mGluR8 agonist, and meclizine are promising candidates as new treatment options for CIPN, and studies of their mechanisms are warranted.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a painful condition that affects most chemotherapy patients and persists several months or longer after treatment ends. Research on CIPN mechanism is extensive but has produced only few clinically useful treatments. Using in vivo GCaMP Ca2+ imaging in live animals over 1800 neurons/dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at once, we have characterized the effects of the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin and three treatments that decrease CIPN pain. Cisplatin increases sensory neuronal Ca2+ activity and develops various sensitization. Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist, LY379268 or the H1 histamine receptor antagonist, meclizine decreases cisplatin's effects on neuronal Ca2+ activity and reduces pain hypersensitivity. Our results and experiments provide insights into cellular effects of cisplatin and drugs preventing CIPN pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Bernabucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Ruben Gomez
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Hyeonwi Son
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Chih-Hsuan Ai
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Hirotake Ishida
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
| | - Yu Shin Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry
- Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Translational Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Radiological Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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Awad-Igbaria Y, Dadon S, Shamir A, Livoff A, Shlapobersky M, Bornstein J, Palzur E. Characterization of Early Inflammatory Events Leading to Provoked Vulvodynia Development in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3901-3923. [PMID: 35845089 PMCID: PMC9286136 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s367193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Provoked vulvodynia (PV) is the main cause of vulvar pain and dyspareunia. The etiology of PV has not yet been elucidated. However, PV is associated with a history of recurrent inflammation, and its often accompanied by increases in the numbers of mast cells (MCs) and sensory hyperinnervation in the vulva. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role of MCs and the early inflammatory events in the development of chronic vulvar pain in a rat model of PV. Methods Mechanical and thermal vulvar sensitivity was measured for 5 months following zymosan vulvar challenges. Vulvar changes in glutamate and nerve growth factor (NGF) were analyzed using ELISA. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of the vulvar section after 20, 81, and 160 days of the zymosan challenge were performed to test MCs accumulation, hyperinnervation, and expression of pain channels (transient receptor potential vanilloid/ankyrin-1-TRPV1 & TRPA1) in vulvar neurons. Changes in the development of vulvar pain were evaluated following the administration of the MCs stabilizer ketotifen fumarate (KF) during zymosan vulvar challenges. Results Zymosan-challenged rats developed significant mechanical and thermal vulvar sensitivity that persisted for over 160 days after the zymosan challenge. During inflammation, increased local concentrations of NGF and glutamate and a robust increase in MCs degranulation were observed in zymosan-challenged rats. In addition, zymosan-challenged rats displayed sensory hyperinnervation and an increase in the expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1. Treatment with KF attenuated the upregulated level of NGF during inflammation, modulated the neuronal modifications, reduced MCs accumulation, and enhanced mechanical hypersensitivity after repeated inflammation challenges. Conclusion The present findings suggest that vulvar hypersensitivity is mediated by MCs accumulation, nerve growth, and neuromodulation of TRPV1 and TRPA1. Hence, KF treatment during the critical period of inflammation contributes to preventing chronic vulvar pain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Awad-Igbaria
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,The Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Shilo Dadon
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,The Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Alon Shamir
- Psychobiology Research Laboratory, Mazor Mental Health Center, Akko, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alejandro Livoff
- Pathology Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Mark Shlapobersky
- Pathology Department, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Jacob Bornstein
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,The Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Eilam Palzur
- The Research Institute of Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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Calcium Regulation on the Atrial Regional Difference of Collagen Production Activity in Atrial Fibrogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060686. [PMID: 34204537 PMCID: PMC8233809 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrosis plays an important role in the genesis of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The left atrium (LA) exhibits a higher level of fibrosis than the right atrium (RA) in heart failure and atrial arrhythmia. However, the mechanism for the high fibrogenic potential of the LA fibroblasts remains unclear. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling contributes to the pro-fibrotic activities of fibroblasts. This study investigated whether differences in Ca2+ homeostasis contribute to differential fibrogenesis in LA and RA fibroblasts. Methods: Ca2+ imaging, a patch clamp assay and Western blotting were performed in isolated rat LA and RA fibroblasts. Results: The LA fibroblasts exhibited a higher Ca2+ entry and gadolinium-sensitive current compared with the RA fibroblasts. The LA fibroblasts exhibited greater pro-collagen type I, type III, phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phosphorylated phospholipase C (PLC), stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 3 protein expression compared with RA fibroblasts. In the presence of 1 mmol/L ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA, Ca2+ chelator), the LA fibroblasts had similar pro-collagen type I, type III and phosphorylated CaMKII expression compared with RA fibroblasts. Moreover, in the presence of KN93 (a CaMKII inhibitor, 10 μmol/L), the LA fibroblasts had similar pro-collagen type I and type III compared with RA fibroblasts. Conclusion: The discrepancy of phosphorylated PLC signaling and gadolinium-sensitive Ca2+ channels in LA and RA fibroblasts induces different levels of Ca2+ influx, phosphorylated CaMKII expression and collagen production.
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10
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Masuoka T, Yamashita Y, Nakano K, Takechi K, Niimura T, Tawa M, He Q, Ishizawa K, Ishibashi T. Chronic Tear Deficiency Sensitizes Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1-Mediated Responses in Corneal Sensory Nerves. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:598678. [PMID: 33424555 PMCID: PMC7785588 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.598678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tear deficiency enhances the excitability of corneal cold-sensitive nerves that detect ocular dryness, which can lead to discomfort in patients with dry eye disease (DED). However, changes in corneal nerve excitations through the polymodal nociceptor “transient receptor potential vanilloid 1” (TRPV1) and the potential link between this receptor and symptoms of DED remain unclear. In this study, we examined the firing properties of corneal cold-sensitive nerves expressing TRPV1 and possible contributions of chronic tear deficiency to corneal nerve excitability by TRPV1 activation. The bilateral excision of lacrimal glands in guinea pigs decreased the tear volume and increased the frequency of spontaneous eyeblinks 1–4 weeks after surgery. An analysis of the firing properties of the cold-sensitive nerves was performed by single-unit recordings of corneal preparations 4 weeks after surgery in both the sham-operated and gland-excised groups. Perfusion of the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin (1 μM), transiently increased the firing frequency in approximately 46–48% of the cold-sensitive nerves characterized by low-background activity and high threshold (LB-HT) cold thermoreceptors in both groups. Gland excision significantly decreased the latency of capsaicin-induced firing in cold-sensitive nerves; however, its magnitude was unchanged. Calcium imaging of cultured trigeminal ganglion neurons from both groups showed that intracellular calcium elevation of corneal neurons induced by a low concentration of capsaicin (0.03 μM) was significantly larger in the gland excision group, regardless of responsiveness to cold. An immunohistochemical study of the trigeminal ganglion revealed that gland excision significantly increased the proportion of corneal neurons enclosed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunopositive satellite glial cells. Topical application of the TRPV1 antagonist, A784168 (30 μM), on the ocular surface attenuated eye-blink frequency after gland excision. Furthermore, gland excision enhanced blink behavior induced by a low concentration of capsaicin (0.1 μM). These results suggest that chronic tear deficiency sensitizes the TRPV1-mediated response in the corneal LB-HT cold thermoreceptors and cold-insensitive polymodal nociceptors, which may be linked to dry eye discomfort and hyperalgesia resulting from nociceptive stimuli in aqueous-deficient dry eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Kenshi Takechi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Drug Information Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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Masuoka T, Yamashita Y, Yoshida J, Nakano K, Tawa M, Nishio M, Ishibashi T. Sensitization of glutamate receptor-mediated pain behaviour via nerve growth factor-dependent phosphorylation of transient receptor potential V1 under inflammatory conditions. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4223-4241. [PMID: 32579702 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glutamate and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors on primary sensory neurons are crucial in modulating pain sensitivity. However, it is unclear how inflammation affects mGlu receptor-mediated nociceptive responses. We therefore investigated the effects of mGlu1/5 receptor agonists on pain-related behaviour during persistent inflammation and their underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of a mGlu1/5 receptor agonist on pain-related behaviour during inflammation was assessed in mice. Intracellular calcium responses, membrane current responses, and protein expression in primary sensory neurons were examined using cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, dissociated from wild-type and gene knockout mice. KEY RESULTS Persistent inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant increased the duration of mGlu1/5 receptor-mediated pain behaviour, which was antagonized by inhibition of nerve growth factor (NGF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) signalling. Calcium imaging revealed that NGF treatment increased the number of cultured DRG neurons responding to mGlu1/5 receptor activation. Stimulation of mGlu1/5 receptors in NGF-treated DRG neurons induced inward currents through TRPV1 channels in association with PLC but not with IP3 receptors. NGF treatment also increased the number of neurons responding to a DAG analogue via TRPV1 channel activation. Furthermore, NGF up-regulated expression of TRPV1 and A-kinase anchoring protein 5 (AKAP5), resulting in increased AKAP5-dependent TRPV1 phosphorylation. AKAP5 knockout mice did not exhibit mGlu1/5 receptor-mediated excitation in NGF-treated DRG neurons or pain response facilitation under inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NGF augments glutamate- and mGlu1/5 receptor-mediated excitation of nociceptive neurons by AKAP5-dependent phosphorylation of TRPV1 channels, potentiating hypersensitivity to glutamate in inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Neurophysiology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takaharu Ishibashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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