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Xing Z, Jiang X, Wu Y, Yu Z. Targeted Mevalonate Pathway and Autophagy in Antitumor Immunotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:890-909. [PMID: 38275055 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096273730231206054104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tumors of the digestive system are currently one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite considerable progress in tumor immunotherapy, the prognosis for most patients remains poor. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells attain immune escape through immune editing and acquire immune tolerance. The mevalonate pathway and autophagy play important roles in cancer biology, antitumor immunity, and regulation of the TME. In addition, there is metabolic crosstalk between the two pathways. However, their role in promoting immune tolerance in digestive system tumors has not previously been summarized. Therefore, this review focuses on the cancer biology of the mevalonate pathway and autophagy, the regulation of the TME, metabolic crosstalk between the pathways, and the evaluation of their efficacy as targeted inhibitors in clinical tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongrui Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangyan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
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2
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Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:265. [PMID: 35918332 PMCID: PMC9344793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, particularly the CVD in which the accumulation of lipids (mainly the cholesteryl esters) within macrophage/foam cells underneath the endothelial layer drives the formation of atherosclerotic lesions eventually. More and more studies have shown that lowering cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, protects cardiovascular system and prevents cardiovascular events effectively. Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is determined by cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, storage, utilization, and/or excretion. All the processes should be precisely controlled by the multiple regulatory pathways. Based on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, many interventions have been developed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake or enhancing cholesterol utilization and excretion. Herein, we summarize the historical review and research events, the current understandings of the molecular pathways playing key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and the cholesterol-lowering interventions in clinics or in preclinical studies as well as new cholesterol-lowering targets and their clinical advances. More importantly, we review and discuss the benefits of those interventions for the treatment of multiple diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Record M, Attia M, Carayon K, Pucheu L, Bunay J, Soulès R, Ayadi S, Payré B, Perrin‐Cocon L, Bourgailh F, Lamazière A, Lotteau V, Poirot M, Silvente‐Poirot S, de Medina P. Targeting the liver X receptor with dendrogenin A differentiates tumour cells to secrete immunogenic exosome-enriched vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12211. [PMID: 35411723 PMCID: PMC9001168 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells are characterized by having lost their differentiation state. They constitutively secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEV) called exosomes when they come from late endosomes. Dendrogenin A (DDA) is an endogenous tumour suppressor cholesterol‐derived metabolite. It is a new class of ligand of the nuclear Liver X receptors (LXR) which regulate cholesterol homeostasis and immunity. We hypothesized that DDA, which induces tumour cell differentiation, inhibition of tumour growth and immune cell infiltration into tumours, could functionally modify sEV secreted by tumour cells. Here, we have shown that DDA differentiates tumour cells by acting on the LXRβ. This results in an increased production of sEV (DDA‐sEV) which includes exosomes. The DDA‐sEV secreted from DDA‐treated cells were characterized for their content and activity in comparison to sEV secreted from control cells (C‐sEV). DDA‐sEV were enriched, relatively to C‐sEV, in several proteins and lipids such as differentiation antigens, “eat‐me” signals, lipidated LC3 and the endosomal phospholipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate, which stimulates dendritic cell maturation and a Th1 T lymphocyte polarization. Moreover, DDA‐sEV inhibited the growth of tumours implanted into immunocompetent mice compared to control conditions. This study reveals a pharmacological control through a nuclear receptor of exosome‐enriched tumour sEV secretion, composition and immune function. Targeting the LXR may be a novel way to reprogram tumour cells and sEV to stimulate immunity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Record
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Mehdi Attia
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Kevin Carayon
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Laly Pucheu
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Julio Bunay
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Régis Soulès
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Silia Ayadi
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Bruno Payré
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Laure Perrin‐Cocon
- Team “ VIRal InfectionMetabolism and ImmunityCIRICentre International de Recherche en InfectiologieUniv LyonInsermU1111Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSUMR5308ENS de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Florence Bourgailh
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la BiologieFaculté de Médecine RangueilToulouseFrance
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- Sorbonne UniversitéINSERMCentre de Recherche Saint‐AntoineCRSAAP‐HP.SUHôpital Saint AntoineDépartement de métabobolomique cliniqueParisFrance
| | - Vincent Lotteau
- Team “ VIRal InfectionMetabolism and ImmunityCIRICentre International de Recherche en InfectiologieUniv LyonInsermU1111Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSUMR5308ENS de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Marc Poirot
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Sandrine Silvente‐Poirot
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
| | - Philippe de Medina
- Team “Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations” Cancer Research Centre of Toulouse (CRCT)UMR 1037 INSERMUMR 5071 CNRSUniversité de Toulouse IIIEquipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le CancerFrench network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe network)France
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Yu R, Cheng L, Yang S, Liu Y, Zhu Z. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Serum Biomarkers for Pediatric Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848286. [PMID: 35371990 PMCID: PMC8970600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is the third most common malignant tumor among children. However, at initial NHL diagnosis, most cases are at an advanced stage because of nonspecific clinical manifestations and currently limited diagnostic methods. This study aimed to screen and verify potential serum biomarkers of pediatric NHL using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis. Serum protein expression profiles from children with B-NHL (n=20) and T-NHL (n=20) and healthy controls (n=20) were detected by utilizing iTRAQ in combination with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC–MS/MS) and analyzed by applying Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The candidate biomarkers S100A8 and LRG1 were further validated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on ELISA data was used to evaluate diagnostic efficacy. In total, 534 proteins were identified twice using iTRAQ combined with 2D LC–MS/MS. Further analysis identified 79 and 73 differentially expressed proteins in B-NHL and T-NHL serum, respectively, compared with control serum according to our defined criteria; 34 proteins were overexpressed and 45 proteins underexpressed in B-NHL, whereas 45 proteins were overexpressed and 28 proteins underexpressed in T-NHL (p < 0.05). IPA demonstrated a variety of signaling pathways, including acute phase response signaling and liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) activation, to be strongly associated with pediatric NHL. S100A8 and LRG1 were elevated in NHL patients compared to normal controls according to ELISA (p < 0.05), which was consistent with iTRAQ results. The areas under the ROC curves of S100A8, LRG1, and the combination of S100A8 and LRG1 were 0.873, 0.898 and 0.970, respectively. Our findings indicate that analysis of the serum proteome using iTRAQ combined with 2D LC–MS/MS is a feasible approach for biomarker discovery. Serum S100A8 and LRG1 are promising candidate biomarkers for pediatric NHL, and these differential proteins illustrate a novel pathogenesis and may be clinically helpful for NHL diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhong Yu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linna Cheng
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zunmin Zhu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Institute of Hematology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Key laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Pontini L, Palazzoli P, Maggioni D, Damiano G, Giorgi G, Russo V, Marinozzi M. In search for novel liver X receptors modulators by extending the structure-activity relationships of cholenamide derivatives. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 241:105151. [PMID: 34673009 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethyl 3β-hydroxychol-5-en-24-amide (DMHCA, 3) is the prototype of cholenamides, a class of steroidal LXR modulators characterized by the nucleus of Δ5-cholen-3β-ol and the presence of an amide moiety at C-24. DMHCA (3) has been reported to act as a gene-selective modulator able to fully induce ABCA1 expression whilst poorly up-regulate the expression of FASN and SREBP-1α genes. With the aim to widen the limited structure-activity relationships of DMHCA (3), herein we describe the synthesis and the biological evaluation of nine novel derivatives, resulting from a) the homologation of DMHCA's side-chain to give N,N-dimethyl 3β-hydroxy-24a-homochol-5-en-24a-amide (4); b) the distal branching of the side-chain of 3 and 4 by introducing an ethyl group at C-23 and C-24, respectively; c) the replacement of the dimethyl amide moiety of all the derivatives with a carboxylic acid function. While broadening the structure-activity relationships of the class of cholenamides, we were successful in the discovery of (24R)-N,N-dimethyl-24-ethyl-3β-hydroxy-24a-homochol-5-en-24a-amide (6) as a novel LXR agonist with improved profile in term of selective gene modulation respect to the prototype DMHCA (3); indeed, 6 was able to up-regulate the expression of ABCA1 more than DMHCA (3), without to induce SREBP-1c, differently from DMHCA (3). Moreover, 6 induced the expression of FASN less than 3 and interestingly was a negative modulator towards SCD1 in contrast to DMHCA (3), which instead weakly induced the expression of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pontini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Palazzoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Maggioni
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damiano
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Immuno-Biotherapy of Melanoma and Solid Tumors Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Marinozzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nixon
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruth Andrew
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Kloudova-Spalenkova A, Holy P, Soucek P. Oxysterols in cancer management: From therapy to biomarkers. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3235-3247. [PMID: 32986851 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, both endogenous and exogenous. They have been implicated in numerous pathologies, including cancer. In addition to their roles in carcinogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and multiple signalling pathways, they have been shown to modulate cancer therapy. They are known to affect therapy of hormonally positive breast cancer through modulating oestrogen receptor activity. Oxysterols have also been shown in various in vitro models to influence efficacy of chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin, vincristine, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and others. Their effects on the immune system should also be considered in immunotherapy. Selective anti-cancer cytotoxic properties of some oxysterols make them candidates for new therapeutic molecules. Finally, differences in oxysterol levels in blood of cancer patients in different stages or versus healthy controls, and in tumour versus non-tumour tissues, show potential of oxysterols as biomarkers for cancer management and patient stratification for optimization of therapy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Kloudova-Spalenkova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holy
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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