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Erden L, Sundarakrishnan A, Clarke PB. Adult rat ultrasonic vocalizations and reward: Effects of propranolol and repeated cocaine administration. J Psychopharmacol 2024:2698811241268894. [PMID: 39129423 DOI: 10.1177/02698811241268894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying psychostimulant euphoria remain poorly understood. In adult rats, positive emotional states are associated with alterations in 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs): specifically, "trill" calls are promoted over "flat" calls. Here, we investigated the effects of acute and repeated cocaine administration, and-based on previous findings with amphetamine-their possible dependence on beta-adrenergic receptors. METHODS Adult male Long-Evans rats received intraperitoneal drug or saline injections before daily USV recording. Fourteen 50-kHz call subtypes were analyzed. In Experiments 1 and 2, cocaine (1-10 mg/kg) and propranolol (10 mg/kg) were tested alone. In Experiment 3, propranolol/cocaine interactions were sought within a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. Experiment 4 investigated acute and chronic cocaine effects (Phase 1), and propranolol/cocaine interactions either in an open field (Phase 2) or within a CPP procedure (Phase 3). RESULTS In drug-naïve animals, cocaine increased the 50-kHz call rate, with sensitization developing rapidly. After more extended exposure, cocaine now also increased the relative prevalence of trill versus flat calls; effects on other subtypes were also revealed. The beta-blocker propranolol prevented neither cocaine CPP nor cocaine effects on USV emission or locomotion but exerted significant USV-related effects when given alone. CPP magnitude and USV-related measures were uncorrelated. CONCLUSIONS With long-term intraperitoneal administration, cocaine can alter the relative prevalence of several 50-kHz call subtypes; its ability to promote trill versus flat calls, in particular, is consistent with a positive affect interpretation. Cocaine's behavioral effects (i.e., USV-related, locomotor, CPP) appear independent of beta-adrenergic receptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Erden
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Paul Bs Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Saldanha TCS, Sanchez WN, Palombo P, Cruz FC, Galduróz JCF, Schwarting RKW, Andreatini R, da Cunha C, Pochapski JA. Biperiden reverses the increase in 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations but not the increase in locomotor activity induced by cocaine. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114841. [PMID: 38159887 PMCID: PMC10903531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a worldwide public health problem, associated with severe psychosocial and economic impacts. Currently, no FDA-approved treatment is available for CUD. However, an emerging body of evidence from clinical and preclinical studies suggests that biperiden, an M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist, presents potential therapeutic use for CUD. These studies have suggested that biperiden may reduce the reinforcing effects of cocaine. It is well established that rodents emit 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in response to natural rewards and stimulant drugs, including cocaine. Nonetheless, the effects of biperiden on the cocaine-induced increase of 50-kHz USV remains unknown. Here, we hypothesized that biperiden could antagonize the acute effects of cocaine administration on rat 50-kHz USV. To test this hypothesis, adult male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: saline, 5 mg/kg biperiden, 10 mg/kg cocaine, and biperiden/cocaine (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p., respectively). USV and locomotor activity were recorded in baseline and test sessions. As expected, cocaine administration significantly increased the number of 50-kHz USV. Biperiden administration effectively antagonized the increase in 50-kHz USV induced by cocaine. Cocaine administration also increased the emission of trill and mixed 50 kHz USV subtypes and this effect was antagonized by biperiden. Additionally, we showed that biperiden did not affect the cocaine-induced increase in locomotor activity, although biperiden administration per se increased locomotor activity. In conclusion, our findings indicate that administering biperiden acutely reduces the positive affective effects of cocaine, as demonstrated by its ability to inhibit the increase in 50-kHz USV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais C S Saldanha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - William N Sanchez
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paola Palombo
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio C Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Claudio da Cunha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Pochapski
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Cordeiro N, Pochapski JA, Luna WS, Baltazar G, Schwarting RK, Andreatini R, Da Cunha C. Forty-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations of rat pups predict adult behavior in the elevated plus-maze behavior but not the effect of cocaine on 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations. Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114759. [PMID: 37952685 PMCID: PMC10797528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) are emitted by both young pups and adult rats to convey positive or negative emotional states. These USV manifestations are contingent on factors including developmental stage, situational requirements, and individual dispositions. Pups emit 40-kHz USV when separated from their mother and litter, which function to elicit maternal care. Conversely, adult rats can produce 50-kHz USV in response to stimuli that elicit reward-related states, including natural rewards, stimulant drugs, and reward-predictive stimuli. The present study aims to investigate whether pup 40-kHz USV can serve as predictors of behaviors related to positive or negative states in adult rats. Both male and female Wistar pups were initially tested on the 11th postnatal day and subsequently in adulthood. There was no significant difference in the number of 40-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations between male and female pups. However, cocaine elicited more 50-kHz USV and hyperactivity in adult females compared to males. Notably, cocaine increased the proportion of step and trill USV subtypes in both adult males and females. Interestingly, this effect of cocaine was stronger in females that were in the diestrus, compared to the estrus phase. In males, a significant positive correlation was found between pup 40-kHz USV and lower anxiety scores in adult male but not female rats tested on the elevated plus-maze test. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between pup 40-kHz and adult 50-kHz USV in both males and females, whether in undrugged (saline) or in cocaine-treated rats. It is possible that the 40-kHz USV emitted by pups predicted reduced anxiety-like behavior only for male rats because they could elicit maternal care directed specifically to male pups. These findings suggest that 40-kHz USV can serve as an indicator of the emotional link between the rat mother and male pups. Indeed, this suggests that maternal care exerts a positive influence on the emotional state during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nícolas Cordeiro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Pochapski
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - William Sanchez Luna
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel Baltazar
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Rainer K Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Claudio Da Cunha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Farmacologia do Sistema Nervoso Central, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Serra M, Costa G, Onaivi E, Simola N. Divergent Acute and Enduring Changes in 50-kHz Ultrasonic Vocalizations in Rats Repeatedly Treated With Amphetamine and Dopaminergic Antagonists: New Insights on the Role of Dopamine in Calling Behavior. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae001. [PMID: 38174899 PMCID: PMC10852626 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rats emit 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to nonpharmacological and pharmacological stimuli, with addictive psychostimulants being the most effective drugs that elicit calling behavior in rats. Earlier investigations found that dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors modulate the emission of 50-kHz USVs stimulated in rats by the acute administration of addictive psychostimulants. Conversely, information is lacking on how dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors modulate calling behavior in rats that are repeatedly treated with addictive psychostimulants. METHODS We evaluated the emission of 50-kHz USVs in rats repeatedly treated (×5 on alternate days) with amphetamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) either alone or together with (1) SCH 23390 (0.1-1 mg/kg, s.c.), a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist; (2) raclopride (0.3-1 mg/kg, s.c.), a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; or (3) a combination of SCH 23390 and raclopride (0.1 + 0.3 mg/kg, s.c.). Calling behavior of rats was recorded following pharmacological treatment, as well as in response to the presentation of amphetamine-paired cues and to amphetamine challenge (both performed 7 days after treatment discontinuation). RESULTS Amphetamine-treated rats displayed a sensitized 50-kHz USV emission during repeated treatment, as well as marked calling behavior in response to amphetamine-paired cues and to amphetamine challenge. Antagonism of D1 or D2 receptors either significantly suppressed or attenuated the emission of 50-kHz USVs in amphetamine-treated rats, with a maximal effect after synergistic antagonism of both receptors. CONCLUSIONS These results shed further light on how dopamine transmission modulates the emission of 50-kHz USVs in rats treated with psychoactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Onaivi
- Biology Department, William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Schwarting RKW. Behavioral analysis in laboratory rats: Challenges and usefulness of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105260. [PMID: 37268181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many rodent species emit and detect vocalizations in the ultrasonic range. Rats use three classes of ultrasonic vocalizations depending on developmental stage, experience and the behavioral situation. Calls from one class emitted by juvenile and adult rats, the so-called 50-kHz calls, are typical for appetitive and social situations. This review provides a brief historical account on the introduction of 50-kHz calls in behavioral research followed by a survey of their scientific applications focusing on the last five years, where 50-kHz publications reached a climax. Then, specific methodological challenges will be addressed, like how to measure and report 50-kHz USV, the problem of assignment of acoustic signals to a specific sender in a social situation, and individual variability in call propensity. Finally, the intricacy of interpreting 50-kHz results will be discussed focusing on the most prevalent ones, namely as communicative signals and/or readouts of the sender's emotional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer K W Schwarting
- Experimental and Biological Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Marburg Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (MCMBB), Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Wang X, Sun S, Chen H, Yun B, Zhang Z, Wang X, Wu Y, Lv J, He Y, Li W, Chen L. Identification of key genes and therapeutic drugs for cocaine addiction using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1201897. [PMID: 37469839 PMCID: PMC10352680 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1201897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that is abused due to its excitatory effect on the central nervous system. It is critical to reveal the mechanisms of cocaine addiction and identify key genes that play an important role in addiction. Methods In this study, we proposed a centrality algorithm integration strategy to identify key genes in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed by deferential genes from cocaine addiction-related datasets. In order to investigate potential therapeutic drugs for cocaine addiction, a network of targeted relationships between nervous system drugs and key genes was established. Results Four key genes (JUN, FOS, EGR1, and IL6) were identified and well validated using CTD database correlation analysis, text mining, independent dataset analysis, and enrichment analysis methods, and they might serve as biomarkers of cocaine addiction. A total of seventeen drugs have been identified from the network of targeted relationships between nervous system drugs and key genes, of which five (disulfiram, cannabidiol, dextroamphetamine, diazepam, and melatonin) have been shown in the literature to play a role in the treatment of cocaine addiction. Discussion This study identified key genes and potential therapeutic drugs for cocaine addiction, which provided new ideas for the research of the mechanism of cocaine addiction.
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Lee SM, Jang HB, Fan Y, Lee BH, Kim SC, Bills KB, Steffensen SC, Kim HY. Nociceptive Stimuli Activate the Hypothalamus-Habenula Circuit to Inhibit the Mesolimbic Reward System and Cocaine-Seeking Behaviors. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9180-9192. [PMID: 36280259 PMCID: PMC9761669 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0577-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive signals interact with various regions of the brain, including those involved in physical sensation, reward, cognition, and emotion. Emerging evidence points to a role of nociception in the modulation of the mesolimbic reward system. The mechanism by which nociception affects dopamine (DA) signaling and reward is unclear. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the lateral habenula (LHb) receive somatosensory inputs and are structurally connected with the mesolimbic DA system. Here, we show that the LH-LHb pathway is necessary for nociceptive modulation of this system using male Sprague Dawley rats. Our extracellular single-unit recordings and head-mounted microendoscopic calcium imaging revealed that nociceptive stimulation by tail pinch excited LHb and LH neurons, which was inhibited by chemical lesion of the LH. Tail pinch increased activity of GABA neurons in ventral tegmental area, decreased the extracellular DA level in the nucleus accumbens ventrolateral shell in intact rats, and reduced cocaine-increased DA concentration, which was blocked by disruption of the LH. Furthermore, tail pinch attenuated cocaine-induced locomotor activity, 22 and 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, which was inhibited by chemogenetic silencing of the LH-LHb pathway. Our findings suggest that nociceptive stimulation recruits the LH-LHb pathway to inhibit mesolimbic DA system and drug reinstatement.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The LHb and the LH have been implicated in processing nociceptive signals and modulating DA release in the mesolimbic DA system. Here, we show that the LH-LHb pathway is critical for nociception-induced modulation of mesolimbic DA release and cocaine reinstatement. Nociceptive stimulation alleviates extracellular DA release in the mesolimbic DA system, cocaine-induced psychomotor activities, and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviors through the LH-LHb pathway. These findings provide novel evidence for sensory modulation of the mesolimbic DA system and drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Lee
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, South Korea
| | - Han Byeol Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, South Korea
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, South Korea
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, South Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- Medical Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, South Korea
| | - Kyle B Bills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine, Provo, Utah 84606
| | - Scott C Steffensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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Araya EI, Baggio DF, Koren LDO, Schwarting RKW, Chichorro JG. Trigeminal neuropathic pain reduces 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats, which are restored by analgesic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174905. [PMID: 35354072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of neuropathic pain frequently associated with anxiety. The chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) of rodents is a well-established model to study sensory alterations related to TN. However, few studies have addressed the emotional component of pain, which is fundamental to increase its translational capability. Emission of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) is considered a reliable measure of the emotional state of rats. Rats emit 50-kHz USVs in social and appetitive situations, whereas 22-kHz USVs may index a negative state. Studies suggest that persistent pain causes reduction in 50-kHz calls, but this may also indicate anxiety-like behavior. Thus, we hypothesize that CCI-ION would decrease 50-kHz calls and that pharmacological pain relief would restore USVs, without interfering with anxiety-like behavior. On day 15 after surgery, male rats were treated with local lidocaine, midazolam or carbamazepine to determine their effect on facial mechanical hyperalgesia, USV and anxiety-like behavior. The results showed that CCI-ION induced hyperalgesia, which was attenuated by lidocaine or carbamazepine, developed anxiety-like behavior, which was reduced only by midazolam, and displayed a reduced number of 50-kHz calls, compared to sham. Lidocaine and carbamazepine increased 50-kHz calls emitted by CCI-ION rats, but midazolam failed to change them. These data add information on the translational aspects of CCI-ION model and carbamazepine treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain. Furthermore, they suggest that the reduction of USV in persistent pain conditions is related to spontaneous pain and reinforce the idea that it reflects the emotional component of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ivanna Araya
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Darciane Favero Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Laura de Oliveira Koren
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Juliana Geremias Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Bailey A, Berwick DC, Camarini R, Scavone C. Building Bridges In Neuropharmacology: New therapeutic approaches for psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:1475-1477. [PMID: 35292961 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bailey
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel C Berwick
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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