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Nicolau M, Reposi S, Gotelli M, Zarlavsky G, Galati B. Megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Hydrocleys nymphoides, Alisma plantago-aquatica, and Sagittaria montevidensis (Alismataceae). PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:725-733. [PMID: 38286848 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Ovule morphology, megasporogenesis, and megagametogenesis processes were examined in Hydrocleys nymphoides, Alisma plantago-aquatica, and Sagittaria montevidensis. Each of these species belongs to a different clade within the Alismataceae family. It is worth mentioning that the genus Hydrocleys previously belonged to the Limnocharitaceae family but is now classified within the Alismataceae. Flowers in different developmental stages were processed following classical histological methods for their observation with bright-field microscope. The three species present an anatropous and bitegmic mature ovule. This is tenuinucellate in A. plantago-aquatica and S. montevidensis and pseudo-crassinucellate in H. nymphoides. Although all three species have the same type of megasporogenesis, they differ in the megagametogenesis and in the total number of nuclei and cells that form the mature gametophyte. H. nymphoides has a female gametophyte composed of four cells and four nuclei, while A. plantago-aquatica and S. montevidensis have a female gametophyte of five cells and six nuclei. The results are discussed according to the phylogenetic position of each of the species. Moreover, new types of megagametophyte development are described: Hydrocleys and Sagittaria types. The reduction of the female gametophyte with respect to the Polygonum type is found in families belonging to the ANA grade and in other aquatic families within the order Alismatales. We infer that the reduction in the number of cells and nuclei in the female gametophyte is characteristic of species that inhabit aquatic environments. Future studies in aquatic species belonging to other families would be necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Nicolau
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sofía Reposi
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Gotelli
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Zarlavsky
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Galati
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Depto. de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wei H, Wang B, Xu Y, Fan W, Zhang M, Huang F, Shi C, Li T, Wang S, Wang S. The Mechanism of Ovule Abortion in Self-Pollinated 'Hanfu' Apple Fruits and Related Gene Screening. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:996. [PMID: 38611525 PMCID: PMC11013273 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Apples exhibit S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility and typically require cross-pollination in nature. 'Hanfu' is a cultivar that produces abundant fruit after self-pollination, although it also shows a high rate of seed abortion afterwards, which greatly reduces fruit quality. In this study, we investigated the ovule development process and the mechanism of ovule abortion in apples after self-pollination. Using a DIC microscope and biomicroscope, we found that the abortion of apple ovules occurs before embryo formation and results from the failure of sperm-egg fusion. Further, we used laser-assisted microdissection (LAM) cutting and sperm and egg cell sequencing at different periods after pollination to obtain the genes related to ovule abortion. The top 40 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further verified, and the results were consistent with switching the mechanism at the 5' end of the RNA transcript (SMART-seq). Through this study, we can preliminarily clarify the mechanism of ovule abortion in self-pollinated apple fruits and provide a gene reserve for further study and improvement of 'Hanfu' apple fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Pessoa EM, Ribeiro AC, Christenhusz MJM, Coan AI, Jud NA. Is Santaniella a ranunculid? Reassessment of this enigmatic fossil angiosperm from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian, Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte, Brazil) provides a new interpretation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16163. [PMID: 37014186 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The Lower Cretaceous Crato Konservat-Lagerstätte (CKL) preserves a rich flora that includes early angiosperms from northern Gondwana. From this area, the recently described fossil genus Santaniella was interpreted as a ranunculid (presumably Ranunculaceae). However, based on our examination of an additional specimen and a new phylogenetic analysis, we offer an alternative interpretation. METHODS The new fossil was collected from an active quarry for paving stones in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. We assessed support for alternative phylogenetic hypotheses using a combined analysis of morphological data and DNA sequence data using Bayesian inference. We used a consensus network to visualize the posterior distribution of trees, and we used RoguePlot to illustrate the support for alternative positions on a scaffold tree. RESULTS The new material includes a flower-like structure not present in the original material and also includes follicles preserved at early stages of development. The flower-like structure is a compact terminal cluster of elliptical sterile laminar organs surrounding internal filamentous structures that occur on flexuous axes. Phylogenetic analyses did not support the fossil placement among eudicots. Instead, Santaniella appears to belong in the magnoliid clade. CONCLUSIONS The presence of seeds in a marginal-linear placentation and enclosed in a follicle supports the fossil as an angiosperm. However, even though most characters are clearly recognizable, its combination of characters does not provide strong support for a close relationship to any extant order of flowering plants. Its position in the magnoliid clade is intriguing and, based on plicate carpels, it is definitely a mesangiosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edlley M Pessoa
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Maarten J M Christenhusz
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Alessandra Ike Coan
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho," Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathan A Jud
- Department of Biology, William Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri, USA
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Srivastav M, Clement WL, Landrein S, Zhang J, Howarth DG, Donoghue MJ. A phylogenomic analysis of Lonicera and its bearing on the evolution of organ fusion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16143. [PMID: 36807121 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The ~140 species of Lonicera are characterized by variously fused leaves, bracteoles, and ovaries, making it a model system for studying the evolution and development of organ fusion. However, previous phylogenetic analyses, based mainly on chloroplast DNA markers, have yielded uncertain and conflicting results. A well-supported phylogeny of Lonicera will allow us to trace the evolutionary history of organ fusion. METHODS We inferred the phylogeny of Lonicera using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq), sampling all major clades and 18 of the 23 subsections. This provided the basis for inferring the evolution of five fusion-related traits. RESULTS RADSeq data yielded a well-resolved and well-supported phylogeny. The two traditionally recognized subgenera (Periclymenum and Chamaecerasus), three of the four sections (Isoxylosteum, Coeloxylosteum, and Nintooa), and half of the subsections sampled were recovered as monophyletic. However, the large and heterogeneous section Isika was strongly supported as paraphyletic. Nintooa, a clade of ~22 mostly vine-forming species, including L. japonica, was recovered in a novel position, raising the possibility of cytonuclear discordance. We document the parallel evolution of fused leaves, bracteoles, and ovaries, with rare reversals. Most strikingly, complete cupules, in which four fused bracteoles completely enclose two unfused ovaries, arose at least three times. Surprisingly, these appear to have evolved directly from ancestors with free bracteoles instead of partial cupules. CONCLUSIONS We provide the most comprehensive and well-supported phylogeny of Lonicera to date. Our inference of multiple evolutionary shifts in organ fusion provides a solid foundation for in depth developmental and functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansa Srivastav
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Wendy L Clement
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, 08628, USA
| | - Sven Landrein
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Dianella G Howarth
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Michael J Donoghue
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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Drohojowska J, Zmarzły M, Szwedo J. Evolutionary implications of new Postopsyllidiidae from mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and sternorrhynchan nymphal conservatism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16446. [PMID: 36180778 PMCID: PMC9525616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nymphs of extinct sternorrhynchan hemipterans are extremely rare, although very important for understanding of evolutionary traits of these insects. A protopsyllidioid nymph, in mid-Cretaceous amber from Kachin, Myanmar, placed in the family Postopsyllidiidae, is the first nymph of this family to be found in the fossil. Postopsyllidiidae previously comprised the sole genus Postopsyllidium with a few species: P. rebeccae, P. grimaldii and P. burmaticum from Kachin amber (Cenomanian) and P. emilyae from Turonian amber of New Jersey. Here, we report a new genus and species of postopsyllid Megalophthallidion burmapteron gen. et sp. nov. (imago) and the first known nymph of the family ascribed to the same genus. An overview of the fossil record of sternorrhynchan nymphs, and the importance of this finding, unlocking a new and complementary window to understanding the evolutionary traits of Protopsyllidioidea and other Sternorrhyncha hemipterans are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowita Drohojowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 9, Bankowa Street, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Zmarzły
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, 9, Bankowa Street, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Szwedo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology and Museum of Amber Inclusions, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, 59, Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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D'Apice G, Moschin S, Nigris S, Ciarle R, Muto A, Bruno L, Baldan B. Identification of key regulatory genes involved in the sporophyte and gametophyte development in Ginkgo biloba ovules revealed by in situ expression analyses. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:887-898. [PMID: 35506584 PMCID: PMC9322462 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE In Arabidopsis thaliana, the role of the most important key genes that regulate ovule development is widely known. In nonmodel species, and especially in gymnosperms, the ovule developmental processes are still quite obscure. In this study, we describe the putative roles of Ginkgo biloba orthologs of regulatory genes during ovule development. Specifically, we studied AGAMOUS (AG), AGAMOUS-like 6 (AGL6), AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), BELL1 (BEL1), Class III HD-Zip, and YABBY Ginkgo genes. METHODS We analyzed their expression domains through in situ hybridizations on two stages of ovule development: the very early stage that corresponds to the ovule primordium, still within wintering buds, and the late stage at pollination time. RESULTS GBM5 (Ginkgo ortholog of AG), GbMADS8 (ortholog of AGL6) and GbC3HDZ1-2-3 were expressed in both the stages of ovule development, while GbMADS1, GbAGL6-like genes (orthologs of AGL6), GbBEL1-2 and YABBY Ginkgo orthologs (GbiYAB1B and GbiYABC) seem mostly involved at pollination time. GbANTL1 was not expressed in the studied stages and was different from GbANTL2 and GbBEL1, which seem to be involved at both stages of ovule development. In Ginkgo, the investigated genes display patterns of expression only partially comparable to those of other studied seed plants. CONCLUSIONS The expression of most of these regulatory genes in the female gametophyte region at pollination time leads to suggest a communication between the sporophytic maternal tissue and the developing female gametophyte, as demonstrated for well-studied model angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta D'Apice
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
| | - Silvia Moschin
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
| | - Riccardo Ciarle
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of BiologyEcology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of RendeCS87036Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of BiologyEcology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of RendeCS87036Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Ambrose BA. Deciphering the evolution of the ovule genetic network through expression analyses in Gnetum gnemon. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:217-230. [PMID: 33959756 PMCID: PMC8324035 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ovule is a synapomorphy of all seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms); however, there are some striking differences in ovules among the major seed plant lineages, such as the number of integuments or the orientation of the ovule. The genetics involved in ovule development have been well studied in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana, which has two integuments and anatropous orientation. This study is approached from what is known in arabidopsis, focusing on the expression patterns of homologues of four genes known to be key for the proper development of the integuments in arabidopsis: AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), BELL1, (BEL1), KANADIs (KANs) and UNICORN (UCN). METHODS We used histology to describe the morphoanatomical development from ovules to seeds in Gnetum gnemon. We carried out spatiotemporal expression analyses in G. gnemon, a gymnosperm, which has a unique ovule morphology with an integument covering the nucellus, two additional envelopes where the outermost becomes fleshy as the seed matures, and an orthotropous orientation. KEY RESULTS Our anatomical and developmental descriptions provide a framework for expression analyses in the ovule of G. gnemon. Our expression results show that although ANT, KAN and UCN homologues are expressed in the inner integument, their spatiotemporal patterns differ from those found in angiosperms. Furthermore, all homologues studied here are expressed in the nucellus, revealing major differences in seed plants. Finally, no expression of the studied homologues was detected in the outer envelopes. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these analyses provide significant comparative data that allows us to better understand the functional evolution of these gene lineages, providing a compelling framework for evolutionary and developmental studies of seeds. Our findings suggest that these genes were most likely recruited from the sporangium development network and became restricted to the integuments of angiosperm ovules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara A Ambrose
- The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Zeng D, Que C, Teixeira da Silva JA, Xu S, Li D. Comparative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Ovule Development in the Orchid, Cymbidium sinense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:814275. [PMID: 35126436 PMCID: PMC8813969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovule development is pivotal to plant reproduction and seed development. Cymbidium sinense (Orchidaceae) has high ornamental value due to its pleasant aroma and elegant floral morphology. The regulatory mechanism underlying ovule development in orchids, especially C. sinense, is largely unknown and information on the C. sinense genome is very scarce. In this study, a combined analysis was performed on the transcriptome and non-targeted metabolomes of 18 C. sinense 'Qi Jian Hei Mo' ovule samples. Transcriptome analysis assembled gene-related information related to six growth stages of C. sinense ovules (S1-S6, equivalent to 30, 35, 42, 46, 53, and 60 days after pollination). Illumina sequencing technology was used to obtain the complete set of transcriptome sequences of the 18 samples. A total of 81,585 unigene sequences were obtained after assembly, 24,860 (30.47%) of which were functionally annotated. Using transcriptome sequencing technology, a total of 9845 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were identified in C. sinense ovules that were assigned to specific metabolic pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). DEUs associated with transcription factors (TFs) and phytohormones were identified and analyzed. The TFs homeobox and MADS-box were associated with C. sinense ovule development. In particular, the phytohormones associated with DEUs such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), cytokinin (CK), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroid (BR), and jasmonate (JA), may have important regulatory effects on C. sinense ovule development. Metabolomic analysis showed an inconsistent number of KEGG annotations of differential metabolites across comparisons (S2_vs_S4, S2_vs_S5, and S4_vs_S5 contained 23, 26, and 3 annotations, respectively) in C. sinense ovules. This study provides a valuable foundation for further understanding the regulation of orchid ovule development and formation, and establishes a theoretical background for future practical applications during orchid cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Que
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Standardization of Production Engineering Technology of Orchids, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, China
| | | | - Shutao Xu
- College of Innovative Design, City University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Standardization of Production Engineering Technology of Orchids, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Li,
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