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Montalvo VH, Sáenz-Bolaños C, Carrillo E, Fuller TK. A review of environmental and anthropogenic variables used to model jaguar occurrence. NEOTROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/neotropical.18.e98437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Jaguars (Panthera onca) are a landscape species of conservation importance and our understanding of environmental and anthropogenic drivers of jaguar occurrence is necessary to improve conservation strategies. We reviewed available literature to simply describe environmental and anthropogenic variables used and found to be significant in occurrence modeling. We reviewed 95 documents published from 1980 to 2021 that focused on jaguar occurrence and that used 39 variable types (21 anthropogenic, 18 environmental) among different techniques, scales, and approaches. In general, these variables included both anthropogenic (roads, land use, human activities, and population) and environmental (climate, vegetation, ecological interactions, topographic, water, and others) factors. Twelve variables were identified as affecting jaguar occurrence overall, eleven at local scale and seven at broad scales (regional and continental). Focusing more specifically on the variables that correlate with occurrence should help researchers to make better predictions in areas without quantitative jaguar data.
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Chen Z, Li X, Xia X. Temporal-spatial pattern and driving factors of cultivated land use transition at country level in Shaanxi province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:365. [PMID: 35426078 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The county-level Cultivated Land Use Form index (CLUF) in Shaanxi province in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 was measured with the entropy method and the linear combination method. Then, the spatial differentiation characteristics and driving mechanism of CLUF were characterized and identified through exploratory spatial data analysis, standard deviation ellipse model, kernel density estimation, multiple linear, and spatial regression analysis. The conclusions drawn from empirical results were as follows. First, the CLUF presented a spatial differentiation pattern of high in the middle and low in the north and south, and the CLUF had a strong positive spatial correlation. The local spatial patterns were mainly the high-high agglomeration and low-low agglomeration. Second, the gravity center of CLUF moves from northeast to southwest, but it is always located in the central part of Shaanxi province. The CLUF showed a trend from expansion and decentralization to contraction and centralization in geographical space, with an obvious spatial spillover effect. Third, the results of nuclear density estimation showed that the difference in the CLUF between counties displayed a trend of first shrinking and then expanding. Fourth, the cultivated land use transition was promoted by the combination of the natural environment, economic growth, and urbanization development, and factors of the driving mechanism of the cultivated land use transition are complicated. Finally, policy recommendations to promote the rationalization and cultivated land use transition were put forward, such as strengthening infrastructure construction, formulating differentiated policies, and giving play to the role of neighboring demonstrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- School of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Economics and Management, Yan Tai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xianli Xia
- School of Economics and Management, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China.
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Cerqueira RC, de Rivera OR, Jaeger JAG, Grilo C. Direct and indirect effects of roads on space use by jaguars in Brazil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22617. [PMID: 34799617 PMCID: PMC8604938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Roads pose an imminent threat to wildlife directly through mortality and changes in individual behavior, and also indirectly through modification of the amount and configuration of wildlife habitat. However, few studies have addressed how these mechanisms interact to determine species response to roads. We used structural equation modeling to assess direct and indirect effects (via landscape modification) of roads on space use by jaguars in Brazil, using radio-tracking data available from the literature. We fit path models that directly link jaguars' space use to roads and to land cover, and indirectly link jaguars' space use to roads through the same land cover categories. Our findings show that space use by jaguars was not directly affected by roads, but indirect effects occurred through reductions in natural areas on which jaguars depend, and through urban sprawl. Males´ space use, however, was not negatively influenced by urban areas. Since jaguars seem to ignore roads, mitigation should be directed to road fencing and promoting safe crossings. We argue that planners and managers need to much more seriously take into account the deforestation and the unbridled urban expansion from roads to ensure jaguar conservation in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Cobucci Cerqueira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Câmpus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Rodríguez de Rivera
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Kent, Sibson, Park Wood Rd, Canterbury, CT2 7FS, UK
| | - Jochen A G Jaeger
- Department of Geography, Planning and Environment, Concordia University Montreal, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Suite H1255, Montréal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Clara Grilo
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Câmpus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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Burrage K, Burrage P, Davis J, Bednarz T, Kim J, Vercelloni J, Peterson EE, Mengersen K. A stochastic model of jaguar abundance in the Peruvian Amazon under climate variation scenarios. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10829-10850. [PMID: 33072299 PMCID: PMC7548206 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the dominant predator in Central and South America, but is now considered near-threatened. Estimating jaguar population size is difficult, due to uncertainty in the underlying dynamical processes as well as highly variable and sparse data. We develop a stochastic temporal model of jaguar abundance in the Peruvian Amazon, taking into account prey availability, under various climate change scenarios. The model is calibrated against existing data sets and an elicitation study in Pacaya Samiria. In order to account for uncertainty and variability, we construct a population of models over four key parameters, namely three scaling parameters for aquatic, small land, and large land animals and a hunting index. We then use this population of models to construct probabilistic evaluations of jaguar populations under various climate change scenarios characterized by increasingly severe flood and drought events and discuss the implications on jaguar numbers. Results imply that jaguar populations exhibit some robustness to extreme drought and flood, but that repeated exposure to these events over short periods can result in rapid decline. However, jaguar numbers could return to stability-albeit at lower numbers-if there are periods of benign climate patterns and other relevant factors are conducive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Burrage
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, and Mathematical Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Pamela Burrage
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, and Mathematical Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Jacqueline Davis
- Department of Psychology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK.,Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Bednarz
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, and Mathematical Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - June Kim
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, and Mathematical Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Julie Vercelloni
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, and Mathematical Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Erin E Peterson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, and Mathematical Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, and Mathematical Sciences School Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
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de la Torre JA, Núñez JM, Medellín RA. Spatial requirements of jaguars and pumas in Southern Mexico. Mamm Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wultsch C, Caragiulo A, Dias-Freedman I, Quigley H, Rabinowitz S, Amato G. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Mesoamerican Jaguars (Panthera onca): Implications for Conservation and Management. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162377. [PMID: 27783617 PMCID: PMC5082669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoamerican jaguars (Panthera onca) have been extirpated from over 77% of their historic range, inhabiting fragmented landscapes at potentially reduced population sizes. Maintaining and restoring genetic diversity and connectivity across human-altered landscapes has become a major conservation priority; nonetheless large-scale genetic monitoring of natural populations is rare. This is the first regional conservation genetic study of jaguars to primarily use fecal samples collected in the wild across five Mesoamerican countries: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. We genotyped 445 jaguar fecal samples and examined patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among 115 individual jaguars using data from 12 microsatellite loci. Overall, moderate levels of genetic variation were detected (NA = 4.50 ± 1.05, AR = 3.43 ± 0.22, HE = 0.59 ± 0.04), with Mexico having the lowest genetic diversity, followed by Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa Rica. Population-based gene flow measures (FST = 0.09 to 0.15, Dest = 0.09 to 0.21), principal component analysis, and Bayesian clustering applied in a hierarchical framework revealed significant genetic structure in Mesoamerican jaguars, roughly grouping individuals into four genetic clusters with varying levels of admixture. Gene flow was highest among Selva Maya jaguars (northern Guatemala and central Belize), whereas genetic differentiation among all other sampling sites was moderate. Genetic subdivision was most pronounced between Selva Maya and Honduran jaguars, suggesting limited jaguar movement between these close geographic regions and ultimately refuting the hypothesis of contemporary panmixia. To maintain a critical linkage for jaguars dispersing through the Mesoamerican landscape and ensure long-term viability of this near threatened species, we recommend continued management and maintenance of jaguar corridors. The baseline genetic data provided by this study underscores the importance of understanding levels of genetic diversity and connectivity to making informed management and conservation decisions with the goal to maintain functional connectivity across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wultsch
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States of America
- Panthera, New York, NY 10018, United States of America
| | - Anthony Caragiulo
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States of America
| | - Isabela Dias-Freedman
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Salisa Rabinowitz
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States of America
| | - George Amato
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States of America
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Zanin M, Sollmann R, Tôrres NM, Furtado MM, Jácomo ATA, Silveira L, De Marco P. Landscapes attributes and their consequences on jaguar Panthera onca and cattle depredation occurrence. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-015-0924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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