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Martins TG, Reis GG, Reis MG, Telles LA, Lage MR, Mendes GG, Pinto DL, Castro NL, Lorenzon AS, Silva RS, Gonzáles DG. Potential planting areas for native tree species in minas gerais state, Brazil, based on environmental variables and wood demand. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Roopsind A, Caughlin TT, van der Hout P, Arets E, Putz FE. Trade-offs between carbon stocks and timber recovery in tropical forests are mediated by logging intensity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2862-2874. [PMID: 29603495 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Forest degradation accounts for ~70% of total carbon losses from tropical forests. Substantial emissions are from selective logging, a land-use activity that decreases forest carbon density. To maintain carbon values in selectively logged forests, climate change mitigation policies and government agencies promote the adoption of reduced-impact logging (RIL) practices. However, whether RIL will maintain both carbon and timber values in managed tropical forests over time remains uncertain. In this study, we quantify the recovery of timber stocks and aboveground carbon at an experimental site where forests were subjected to different intensities of RIL (4, 8, and 16 trees/ha). Our census data span 20 years postlogging and 17 years after the liberation of future crop trees from competition in a tropical forest on the Guiana Shield, a globally important forest carbon reservoir. We model recovery of timber and carbon with a breakpoint regression that allowed us to capture elevated tree mortality immediately after logging. Recovery rates of timber and carbon were governed by the presence of residual trees (i.e., trees that persisted through the first harvest). The liberation treatment stimulated faster recovery of timber albeit at a carbon cost. Model results suggest a threshold logging intensity beyond which forests managed for timber and carbon derive few benefits from RIL, with recruitment and residual growth not sufficient to offset losses. Inclusion of the breakpoint at which carbon and timber gains outpaced postlogging mortality led to high predictive accuracy, including out-of-sample R2 values >90%, and enabled inference on demographic changes postlogging. Our modeling framework is broadly applicable to studies that aim to quantify impacts of logging on forest recovery. Overall, we demonstrate that initial mortality drives variation in recovery rates, that the second harvest depends on old growth wood, and that timber intensification lowers carbon stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Roopsind
- Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Arets
- Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francis E Putz
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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3
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Van Holt T, Putz FE. Perpetuating the myth of the return of native forests. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601768. [PMID: 28560322 PMCID: PMC5435418 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Viña et al. imply that native forests account for China's marked increase in tree cover and that tree plantations play a minimal role. All 71 tweets linked to the article reinforce the idea that China's native forests are returning, whereas a review of their methodology indicates that it is not likely accurate. Referring news articles (n = 19) were dominated by terms associated with native forests, whereas tree plantations were rarely mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Van Holt
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Box 50005, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francis Edward Putz
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118526, Gainesville, FL 32611–8526, USA
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Krause T, Ness B. Energizing agroforestry: Ilex guayusa as an additional commodity to diversify Amazonian agroforestry systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2017.1303646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Krause
- Centre for Sustainability Studies, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Barry Ness
- Centre for Sustainability Studies, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Ghazoul J, Burivalova Z, Garcia-Ulloa J, King LA. Conceptualizing Forest Degradation. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 30:622-632. [PMID: 26411619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Forest degradation is a global environmental issue, but its definition is problematic. Difficulties include choosing appropriate reference states, timescales, thresholds, and forest values. We dispense with many such ambiguities by interpreting forest degradation through the frame of ecological resilience, and with reference to forest dynamics. Specifically, we define forest degradation as a state of anthropogenically induced arrested succession, where ecological processes that underlie forest dynamics are diminished or severely constrained. Metrics of degradation might include those that reflect ecological processes shaping community dynamics, notably the regeneration of plant species. Arrested succession implies that management intervention is necessary to recover successional trajectories. Such a definition can be applied to any forest ecosystem, and can also be extended to other ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaboury Ghazoul
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Zuzana Burivalova
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa A King
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Burivalova Z, Hua F, Koh LP, Garcia C, Putz F. A Critical Comparison of Conventional, Certified, and Community Management of Tropical Forests for Timber in Terms of Environmental, Economic, and Social Variables. Conserv Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Burivalova
- Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs and Public Policy; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Fangyuan Hua
- Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs and Public Policy; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Adelaide; South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Claude Garcia
- Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD); Research Unit Goods and Services of Tropical Ecosystems; Montpellier F-34392 France
- Department of Environmental System Sciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; Zürich Universitätstrasse 16 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Francis Putz
- Department of Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
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Chaudhary A, Burivalova Z, Koh LP, Hellweg S. Impact of Forest Management on Species Richness: Global Meta-Analysis and Economic Trade-Offs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23954. [PMID: 27040604 PMCID: PMC4819217 DOI: 10.1038/srep23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Forests managed for timber have an important role to play in conserving global biodiversity. We evaluated the most common timber production systems worldwide in terms of their impact on local species richness by conducting a categorical meta-analysis. We reviewed 287 published studies containing 1008 comparisons of species richness in managed and unmanaged forests and derived management, taxon, and continent specific effect sizes. We show that in terms of local species richness loss, forest management types can be ranked, from best to worse, as follows: selection and retention systems, reduced impact logging, conventional selective logging, clear-cutting, agroforestry, timber plantations, fuelwood plantations. Next, we calculated the economic profitability in terms of the net present value of timber harvesting from 10 hypothetical wood-producing Forest Management Units (FMU) from around the globe. The ranking of management types is altered when the species loss per unit profit generated from the FMU is considered. This is due to differences in yield, timber species prices, rotation cycle length and production costs. We thus conclude that it would be erroneous to dismiss or prioritize timber production regimes, based solely on their ranking of alpha diversity impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chaudhary
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Burivalova
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 08540 Princeton NJ, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stefanie Hellweg
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Giam X, Hadiaty RK, Tan HH, Parenti LR, Wowor D, Sauri S, Chong KY, Yeo DCJ, Wilcove DS. Mitigating the impact of oil-palm monoculture on freshwater fishes in Southeast Asia. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2015; 29:1357-1367. [PMID: 25800305 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic land-cover change is driving biodiversity loss worldwide. At the epicenter of this crisis lies Southeast Asia, where biodiversity-rich forests are being converted to oil-palm monocultures. As demand for palm oil increases, there is an urgent need to find strategies that maintain biodiversity in plantations. Previous studies found that retaining forest patches within plantations benefited some terrestrial taxa but not others. However, no study has focused on aquatic taxa such as fishes, despite their importance to human well-being. We assessed the efficacy of forested riparian reserves in conserving freshwater fish biodiversity in oil-palm monoculture by sampling stream fish communities in an oil-palm plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forested riparian reserves maintained preconversion local fish species richness and functional diversity. In contrast, local and total species richness, biomass, and functional diversity declined markedly in streams without riparian reserves. Mechanistically, riparian reserves appeared to increase local species richness by increasing leaf litter cover and maintaining coarse substrate. The loss of fishes specializing in leaf litter and coarse substrate decreased functional diversity and altered community composition in oil-palm plantation streams that lacked riparian reserves. Thus, a land-sharing strategy that incorporates the retention of forested riparian reserves may maintain the ecological integrity of fish communities in oil-palm plantations. We urge policy makers and growers to make retention of riparian reserves in oil-palm plantations standard practice, and we encourage palm-oil purchasers to source only palm oil from plantations that employ this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Giam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, S117546, Singapore
| | - Renny K Hadiaty
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Heok Hui Tan
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, S117546, Singapore
| | - Lynne R Parenti
- Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 159, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20013, U.S.A
| | - Daisy Wowor
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sopian Sauri
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Kwek Yan Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, S117543, Singapore
| | - Darren C J Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, S117543, Singapore
| | - David S Wilcove
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, U.S.A
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Burivalova Z, Lee TM, Giam X, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Wilcove DS, Koh LP. Avian responses to selective logging shaped by species traits and logging practices. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20150164. [PMID: 25994673 PMCID: PMC4455798 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective logging is one of the most common forms of forest use in the tropics. Although the effects of selective logging on biodiversity have been widely studied, there is little agreement on the relationship between life-history traits and tolerance to logging. In this study, we assessed how species traits and logging practices combine to determine species responses to selective logging, based on over 4000 observations of the responses of nearly 1000 bird species to selective logging across the tropics. Our analysis shows that species traits, such as feeding group and body mass, and logging practices, such as time since logging and logging intensity, interact to influence a species' response to logging. Frugivores and insectivores were most adversely affected by logging and declined further with increasing logging intensity. Nectarivores and granivores responded positively to selective logging for the first two decades, after which their abundances decrease below pre-logging levels. Larger species of omnivores and granivores responded more positively to selective logging than smaller species from either feeding group, whereas this effect of body size was reversed for carnivores, herbivores, frugivores and insectivores. Most importantly, species most negatively impacted by selective logging had not recovered approximately 40 years after logging cessation. We conclude that selective timber harvest has the potential to cause large and long-lasting changes in avian biodiversity. However, our results suggest that the impacts can be mitigated to a certain extent through specific forest management strategies such as lengthening the rotation cycle and implementing reduced impact logging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Burivalova
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, CHN G 73.1, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Tien Ming Lee
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA
| | - Xingli Giam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Çağan Hakkı Şekercioğlu
- Department of Biology, The University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - David S Wilcove
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Burivalova Z, Bauert MR, Hassold S, Fatroandrianjafinonjasolomiovazo NT, Koh LP. Relevance of Global Forest Change Data Set to Local Conservation: Case Study of Forest Degradation in Masoala National Park, Madagascar. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Burivalova
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | | | - Sonja Hassold
- Department of Environmental Systems Science; ETH Zürich; CHN; Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | | | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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