1
|
Losada M, Martínez Cortizas AM, Silvius KM, Varela S, Raab TK, Fragoso JM, Sobral M. Mammal and tree diversity accumulate different types of soil organic matter in the northern Amazon. iScience 2023; 26:106088. [PMID: 36915677 PMCID: PMC10006633 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity of plants and animals influence soil carbon through their contributions to soil organic matter (SOM). However, we do not know whether mammal and tree communities affect SOM composition in the same manner. This question is relevant because not all forms of carbon are equally resistant to mineralization by microbes and thus, relevant to carbon storage. We analyzed the elemental and molecular composition of 401 soil samples, with relation to the species richness of 83 mammal and tree communities at a landscape scale across 4.8 million hectares in the northern Amazon. We found opposite effects of mammal and tree richness over SOM composition. Mammal diversity is related to SOM rich in nitrogen, sulfur and iron whereas tree diversity is related to SOM rich in aliphatic and carbonyl compounds. These results help us to better understand the role of biodiversity in the carbon cycle and its implications for climate change mitigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Losada
- CRETUS - EcoPast (GI-1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Martínez Cortizas
- CRETUS - EcoPast (GI-1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten M. Silvius
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sara Varela
- MAPAS Lab, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ted K. Raab
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Deparment of Global Ecology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jose M.V. Fragoso
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasılia, Brasılia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Mar Sobral
- CRETUS - EcoPast (GI-1553), Departmento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng X, Hua R, Zhang W, Liu Y, Luo C, Li T, Chen X, Zhu H, Wang Y, Lu Y. Comparison of the gut microbiome and resistome in captive African and Asian elephants on the same diet. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:986382. [PMID: 36875997 PMCID: PMC9978182 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.986382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Elephants are endangered species and threatened with extinction. They are monogastric herbivorous, hindgut fermenters and their digestive strategy requires them to consume large amounts of low quality forage. The gut microbiome is important to their metabolism, immune regulation, and ecological adaptation. Our study investigated the structure and function of the gut microbiota as well as the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in captive African and Asian elephants on the same diet. Results showed that captive African and Asian elephants had distinct gut bacterial composition. MetaStats analysis showed that the relative abundance of Spirochaetes (FDR = 0.00) and Verrucomicrobia (FDR = 0.01) at the phylum level as well as Spirochaetaceae (FDR = 0.01) and Akkermansiaceae (FDR = 0.02) at the family level varied between captive African and Asian elephants. Among the top ten functional subcategories at level 2 (57 seed pathway) of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, the relative gene abundance of cellular community-prokaryotes, membrane transport, and carbohydrate metabolism in African elephants were significantly lower than those in Asian elephants (0.98 vs. 1.03%, FDR = 0.04; 1.25 vs. 1.43%, FDR = 0.03; 3.39 vs. 3.63%; FDR = 0.02). Among the top ten functional subcategories at level 2 (CAZy family) of CAZy database, MetaStats analysis showed that African elephants had higher relative gene abundance of Glycoside Hydrolases family 28 (GH 28) compared to Asian elephants (0.10 vs. 0.08%, FDR = 0.03). Regarding the antibiotic resistance genes carried by gut microbes, MetaStats analysis showed that African elephants had significantly higher relative abundance of vanO (FDR = 0.00), tetQ (FDR = 0.04), and efrA (FDR = 0.04) than Asian elephants encoding resistance for glycopeptide, tetracycline, and macrolide/rifamycin/fluoroquinolone antibiotic, respectively. In conclusion, captive African and Asian elephants on the same diet have distinct gut microbial communities. Our findings established the ground work for future research on improving gut health of captive elephants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Caiyu Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Tonghao Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Youcong Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Madsen AE, Minge C, Pushpakumara TV, Weerathunga US, Padmalal UK, Weerakoon DK, de Silva S. Strategies of protected area use by Asian elephants in relation to motivational state and social affiliations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18490. [PMID: 36323758 PMCID: PMC9630427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals' space requirements may vary according to life-history and social considerations. We observed 516 wild adult Asian elephants from both sexes, over 9 years, to investigate how life-history traits and social behavior influence protected-area (PA) use at Udawalawe National Park, Sri Lanka. Male PA-use, quantified in terms of average between-sightings-interval (BSI), was significantly influenced by the interaction of age class and motivational state (i.e. reproduction vs. foraging). Musth lengthened with age, with a median of 24.5 days for ages 21-30, 32.5 days for ages 31-40, and 45 days for those > 40. A minority (11%) used it exclusively during musth, while others used it exclusively for foraging (44%) or both (45%). Males using it in both states and older musth-only males were more likely to be seen across years. There were 16 social communities containing between 2-22 adult females. Females' BSI was significantly influenced by social ties, but this relationship was weak, because members of social communities do not necessarily disperse together, resulting in high individual variation in space-use. Inter-annual variability in sightings among individuals of both sexes indicates that around ¾ of the population is likely non-residential across years, challenging the prevailing fortress-conservation paradigm of wildlife management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia E. Madsen
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Christin Minge
- Trunks and Leaves Inc, Newtonville, MA USA ,grid.9613.d0000 0001 1939 2794Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - U. K. Padmalal
- grid.443391.80000 0001 0349 5393Open University of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Shermin de Silva
- Trunks and Leaves Inc, Newtonville, MA USA ,EFECT, 215 A 3/7 Park Road, Colombo 5, Sri Lanka ,University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de la Torre JA, Cheah C, Lechner AM, Wong EP, Tuuga A, Saaban S, Goossens B, Campos‐Arceiz A. Sundaic elephants prefer habitats on the periphery of protected areas. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Antonio de la Torre
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
- Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya Bioconciencia A.C. Ciudad de Mexico Mexico
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Cheryl Cheah
- WWF‐Malaysia Centre Point Complex Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Alex M. Lechner
- Urban Transformations Hub Monash University Indonesia The Breeze BSD City Indonesia
| | - Ee Phin Wong
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | | | - Salman Saaban
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Sabah Wildlife Department Wisma MUIS Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
- Danau Girang Field Centre c/o Sabah Wildlife Department Kota Kinabalu Malaysia
| | - Ahimsa Campos‐Arceiz
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Das P, Kshettry A, Kumara HN. Trunk picking from a truncating menu: Dry season forage selection by Asian elephant in a multi-use landscape. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271052. [PMID: 35802712 PMCID: PMC9269951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephants show a strong selection towards areas with high foraging opportunities at the landscape level making top-down decisions by first selecting patch types within landscapes and finally species within them. Understanding forage selection in a multi-use landscape is critical for prioritising patches for habitat management, ensuring availability of selected forage, helping in minimizing pressure on food crops and subsequent negative interactions with people. We assessed dry season forage selection in a multi-use landscape of West Bengal state, India. Relative forage use and relative plant species availability ratio were calculated to assess forage selection in a multi-use landscape comprising of the forest, tea estates, agricultural land, and human settlement. Forage use was assessed using the opportunistic feeding trail observation method (150.01 km). Stratified random sampling was used to assess plant species availability using the quadrat method (123 plots of 0.1 ha each). Among 286 plant species recorded, 132 plant species were consumed by elephants. A majority (80.21%) of plant species were consumed more than the proportional availability thereby showing selective foraging during the dry season in the study area. From forest to semi-open forest and open forest, canopy layer tree density and the total number of species decreased whereas invasive species density increased. This indicates the high impact on the forage species availability for elephants and the requirement of appropriate habitat management strategies. The presence of 32.14% of the selected forage species in human-use landscape alone demands the development of conservation interventions. This is the first study to assess forage selection by elephants in a multi-use landscape and used to prioritise conservation and management strategies at a landscape level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Das
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail: (PD); (HNK)
| | - Aritra Kshettry
- INSPIRE-Fellow, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - H. N. Kumara
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail: (PD); (HNK)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A Review of Human-Elephant Ecological Relations in the Malay Peninsula: Adaptations for Coexistence. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between humans and elephants is of particular interest for reducing conflict and encouraging coexistence. This paper reviews the ecological relationship between humans and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in the rainforests of the Malay Peninsula, examining the extent of differentiation of spatio-temporal and trophic niches. We highlight the strategies that people and elephants use to partition an overlapping fundamental niche. When elephants are present, forest-dwelling people often build above-the-ground shelters; and when people are present, elephants avoid open areas during the day. People are able to access several foods that are out of reach of elephants or inedible; for example, people use water to leach poisons from tubers of wild yams, use blowpipes to kill arboreal game, and climb trees to access honey. We discuss how the transition to agriculture affected the human–elephant relationship by increasing the potential for competition. We conclude that the traditional foraging cultures of the Malay Peninsula are compatible with wildlife conservation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wong EP, Campos-Arceiz A, Zulaikha N, Chackrapani P, Quilter AG, de la Torre JA, Solana-Mena A, Tan WH, Ong L, Rusli MA, Sinha S, Ponnusamy V, Lim TW, Or OC, Aziz AF, Hii N, Tan ASL, Wadey J, Loke VPW, Zawawi A, Idris MM, Abdul Patah P, Abdul Rahman MT, Saaban S. Living With Elephants: Evidence-Based Planning to Conserve Wild Elephants in a Megadiverse South East Asian Country. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.682590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory of Change (ToC) and Social Return of Investment (SROI) are planning tools that help projects craft strategic approaches in order to create the most impact. In 2018, the Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants (MEME) carried out planning exercises using these tools to develop an Asian elephant conservation project with agriculture communities. First, a problem tree was constructed together with stakeholders, with issues arranged along a cause-and-effect continuum. There were 17 main issues identified, ranging from habitat connectivity and fragmentation, to the lack of tolerance toward wild elephants. All issues ultimately stemmed from a human mindset that favors human-centric development. The stakeholders recognize the need to extend conservation efforts beyond protected areas and move toward coexistence with agriculture communities for the survival of the wild elephants. We mapped previous Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) management methods and other governmental policies in Malaysia against the problem tree, and provided an overview of the different groups of stakeholders. The ToC was developed and adapted for each entity, while including Asian elephants as a stakeholder in the project. From the SROI estimation, we extrapolated the intrinsic value of the wild Asian elephant population in Johor, Malaysia, to be conservatively worth at least MYR 7.3 million (USD 1.8 million) per year. From the overall calculations, the potential SROI value of the project is 18.96 within 5 years, meaning for every ringgit invested in the project, it generates MYR 18.96 (USD 4.74) worth of social return value. There are caveats with using these value estimations outside of the SROI context, which was thoroughly discussed. The SROI provides projects with the ability to justify to funders the social return values of its activities, which we have adapted to include the intrinsic value of an endangered megafauna. Moreover, SROI encourages projects to consider unintended impacts (i.e., replacement, displacement, and deadweight), and acknowledge contributions from stakeholders. The development of the problem tree and ToC via SROI approach, can help in clarifying priorities and encourage thinking out of the box. For this case study, we presented the thinking process, full framework and provided evidences to support the Theory of Change.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen S, Sun GZ, Wang Y, Huang C, Chen Y, Liu P, Deng Y, Cao DF, Zhang MX, Ong S, Zhang ZY, Yang HP, Wang QY, Wang B, Zheng X, Lei Y, Li C, Sun J, Bao MW, Yang ZC, Guan L, Sun YK, Zhou FY, Liu JX, Li LL, Wang F, Corlett RT, Quan RC, Chen MY, Zhang L, Shi K, Campos-Arceiz A. A multistakeholder exercise to identify research and conservation priorities for Asian elephants in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
9
|
de la Torre JA, Wong EP, Lechner AM, Zulaikha N, Zawawi A, Abdul‐Patah P, Saaban S, Goossens B, Campos‐Arceiz A. There will be conflict – agricultural landscapes are prime, rather than marginal, habitats for Asian elephants. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. de la Torre
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
- Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya Bioconciencia A.C Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - E. P. Wong
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
- Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
| | - A. M. Lechner
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
- Lincoln Centre for Water and Planetary Health School of Geography University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Lincoln Lincolnshire LN6 7TS UK
| | - N. Zulaikha
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
- Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
| | - A. Zawawi
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - P. Abdul‐Patah
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - S. Saaban
- Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - B. Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
- Danau Girang Field Centre Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Sabah Wildlife Department Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia
- Sustainable Places Research Institute Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - A. Campos‐Arceiz
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar
- Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences XTBG Menglun Yunnan China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan WH, Hii A, Solana‐Mena A, Wong EP, Loke VPW, Tan ASL, Kromann‐Clausen A, Hii N, bin Pura P, bin Tunil MT, A/L Din S, Chin CF, Campos‐Arceiz A. Long‐term monitoring of seed dispersal by Asian elephants in a Sundaland rainforest. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Harn Tan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Adeline Hii
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Alicia Solana‐Mena
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Ee Phin Wong
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
- Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants University of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Vivienne P. W. Loke
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Ange S. L. Tan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Anders Kromann‐Clausen
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Ning Hii
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Param bin Pura
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Tauhid bin Tunil
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Sudin A/L Din
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Chiew Foan Chin
- School of Biosciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
| | - Ahimsa Campos‐Arceiz
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences The University of Nottingham Malaysia Kajang Malaysia
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar
- Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
McShea WJ, Sukmasuang R, Erickson DL, Herrmann V, Ngoprasert D, Bhumpakphan N, Davies SJ. Metabarcoding reveals diet diversity in an ungulate community in Thailand. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. McShea
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
| | - Ronglarp Sukmasuang
- Department of Forest Biology Faculty of Forestry Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Valentine Herrmann
- Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal VA USA
| | - Dusit Ngoprasert
- Conservation Ecology Program King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Thailand
| | - Naris Bhumpakphan
- Department of Forest Biology Faculty of Forestry Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- ForestGeo Program Smithsonian Tropical Biology Institute Washington DC USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Torre JA, Lechner AM, Wong EP, Magintan D, Saaban S, Campos‐Arceiz A. Using elephant movements to assess landscape connectivity under Peninsular Malaysia's central forest spine land use policy. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Antonio Torre
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya, Bioconciencia A.C. Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Alex M. Lechner
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Mindset Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental StudiesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - Ee P. Wong
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Mindset Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental StudiesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
| | - David Magintan
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Salman Saaban
- Department of Wildlife and National Parks Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ahimsa Campos‐Arceiz
- School of Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Mindset Interdisciplinary Centre for Environmental StudiesUniversity of Nottingham Malaysia Semenyih Malaysia
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Mengla China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Edwards DP, Socolar JB, Mills SC, Burivalova Z, Koh LP, Wilcove DS. Conservation of Tropical Forests in the Anthropocene. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R1008-R1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Bocherens H. The Rise of the Anthroposphere since 50,000 Years: An Ecological Replacement of Megaherbivores by Humans in Terrestrial Ecosystems? Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|