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Ostridge HJ, Fontsere C, Lizano E, Soto DC, Schmidt JM, Saxena V, Alvarez-Estape M, Barratt CD, Gratton P, Bocksberger G, Lester JD, Dieguez P, Agbor A, Angedakin S, Assumang AK, Bailey E, Barubiyo D, Bessone M, Brazzola G, Chancellor R, Cohen H, Coupland C, Danquah E, Deschner T, Dotras L, Dupain J, Egbe VE, Granjon AC, Head J, Hedwig D, Hermans V, Hernandez-Aguilar RA, Jeffery KJ, Jones S, Junker J, Kadam P, Kaiser M, Kalan AK, Kambere M, Kienast I, Kujirakwinja D, Langergraber KE, Lapuente J, Larson B, Laudisoit A, Lee KC, Llana M, Maretti G, Martín R, Meier A, Morgan D, Neil E, Nicholl S, Nixon S, Normand E, Orbell C, Ormsby LJ, Orume R, Pacheco L, Preece J, Regnaut S, Robbins MM, Rundus A, Sanz C, Sciaky L, Sommer V, Stewart FA, Tagg N, Tédonzong LR, van Schijndel J, Vendras E, Wessling EG, Willie J, Wittig RM, Yuh YG, Yurkiw K, Vigilant L, Piel A, Boesch C, Kühl HS, Dennis MY, Marques-Bonet T, Arandjelovic M, Andrés AM. Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.601734. [PMID: 39026872 PMCID: PMC11257515 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.601734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species such as non-human great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly interesting because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest to woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates such habitat diversity remains unknown, despite having wide implications for evolutionary biology and conservation. Using 828 newly generated exomes from wild chimpanzees, we find evidence of fine-scale genetic adaptation to habitat. Notably, adaptation to malaria in forest chimpanzees is mediated by the same genes underlying adaptation to malaria in humans. This work demonstrates the power of non-invasive samples to reveal genetic adaptations in endangered populations and highlights the importance of adaptive genetic diversity for chimpanzees. One-Sentence Summary Chimpanzees show evidence of local genetic adaptation to habitat, particularly to pathogens, such as malaria, in forests.
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