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Alluli A, Fonseca G, Matthews J, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. Regulation of long non-coding RNA expression by aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Toxicol Lett 2024; 391:13-25. [PMID: 38036013 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytosolic transcription factor that can be activated by endogenous or xenobiotic ligands. Upon activation, the AhR translocates to the nucleus, dimerizes with the AhR nuclear translator (ARNT), and binds to specific DNA sequences called xenobiotic response elements (XRE) to promote target gene transcription, including cytochrome P450 (e.g., CYP1A1) expression. In addition to mRNA, the AhR may also regulate long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression. lncRNA are transcripts more than 200 nucleotides in length that do not encode a protein. Herein, we tested whether AhR activation regulates the expression of lncRNA in response to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that many lncRNA (e.g., SATB1-AS1, MIR4290HG, AC008969.1, LINC01533, VIPR1-AS1) and protein-coding RNA (e.g., CYP1A1, BX005266.2, AQP3, BTG2, DCX, and AhRR) were differentially expressed (DE) in A549 cells treated with B[a]P; many of these genes were dependent on AhR expression including CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and TiPARP. GO analyses indicated that DE protein-coding RNAs in A549WT cells are associated with distinct molecular functions compared to A549KO cells. KEGG analyses showed the hsa01100 pathway was associated with DE lncRNA only in A549WT cells. A549KO cells treated with B[a]P exhibited a distinct set of differentially-regulated lncRNA including upregulation of HOTAIR. We further confirmed that despite AhR activation in A549WT cells, B[a]P did not alter the expression of many well-characterized lncRNA including NEAT1, HOTTIP, SOX2OT, MALAT1, H19, and Linc00673. Thus, there is control over select lncRNA expression in A549 cells exposed to B[a]P, a finding which could yield insight into the molecular function of the AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeshah Alluli
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gregory Fonseca
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David H Eidelman
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program at the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Vallejos PA, Gonda A, Yu J, Sullivan BG, Ostowari A, Kwong ML, Choi A, Selleck MJ, Kabagwira J, Fuller RN, Gironda DJ, Levine EA, Hughes CCW, Wall NR, Miller LD, Senthil M. Plasma Exosome Gene Signature Differentiates Colon Cancer from Healthy Controls. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:3833-3844. [PMID: 36864326 PMCID: PMC10175396 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-13219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsies have become an integral part of cancer management as minimally invasive options to detect molecular and genetic changes. However, current options show poor sensitivity in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Novel exosome-based liquid biopsies may provide critical information on these challenging tumors. In this initial feasibility analysis, we identified an exosome gene signature of 445 genes (ExoSig445) from colon cancer patients, including those with PC, that is distinct from healthy controls. METHODS Plasma exosomes from 42 patients with metastatic and non-metastatic colon cancer and 10 healthy controls were isolated and verified. RNAseq analysis of exosomal RNA was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the DESeq2 algorithm. The ability of RNA transcripts to discriminate control and cancer cases was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and Bayesian compound covariate predictor classification. An exosomal gene signature was compared with tumor expression profiles of The Cancer Genome Atlas. RESULTS Unsupervised PCA using exosomal genes with greatest expression variance showed stark separation between controls and patient samples. Using separate training and test sets, gene classifiers were constructed capable of discriminating control and patient samples with 100% accuracy. Using a stringent statistical threshold, 445 DEGs fully delineated control from cancer samples. Furthermore, 58 of these exosomal DEGs were found to be overexpressed in colon tumors. CONCLUSIONS Plasma exosomal RNAs can robustly discriminate colon cancer patients, including patients with PC, from healthy controls. ExoSig445 can potentially be developed as a highly sensitive liquid biopsy test in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Vallejos
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Amber Gonda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Brittany G Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Arsha Ostowari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Mei Li Kwong
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Choi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Selleck
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ryan N Fuller
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Gironda
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward A Levine
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Department of Basic Science, Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Maheswari Senthil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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3
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Wang J, Huang Z, Ji L, Chen C, Wan Q, Xin Y, Pu Z, Li K, Jiao J, Yin Y, Hu Y, Gong L, Zhang R, Yang X, Fang X, Wang M, Zhang B, Shao J, Zou J. SHF Acts as a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Glioblastoma Multiforme by Disrupting STAT3 Dimerization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200169. [PMID: 35843865 PMCID: PMC9475553 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sustained activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a critical contributor in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance, thus making it an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Here, SH2 domain-containing adapter protein F (SHF) is identified as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and its negative regulation of STAT3 activity is characterized. Mechanically, SHF selectively binds and inhibits acetylated STAT3 dimerization without affecting STAT3 phosphorylation or acetylation. Additionally, by blocking STAT3-DNMT1 (DNA Methyltransferase 1) interaction, SHF relieves methylation of tumor suppressor genes. The SH2 domain is documented to be essential for SHF's actions on STAT3, and almost entirely replaces the functions of SHF on STAT3 independently. Moreover, the peptide C16 a peptide derived from the STAT3-binding sites of SHF inhibits STAT3 dimerization and STAT3/DNMT1 interaction, and achieves remarkable growth inhibition in GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings strongly identify targeting of the SHF/STAT3 interaction as a promising strategy for developing an optimal STAT3 inhibitor and provide early evidence of the potential clinical efficacy of STAT3 inhibitors such as C16 in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Zixuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Li Ji
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Quan Wan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214002P. R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Industry BiotechnologySchool of BiotechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122P. R. China
| | - Zhening Pu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Koukou Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Jiantong Jiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Yaling Hu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Lingli Gong
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Xusheng Yang
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of RadiologyWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Junfei Shao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Laboratory MedicineWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
- Center of Clinical ResearchWuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu214023China
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Yamaguchi-Kabata Y, Morihara T, Ohara T, Ninomiya T, Takahashi A, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Hayashi N, Shigemizu D, Boroevich KA, Ikeda M, Kubo M, Takeda M, Tsunoda T. Integrated analysis of human genetic association study and mouse transcriptome suggests LBH and SHF genes as novel susceptible genes for amyloid-β accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Genet 2018; 137:521-533. [PMID: 30006735 PMCID: PMC6061045 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurological disease that causes dementia in humans. Although the reports of associated pathological genes have been increasing, the molecular mechanism leading to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in human brain is still not well understood. To identify novel genes that cause accumulation of Aβ in AD patients, we conducted an integrative analysis by combining a human genetic association study and transcriptome analysis in mouse brain. First, we examined genome-wide gene expression levels in the hippocampus, comparing them to amyloid Aβ level in mice with mixed genetic backgrounds. Next, based on a GWAS statistics obtained by a previous study with human AD subjects, we obtained gene-based statistics from the SNP-based statistics. We combined p values from the two types of analysis across orthologous gene pairs in human and mouse into one p value for each gene to evaluate AD susceptibility. As a result, we found five genes with significant p values in this integrated analysis among the 373 genes analyzed. We also examined the gene expression level of these five genes in the hippocampus of independent human AD cases and control subjects. Two genes, LBH and SHF, showed lower expression levels in AD cases than control subjects. This is consistent with the gene expression levels of both the genes in mouse which were negatively correlated with Aβ accumulation. These results, obtained from the integrative approach, suggest that LBH and SHF are associated with the AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yamaguchi-Kabata
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Takashi Morihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Institute of Neuropathology, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Institute of Neuropathology, Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi, 441-8124, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daichi Shigemizu
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriastrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Keith A Boroevich
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
- Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Welsh M, Jamalpour M, Zang G, Åkerblom B. The role of the Src Homology-2 domain containing protein B (SHB) in β cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:R21-31. [PMID: 26489764 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review will describe the SH2-domain signaling protein Src Homology-2 domain containing protein B (SHB) and its role in various physiological processes relating in particular to glucose homeostasis and β cell function. SHB operates downstream of several tyrosine kinase receptors and assembles signaling complexes in response to receptor activation by interacting with other signaling proteins via its other domains (proline-rich, phosphotyrosine-binding and tyrosine-phosphorylation sites). The subsequent responses are context-dependent. Absence of Shb in mice has been found to exert effects on hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and glucose metabolism. Specifically, first-phase insulin secretion in response to glucose was impaired and this effect was related to altered characteristics of focal adhesion kinase activation modulating signaling through Akt, ERK, β catenin and cAMP. It is believed that SHB plays a role in integrating adaptive responses to various stimuli by simultaneously modulating cellular responses in different cell-types, thus playing a role in maintaining physiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Welsh
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala University, PO Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Jamalpour
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala University, PO Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guangxiang Zang
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala University, PO Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkerblom
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala University, PO Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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Unravelling the RNA-Binding Properties of SAFB Proteins in Breast Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:395816. [PMID: 26273616 PMCID: PMC4529905 DOI: 10.1155/2015/395816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold attachment factor B1 (SAFB1) and SAFB2 proteins are oestrogen (ER) corepressors that bind to and modulate ER activity through chromatin remodelling or interaction with the basal transcription machinery. SAFB proteins also have an internal RNA-recognition motif but little is known about the RNA-binding properties of SAFB1 or SAFB2. We utilised crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) coupled with high-throughput sequencing to enable a transcriptome-wide mapping of SAFB1 protein-RNA interactions in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Analysis of crosslinking frequency mapped to transcript regions revealed that SAFB1 binds to coding and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The highest proportion of SAFB1 crosslink sites mapped to ncRNAs, followed by intergenic regions, open reading frames (ORFs), introns, and 3′ or 5′ untranslated regions (UTR). Furthermore, we reveal that SAFB1 binds directly to RNA and its binding is particularly enriched at purine-rich sequences not dissimilar to the RNA-binding motifs for SR proteins. Using RNAi, we also show, for the first time, that single depletion of either SAFB1 or SAFB2 leads to an increase in expression of the other SAFB protein in both MCF-7 and MDA-MD231 breast cancer cells.
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BMCC1, which is an interacting partner of BCL2, attenuates AKT activity, accompanied by apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1607. [PMID: 25611382 PMCID: PMC4669766 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BNIP2 and Cdc42GAP homology (BCH) motif-containing molecule at the carboxyl-terminal region 1 (BMCC1) gene is highly expressed in patients with favorable neuroblastoma (NB). It encodes a 340-kDa protein with a conserved BCH scaffold domain that may regulate signaling networks and multiple cellular functions, including apoptosis. In this study, we determined the mechanism by which BMCC1 promotes apoptosis in human NB and non-NB cells, as BMCC1 is normally expressed in various organs, particularly in neuronal and epithelial tissues. We demonstrated in this report that BMCC1 was induced by DNA damage, one of the triggers of intrinsic apoptosis. Accordingly, we investigated whether BMCC1 expression impacts intracellular signals in the regulation of apoptosis via its C-terminal region containing BCH scaffold domain. BMCC1 decreased phosphorylation of survival signals on AKT and its upstream kinase PDK1. BMCC1 upregulation was correlated with the activation of forkhead box-O3a (FOXO3a) (a downstream inducer of apoptosis, which is suppressed by AKT) and induction of BCL2 inhibitor BIM, suggesting that BMCC1 negatively regulates phosphorylation pathway of AKT, resulted in apoptosis. In addition, we found that BNIP2 homology region of BMCC1 interacts with BCL2. Intrinsic apoptosis induced by DNA damage was enhanced by BMCC1 overexpression, and was diminished by knockdown of BMCC1. Taken together, we conclude that BMCC1 promotes apoptosis at multiple steps in AKT-mediated survival signal pathway. These steps include physical interaction with BCL2 and attenuation of AKT-dependent inhibition of FOXO3a functions, such as transcriptional induction of BIM and phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) after DNA damage. We propose that downregulation of BMCC1 expression, which is frequently observed in unfavorable NB and epithelial-derived cancers, may facilitate tumor development by abrogating DNA damage repair and apoptosis.
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Roessler J, Ammerpohl O, Gutwein J, Steinemann D, Schlegelberger B, Weyer V, Sariyar M, Geffers R, Arnold N, Schmutzler R, Bartram CR, Heinrich T, Abbas M, Antonopoulos W, Schipper E, Hasemeier B, Kreipe H, Lehmann U. The CpG island methylator phenotype in breast cancer is associated with the lobular subtype. Epigenomics 2014; 7:187-99. [PMID: 25347269 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in DNA methylation patterns are well-described in human malignancies. However, the existence of the 'CpG island methylator phenotype' (CIMP) in human breast cancer is still controversial. MATERIALS & METHODS Illumina's HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip was used to analyze genome-wide DNA methylation patterns. Chromosomal abnormalities were determined by array-based CGH. RESULTS Invasive lobular breast carcinomas exhibit the highest number of differentially methylated CpG sites and a strong inverse correlation of aberrant DNA hypermethylation and copy number alterations. Nine differentially methylated regions within seven genes discriminating the investigated subgroups were identified and validated in an independent validation cohort and correlated to a better relapse-free survival. CONCLUSION These results depict a clear difference between genetically and epigenetically unstable breast carcinomas indicating different ways of tumor progression and/or initiation, which strongly supports the association of CIMP with the lobular subtype and provide new options for detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuber-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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9
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ALK gene amplification is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2735-43. [PMID: 24129244 PMCID: PMC3833224 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been found to be altered in several solid and haematological tumours. ALK gene copy number changes and mutations in colorectal cancers (CRCs) are not well characterised. We aimed to study the prevalence of ALK copy number changes, translocations, gene mutations and protein expression in 770 CRC patients, and correlate these findings with molecular and clinico-pathological data. METHODS ALK gene copy number variations and ALK expression were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Translocations of the ALK gene were not observed; 3.4% (26 out of 756) of the CRC patients tested had an increase in ALK gene copy number either amplification or gain. Interestingly, increased ALK gene copy number alteration was associated with poor prognosis (P=0.0135) and was an independent prognostic marker in multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. The study reveals a significant impact of ALK gene copy number alterations on the outcome of patients with CRC. CONCLUSION The findings of our study highlight a potential role of targeting ALK in advanced CRCs by using ALK FISH and ALK IHC as a screening tool to detect ALK alterations. Based on these findings, a potential role of ALK inhibitor as a therapeutic agent in a subset of CRC merits further investigation.
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Takagi D, Tatsumi Y, Yokochi T, Takatori A, Ohira M, Kamijo T, Kondo S, Fujii Y, Nakagawara A. Novel adaptor protein Shf interacts with ALK receptor and negatively regulates its downstream signals in neuroblastoma. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:563-72. [PMID: 23360421 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our neuroblastoma cDNA project previously identified Src homology 2 domain containing F (Shf) as one of the genes expressed at high levels in favorable neuroblastoma. Shf is an adaptor protein containing four putative tyrosine phosphorylation sites and an SH2 domain. In this study, we found that Shf interacted with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase in neuroblastoma. Real-time PCR analysis showed that Shf mRNA is highly expressed in non-metastatic neuroblastomas compared to metastatic tumor samples (P < 0.030, n = 106). Interestingly, patients showing high ALK and low Shf mRNA expressions showed poor prognosis, whereas low ALK and high Shf expressions were related to better prognosis (P < 0.023, n = 38). Overexpression of ALK and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Shf yielded similar results, such as an increase in cellular growth and phosphorylation of ALK, in addition to Erk1/2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that are downstream signals of the ALK-initiated phospho-transduction pathway. Knockdown of Shf also increased the cellular mobility and invasive capability of neuroblastoma cells. These results suggest that Shf interacts with ALK and negatively regulates the ALK-initiated signal transduction pathway in neuroblastoma. We thus propose that Shf inhibits phospho-transduction signals mediated by ALK, which is one of the major key players on neuroblastoma development, resulting in better prognosis of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Division of Biochemistry and Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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