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Yokoshiki S, Arato T. Implementation status of pharmacological studies in the development of orphan drugs. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:5. [PMID: 38167464 PMCID: PMC10763054 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-03000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonclinical as well as clinical development of orphan drugs is difficult, owing to unknown pathophysiology and the absence of animal models. Both, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance and European Medicines Agency (EMA) Guidelines, for orphan drug development describe non-clinical studies, but lack specific information, such as animal species and study design. Against this background, this study aimed to elucidate efficient methods for evaluating nonclinical efficacy based on a review report of orphan drugs approved in Japan. RESULTS A total of 184 orphan drugs, including 84 anticancer and 100 non-anticancer drugs, approved in Japan from January 2010 to December 2019 were investigated. Some anticancer drugs progressed to clinical development without distinct efficacy data in nonclinical studies. Patient-derived cells have been used for some drugs due to a lack of established cell lines. Cells used for non-clinical studies were devised for drugs indicated for cancers resistant to prior therapies, tumours with specific amino acid mutations in the target molecules, and solid tumours with specific biomarkers. For some non-anticancer drugs, similar disease animal models and normal animals were used for evaluation, since animal models did not exist. Biomarkers have been used specifically for evaluation in normal animals and as endpoints in some clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS It was possible to evaluate drug efficacy by flexibly designing nonclinical studies according to disease characteristics for potentials orphan drugs. These approaches, which are not described in detail in the EMA Guideline or FDA Guidance, may thus lead to approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Yokoshiki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
- Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care (HELIOS), Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Teruyo Arato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
- Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care (HELIOS), Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan.
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2
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Shinada M, Kato D, Motegi T, Tsuboi M, Ikeda N, Aoki S, Iguchi T, Li T, Kodera Y, Ota R, Hashimoto Y, Takahashi Y, Chambers J, Uchida K, Kato Y, Nishimura R, Nakagawa T. Podoplanin Drives Amoeboid Invasion in Canine and Human Mucosal Melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1205-1219. [PMID: 37493578 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal melanoma metastasizes at an early stage of the disease in human and dog. We revealed that overexpression of podoplanin in tumor invasion fronts (IF) was related to poor prognosis of dogs with mucosal melanoma. Moreover, podoplanin expressed in canine mucosal melanoma cells promotes proliferation and aggressive amoeboid invasion by activating Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) signaling. PDPN-ROCK-MLC2 signaling plays a role in cell-cycle arrest and cellular senescence escape as a mechanism for regulating proliferation. Podoplanin induces amoeboid invasion in the IFs of mouse xenografted tumor tissues, similar to canine mucosal melanoma clinical samples. We further identified that podoplanin expression was related to poor prognosis of human patients with mucosal melanoma, and human mucosal melanoma with podoplanin-high expression enriched gene signatures related to amoeboid invasion, similar to canine mucosal melanoma. Overall, we propose that podoplanin promotes canine and human mucosal melanoma metastasis by inducing aggressive amoeboid invasion and naturally occurring canine mucosal melanoma can be a novel research model for podoplanin expressing human mucosal melanoma. IMPLICATIONS Podoplanin could be a new therapeutic target to restrict the metastatic dissemination of canine and human mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shinada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Motegi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Aoki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Iguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kodera
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ota
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takahashi
- Veterinary Medical Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Kawai A, Goto T, Shibata T, Tani K, Mizutani S, Nishikawa A, Shibata T, Matsumoto S, Nagata K, Narukawa M, Matsui S, Ando M, Toguchida J, Monden M, Heike T, Kimura S, Ueda R. Current state of therapeutic development for rare cancers in Japan, and proposals for improvement. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1731-1737. [PMID: 29878624 PMCID: PMC5980298 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses current obstacles to the rapid development of safe and effective treatments for rare cancers, and considers measures required to overcome these challenges. In order to develop novel clinical options for rare cancers, which tend to remain left out of novel therapeutic development because of their paucity, efficient recruitment of eligible patients, who tend to be widely dispersed across the country and treated at different centers, is necessary. For this purpose, it is important to establish rare cancer registries that are linked with clinical studies, to organize a central pathological diagnosis system and biobanks for rare cancers, and to consolidate patients with rare cancers to facilities that can conduct clinical studies meeting international standards. Establishing an all-Japan cooperative network is essential. Clinical studies of rare cancers have considerable limitations in study design and sample size as a result of paucity of eligible patients and, as a result, the level of confirmation of the efficacy and safety shown by the studies is relatively low. Therefore, measures to alleviate these weaknesses inherent to external conditions need to be explored. It is also important to reform the current research environment in order to develop world-leading treatment for rare cancers, including promotion of basic research, collaboration between industry and academia, and improvement of the infrastructure for clinical studies. Collaboration among a wide range of stakeholders is required to promote the clinical development of treatment for rare cancers under a nationwide consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kawai
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology and RehabilitationRare Cancer CenterNational Cancer Center HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Goto
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, RIKENTsukubaJapan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Molecular MedicineHuman Genome CenterInstitute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kenzaburo Tani
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Project Division of ALA Advanced Medical ResearchThe Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shuki Mizutani
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishikawa
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Biological Safety Research CenterNational Institute of Health SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Taro Shibata
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Biostatistics DivisionCenter for Research Administration and SupportNational Cancer CenterTokyoJapan
| | - Seiichi Matsumoto
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Sarcoma CenterThe Cancer Institute Hospital of JFCRTokyoJapan
| | - Kyosuke Nagata
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Mamoru Narukawa
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Pharmaceutical Medicine)School of PharmacyKitasato UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Shigeyuki Matsui
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Department of BiostatisticsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Masashi Ando
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical OncologyAichi Cancer Center HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Junya Toguchida
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences/Center for iPS Cell Research and ApplicationKyoto UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Morito Monden
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Sakai City Hospital OrganizationSakaiJapan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical CenterAmagasakiJapan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineFaculty of MedicineSaga UniversitySagaJapan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Subcommittee on Rare CancersThe Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices AgencyTokyoJapan
- Department of Tumor ImmunologyAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
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4
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Hayakawa Y, Kawada M, Nishikawa H, Ochiya T, Saya H, Seimiya H, Yao R, Hayashi M, Kai C, Matsuda A, Naoe T, Ohtsu A, Okazaki T, Saji H, Sata M, Sugimura H, Sugiyama Y, Toi M, Irimura T. Report on the use of non-clinical studies in the regulatory evaluation of oncology drugs. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:189-202. [PMID: 26919617 PMCID: PMC4768389 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non‐clinical studies are necessary at each stage of the development of oncology drugs. Many experimental cancer models have been developed to investigate carcinogenesis, cancer progression, metastasis, and other aspects in cancer biology and these models turned out to be useful in the efficacy evaluation and the safety prediction of oncology drugs. While the diversity and the degree of engagement in genetic changes in the initiation of cancer cell growth and progression are widely accepted, it has become increasingly clear that the roles of host cells, tissue microenvironment, and the immune system also play important roles in cancer. Therefore, the methods used to develop oncology drugs should continuously be revised based on the advances in our understanding of cancer. In this review, we extensively summarize the effective use of those models, their advantages and disadvantages, ranges to be evaluated and limitations of the models currently used for the development and for the evaluation of oncology drugs. This review summarizes the effective use of animal models, their advantages and disadvantages, ranges to be evaluated and limitations of the models currently used for the development and for the evaluation of oncology drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yao
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohtsu
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taku Okazaki
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Immune Regulation, Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN Cluster for Industry Partnerships, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Subcommittee on Non-clinical Studies, The Science Board to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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