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Kimura T, Okita Y, Nagumo Y, Chin JM, Fikry MA, Shiga M, Kandori S, Kawahara T, Suzuki H, Nishiyama H, Kato M. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B impacts the malignant potential of bladder cancer cells through its hem-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. Pathol Int 2024; 74:262-273. [PMID: 38501371 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers among men worldwide. Although multiple genomic mutations and epigenetic alterations have been identified, an efficacious molecularly targeted therapy has yet to be established. Therefore, a novel approach is anticipated. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in various cancers. In this study, we evaluated bladder cancer patient samples and found that GPNMB protein abundance is associated with high-grade tumors, and both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that GPNMB is a prognostic factor. Furthermore, the prognosis of patients with high GPNMB levels was significantly poorer in those with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) than in those with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). We then demonstrated that knockdown of GPNMB in MIBC cell lines with high GPNMB inhibits cellular migration and invasion, whereas overexpression of GPNMB further enhances cellular migration and invasion in MIBC cell lines with originally low GPNMB. Therefore, we propose that GPNMB is one of multiple driver molecules in the acquisition of cellular migratory and invasive potential in bladder cancers. Moreover, we revealed that the tyrosine residue in the hemi-immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (hemITAM) is required for GPNMB-induced cellular motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kimura
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Okita
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Jas Min Chin
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Muhammad Ali Fikry
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuya Kandori
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Gillett DA, Wallings RL, Uriarte Huarte O, Tansey MG. Progranulin and GPNMB: interactions in endo-lysosome function and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:286. [PMID: 38037070 PMCID: PMC10688479 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in progranulin (PGRN) expression are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Recently, the loss of PGRN was shown to result in endo-lysosomal system dysfunction and an age-dependent increase in the expression of another protein associated with NDs, glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB). MAIN BODY It is unclear what role GPNMB plays in the context of PGRN insufficiency and how they interact and contribute to the development or progression of NDs. This review focuses on the interplay between these two critical proteins within the context of endo-lysosomal health, immune function, and inflammation in their contribution to NDs. SHORT CONCLUSION PGRN and GPNMB are interrelated proteins that regulate disease-relevant processes and may have value as therapeutic targets to delay disease progression or extend therapeutic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A Gillett
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Wallings
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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3
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Chen YC, Liaw YC, Nfor ON, Hsiao CH, Zhong JH, Wu SL, Liaw YP. Epigenetic regulation of Parkinson's disease risk variant GPNMB cg17274742 methylation by sex and exercise from Taiwan Biobank. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1235840. [PMID: 37744396 PMCID: PMC10513104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1235840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with an elusive etiology that involves the interaction between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Recently, epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, have been recognized to play an important role in the onset of PD. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a type I transmembrane protein crucial for immune cell activation and maturation, has emerged as a potential biomarker for the risk of PD. This research aims to investigate the influence of exercise and gender on the regulation of methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in individuals. Methods We analyze data from 2,474 participants in the Taiwan Biobank, collected from 2008 and 2016. Methylation levels at the GPNMB cg17274742 CpG site were measured using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC beads. After excluding individuals with incomplete data or missing information on possible risk factors, our final analysis included 1,442 participants. We used multiple linear regression models to assess the association between sex and exercise with adjusted levels of GPNMB cg17274742 for age, BMI, smoking, drinking, coffee consumption, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension. Results Our results demonstrated that exercise significantly influenced the methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in males (β = -0.00242; p = 0.0026), but not in females (β = -0.00002362; p = 0.9785). Furthermore, male participants who exercised showed significantly lower levels of methylation compared to the reference groups of the female and non-exercising reference groups (β = -0.00357; p = 0.0079). The effect of the interaction between gender and exercise on the methylation of GPNMB cg17274742 was statistically significant (p = 0.0078). Conclusion This study suggests that gender and exercise can modulate GPNMB cg17274742, with hypomethylation observed in exercise men. More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and implications of these epigenetic changes in the context of risk and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Liaw
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Han Zhong
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Changhua National University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Manevich L, Okita Y, Okano Y, Sugasawa T, Kawanishi K, Poullikkas T, Dang Cao LTL, Zheng L, Nakayama M, Matsumoto S, Tabuchi K, Kato M. Glycoprotein NMB promotes tumor formation and malignant progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3244-3254. [PMID: 35365934 PMCID: PMC9459245 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), although one of the most common head and neck cancers, has a static or slightly decreased survival rate because of difficulties in early diagnosis, lack of effective molecular targeting therapy, and severe dysfunction after radical surgical treatments. Therefore, a novel therapeutic target is crucial to increase treatment efficacy and survival rates in these patients. Glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB), whose role in LSCC remains elusive, is a type 1 transmembrane protein involved in malignant progression of various cancers, and its high expression is thought to be a poor prognostic factor. In this study, we showed that GPNMB expression levels in LSCC samples are significantly higher than those in normal tissues, and GPNMB expression is observed mostly in growth‐arrested cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of GPNMB reduces monolayer cellular proliferation, cellular migration, and tumorigenic growth, while GPNMB protein displays an inverse relationship with Ki‐67 levels. Therefore, we conclude that GPNMB may be an attractive target for future LSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Manevich
- Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Okita
- Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Okano
- Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Thanasis Poullikkas
- Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Human Biology, School of integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Linda T L Dang Cao
- Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life and Science Center of Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ling Zheng
- Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakayama
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin Matsumoto
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiji Tabuchi
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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5
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Nickl B, Qadri F, Bader M. Anti-inflammatory role of Gpnmb in adipose tissue of mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19614. [PMID: 34608215 PMCID: PMC8490452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can cause a chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is a critical step in the development of type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation is associated with the expression of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein b (Gpnmb), which is mainly expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells. We generated a Gpnmb-knockout mouse line using Crispr-Cas9 to assess the role of Gpnmb in a diet-induced obesity. The absence of Gpnmb did not affect body weight gain and blood lipid parameters. While wildtype animals became obese but remained otherwise metabolically healthy, Gpnmb-knockout animals developed, in addition to obesity, symptoms of metabolic syndrome such as adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance and liver fibrosis. We observed a strong Gpnmb expression in adipose tissue macrophages in wildtype animals and a decreased expression of most macrophage-related genes independent of their inflammatory function. This was corroborated by in vitro data showing that Gpnmb was mostly expressed by reparative macrophages while only pro-inflammatory stimuli induced shedding of Gpnmb. The data suggest that Gpnmb is ameliorating adipose tissue inflammation independent of the polarization of macrophages. Taken together, the data suggest an immune-balancing function of Gpnmb that could delay the metabolic damage caused by the induction of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Nickl
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité University Medicine, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
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6
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Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica cases caused by GPNMB mutations with different inheritance patterns. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 104:48-54. [PMID: 34551863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica (ACD) is a rare form of primary cutaneous amyloidosis featured by reticulate dotted hypo- and hyperpigmentation. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in GPNMB, encoding glycoprotein (transmembrane) nonmetastatic melanoma protein B, were found in autosomal-recessive or semi-dominant ACD. OBJECTIVE This study aims to detect the genetic defect underlying ACD in nine separate cases and to investigate the functional consequences of the mutants. METHODS Nine ACD cases were collected including eight with autosomal-recessive pattern and one with autosomal-dominant pattern. Whole-exome sequencing or Sanger sequencing of the GPNMB gene was performed to detect the pathogenic mutations. Haplotype analysis was employed to determine the origin of mutation c.565C > T using adjacent highly polymorphic SNPs. Immunoblotting and subcellular localization assessments were performed to evaluate the expression of the mutants using HEK293 cells transfected with the GPNMB constructs. RESULTS We detected four recurrent mutations (c.393 T > G, p.Y131*; c.565C > T, p.R189*; c.1056delT, p.P353Lfs*20; c.1238 G > C, p.C413S) and two novel mutations (c.935delA, p.N312Tfs*4; c.969 T > A, p.C323*) in GPNMB. Mutation c.565C > T found in six separate ACD cases shared a common haplotype. The two novel mutations caused a decreased abundance of truncated proteins. The c.1238 G > C mutation, which was detected in the autosomal-dominant case, caused abnormal reticular subcellular localization of the protein. A major percentage of wildtype changed its expression pattern when co-expressed with this mutant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings proved that the recurrent mutation c.565C > T originated from a founder effect. The autosomal-dominant ACD associated mutation p.C413S played its pathogenic role through a dominant-negative effect on wild-type GPNMB. This study expands the genotype and inherited modes of ACD and improves our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Wang C, Okita Y, Zheng L, Shinkai Y, Manevich L, Chin JM, Kimura T, Suzuki H, Kumagai Y, Kato M. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B functions with growth factor signaling to induce tumorigenesis through its serine phosphorylation. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:4187-4197. [PMID: 34327762 PMCID: PMC8486197 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Glycoprotein non–metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a type I transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in many cancers, including breast cancer, has been shown to be a prognostic factor. We previously reported that GPNMB overexpression confers tumorigenic potential, as evidenced by invasive tumor growth in vivo, sphere formation, and cellular migration and invasion to non–tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. In this study, we focused on the serine (S) residue in the intracellular domain of GPNMB (S530 in human isoform b and S546 in mouse), which is predicted to be a phosphorylation site. To investigate the roles of this serine residue, we made an antibody specific for S530‐phosphorylated human GPNMB and a point mutant in which S530 is replaced by an alanine (A) residue, GPNMB(SA). Established GPNMB(SA) overexpressing cells showed a significant reduction in sphere formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo as a result of decreased stemness‐related gene expression compared to that in GPNMB(WT)‐expressing cells. In addition, GPNMB(SA) impaired GPNMB‐mediated cellular migration. Furthermore, we found that tyrosine kinase receptor signaling triggered by epidermal growth factor or fibroblast growth factor 2 induces the serine phosphorylation of GPNMB through activation of downstream oncoproteins RAS and RAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Okita
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ling Zheng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lev Manevich
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jas M Chin
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kimura
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Functional Domains and Evolutionary History of the PMEL and GPNMB Family Proteins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123529. [PMID: 34207849 PMCID: PMC8273697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient paralogs premelanosome protein (PMEL) and glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) have independently emerged as intriguing disease loci in recent years. Both proteins possess common functional domains and variants that cause a shared spectrum of overlapping phenotypes and disease associations: melanin-based pigmentation, cancer, neurodegenerative disease and glaucoma. Surprisingly, these proteins have yet to be shown to physically or genetically interact within the same cellular pathway. This juxtaposition inspired us to compare and contrast this family across a breadth of species to better understand the divergent evolutionary trajectories of two related, but distinct, genes. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary history of PMEL and GPNMB in clade-representative species and identified TMEM130 as the most ancient paralog of the family. By curating the functional domains in each paralog, we identified many commonalities dating back to the emergence of the gene family in basal metazoans. PMEL and GPNMB have gained functional domains since their divergence from TMEM130, including the core amyloid fragment (CAF) that is critical for the amyloid potential of PMEL. Additionally, the PMEL gene has acquired the enigmatic repeat domain (RPT), composed of a variable number of imperfect tandem repeats; this domain acts in an accessory role to control amyloid formation. Our analyses revealed the vast variability in sequence, length and repeat number in homologous RPT domains between craniates, even within the same taxonomic class. We hope that these analyses inspire further investigation into a gene family that is remarkable from the evolutionary, pathological and cell biology perspectives.
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Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B: A key mediator and an emerging therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases. FASEB J 2020; 34:8810-8823. [PMID: 32445534 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB, also known as osteoactivin) is highly expressed in many cell types and regulates the homeostasis in various tissues. In different physiological contexts, it functions as a melanosome-associated protein, membrane-bound surface receptor, soluble ligand, or adhesion molecule. Therefore, GPNMB is involved in cell differentiation, migration, inflammation, metabolism, and neuroprotection. Because of its various involvement in different physiological conditions, GPNMB has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and more recently immune-mediated diseases. This review summarizes the regulation and function of GPNMB in normal physiology, and discusses the involvement of GPNMB in disease conditions with a particular focus on its potential role and therapeutic implications in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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10
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Xie R, Okita Y, Ichikawa Y, Fikry MA, Huynh Dam KT, Tran STP, Kato M. Role of the kringle-like domain in glycoprotein NMB for its tumorigenic potential. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2237-2246. [PMID: 31127873 PMCID: PMC6609797 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) is highly expressed in many types of malignant tumors and thought to be a poor prognostic factor in those cancers, including breast cancer. Glycoprotein NMB is a type IA transmembrane protein that has a long extracellular domain (ECD) and a short intracellular domain (ICD). In general, the ECD of a protein is involved in protein‐protein or protein‐carbohydrate interactions, whereas the ICD is important for intracellular signaling. We previously reported that GPNMB contributes to the initiation and malignant progression of breast cancer through the hemi‐immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif (hemITAM) in its ICD. Furthermore, we showed that the tyrosine residue in hemITAM is involved in induction of the stem‐like properties of breast cancer cells. However, the contribution of the ECD to its tumorigenic function has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we focused on the region, the so‐called kringle‐like domain (KLD), that is conserved among species, and made a deletion mutant, GPNMB(ΔKLD). Enhanced expression of WT GPNMB induced sphere and tumor formation in breast epithelial cells; in contrast, GPNMB(ΔKLD) lacked these activities without affecting its molecular properties, such as subcellular localization, Src‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation at least in overexpression experiments, and homo‐oligomerization. Additionally, GPNMB(ΔKLD) lost its cell migration promoting activity, even though it reduced E‐cadherin expression. Although the interaction partner binding to KLD has not yet been identified, we found that the KLD of GPNMB plays an important role in its tumorigenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Xie
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukari Okita
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yumu Ichikawa
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Muhammad Ali Fikry
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kim Tuyen Huynh Dam
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sophie Thi PhuongDung Tran
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Cell Dynamics, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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