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Taylor CA, Glover M, Maher J. CAR-T cell technologies that interact with the tumour microenvironment in solid tumours. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:849-871. [PMID: 39021098 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2380894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have emerged as a ground-breaking therapy for the treatment of hematological malignancies due to their capacity for rapid tumor-specific killing and long-lasting tumor immunity. However, the same success has not been observed in patients with solid tumors. Largely, this is due to the additional challenges imposed by safe and uniform target selection, inefficient CAR T-cell access to sites of disease and the presence of a hostile immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. AREAS COVERED Literature was reviewed on the PubMed database from the first description of a CAR by Kuwana, Kurosawa and colleagues in December 1987 through to the present day. This literature indicates that in order to tackle solid tumors, CAR T-cells can be further engineered with additional armoring strategies that facilitate trafficking to and infiltration of malignant lesions together with reversal of suppressive immune checkpoints that operate within solid tumor lesions. EXPERT OPINION In this review, we describe a number of recent advances in CAR T-cell technology that set out to combat the problems imposed by solid tumors including tumor recruitment, infiltration, immunosuppression, metabolic compromise, and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Maher
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Eastbourne, East Sussex, UK
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Jiang P, Yang P, Wang W, Cao J, Chen W, Fu J, Lu L, Lu Y, Zhu X. Management of neurotoxicity syndrome complicated by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation bridge to chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy: A case report. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2024; 11:100368. [PMID: 38426045 PMCID: PMC10904158 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Effectively addressing the challenges posed by relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, particularly when employing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and CAR-T therapy, requires a comprehensive approach to treatment and nursing. This case report emphasizes a nursing strategy focused on managing neurotoxicity post-CAR-T therapy. Nursing interventions include the identification of neurotoxicity symptoms, neuropsychiatric management, careful support during lumbar puncture and intrathecal administration, psychological assistance, and adaptive nutritional guidance. The diligent application of treatment and nursing care resulted in a remarkable recovery for the patient, as evidenced by the alleviation of central facial paralysis, improvement in swallowing function (from Grade 4 to Grade 2), and enhanced vocalization. Consistent and specialized nursing care is paramount for effectively managing complications, especially neurotoxicity, in patients undergoing CAR-T therapy. A thorough monitoring of symptoms and personalized care contribute to optimizing treatment outcomes and ensuring patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfang Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hematopoietic Transplant Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hematopoietic Transplant Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Nursing College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hematopoietic Transplant Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jialei Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hematopoietic Transplant Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hematopoietic Transplant Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hematopoietic Transplant Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Nursing College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yin Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hematopoietic Transplant Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaming Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Hematopoietic Transplant Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Dey S, Devender M, Rani S, Pandey RK. Recent advances in CAR T-cell engineering using synthetic biology: Paving the way for next-generation cancer treatment. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:91-156. [PMID: 38762281 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This book chapter highlights a comprehensive exploration of the transformative innovations in the field of cancer immunotherapy. CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) T-cell therapy represents a groundbreaking approach to treat cancer by reprogramming a patient immune cells to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This chapter underscores the critical role of synthetic biology in enhancing the safety and effectiveness of CAR T-cell therapies. It begins by emphasizing the growing importance of personalized medicine in cancer treatment, emphasizing the shift from one-size-fits-all approaches to patient-specific solutions. Synthetic biology, a multidisciplinary field, has been instrumental in customizing CAR T-cell therapies, allowing for fine-tuned precision and minimizing unwanted side effects. The chapter highlights recent advances in gene editing, synthetic gene circuits, and molecular engineering, showcasing how these technologies are optimizing CAR T-cell function. In summary, this book chapter sheds light on the remarkable progress made in the development of CAR T-cell therapies using synthetic biology, providing hope for cancer patients and hinting at a future where highly personalized and effective cancer treatments are the norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Dey
- CSO Department, Cellworks Research India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Moodu Devender
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swati Rani
- ICAR, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.
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Pensato U, de Philippis C, Mannina D, Taurino D, Sarina B, Mariotti J, Villa F, Costantini E, Marcheselli S, Bramanti S. Frontal Lobe Status Epilepticus Related to CAR T-Cell Therapy Responsive to Anakinra. Can J Neurol Sci 2024:1-3. [PMID: 38234097 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2024.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Pensato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara de Philippis
- BMT and Cell Therapy Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Mannina
- BMT and Cell Therapy Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Taurino
- BMT and Cell Therapy Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Sarina
- BMT and Cell Therapy Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Mariotti
- BMT and Cell Therapy Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Bramanti
- BMT and Cell Therapy Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Yang C, You J, Pan Q, Tang Y, Cai L, Huang Y, Gu J, Wang Y, Yang X, Du Y, Ouyang D, Chen H, Zhong H, Li Y, Yang J, Han Y, Sun F, Chen Y, Wang Q, Weng D, Liu Z, Xiang T, Xia J. Targeted delivery of a PD-1-blocking scFv by CD133-specific CAR-T cells using nonviral Sleeping Beauty transposition shows enhanced antitumour efficacy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med 2023; 21:327. [PMID: 37635247 PMCID: PMC10464109 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133 is considered a marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs) in several types of tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chimeric antigen receptor-specific T (CAR-T) cells targeting CD133-positive CSCs have emerged as a tool for the clinical treatment of HCC, but immunogenicity, the high cost of clinical-grade recombinant viral vectors and potential insertional mutagenesis limit their clinical application. METHODS CD133-specific CAR-T cells secreting PD-1 blocking scFv (CD133 CAR-T and PD-1 s cells) were constructed using a sleeping beauty transposon system from minicircle technology, and the antitumour efficacy of CD133 CAR-T and PD-1 s cells was analysed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS A univariate analysis showed that CD133 expression in male patients at the late stage (II and III) was significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.0057) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.015), and a multivariate analysis showed a trend toward worse OS (P = 0.041). Male patients with advanced HCC exhibited an approximately 20-fold higher PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) compared with those with HCC at an early stage. We successfully generated CD133 CAR-T and PD-1 s cells that could secrete PD-1 blocking scFv based on a sleeping beauty system involving minicircle vectors. CD133 CAR-T and PD-1 s cells exhibited significant antitumour activity against HCC in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. Thus, CD133 CAR-T and PD-1 s cells may be a therapeutically tractable strategy for targeting CD133-positive CSCs in male patients with advanced HCC. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a nonviral strategy for constructing CAR-T cells that could also secrete checkpoint blockade inhibitors based on a Sleeping Beauty system from minicircle vectors and revealed a potential benefit of this strategy for male patients with advanced HCC and high CD133 expression (median immunohistochemistry score > 2.284).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopin Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqi You
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuzhong Pan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Cai
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Gu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Du
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dijun Ouyang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhong
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieying Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Han
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengze Sun
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijing Wang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Weng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Xiang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianchuan Xia
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Dagar G, Gupta A, Masoodi T, Nisar S, Merhi M, Hashem S, Chauhan R, Dagar M, Mirza S, Bagga P, Kumar R, Akil ASAS, Macha MA, Haris M, Uddin S, Singh M, Bhat AA. Harnessing the potential of CAR-T cell therapy: progress, challenges, and future directions in hematological and solid tumor treatments. J Transl Med 2023; 21:449. [PMID: 37420216 PMCID: PMC10327392 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional cancer treatments use nonspecific drugs and monoclonal antibodies to target tumor cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, however, leverages the immune system's T-cells to recognize and attack tumor cells. T-cells are isolated from patients and modified to target tumor-associated antigens. CAR-T therapy has achieved FDA approval for treating blood cancers like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, large B-cell lymphoma, and multiple myeloma by targeting CD-19 and B-cell maturation antigens. Bi-specific chimeric antigen receptors may contribute to mitigating tumor antigen escape, but their efficacy could be limited in cases where certain tumor cells do not express the targeted antigens. Despite success in blood cancers, CAR-T technology faces challenges in solid tumors, including lack of reliable tumor-associated antigens, hypoxic cores, immunosuppressive tumor environments, enhanced reactive oxygen species, and decreased T-cell infiltration. To overcome these challenges, current research aims to identify reliable tumor-associated antigens and develop cost-effective, tumor microenvironment-specific CAR-T cells. This review covers the evolution of CAR-T therapy against various tumors, including hematological and solid tumors, highlights challenges faced by CAR-T cell therapy, and suggests strategies to overcome these obstacles, such as utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing and artificial intelligence to optimize clinical-grade CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Manisha Dagar
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology (Lab.), Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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Xia W, Chen J, Hou W, Chen J, Xiong Y, Li H, Qi X, Xu H, Xie Z, Li M, Zhang X, Li J. Engineering a HER2-CAR-NK Cell Secreting Soluble Programmed Cell Death Protein with Superior Antitumor Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076843. [PMID: 37047817 PMCID: PMC10094803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A new therapy strategy for relapsing patients who have received trastuzumab treatment urgently needs to be explored. HER2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing NK cells are being rapidly developed for solid tumor therapy, as they have many advantages over HER2-CAR-T cells. Endogenous soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) from the PD-1 extracellular domain blocks PD-1/PD-L1 interaction to promote cancer immunology. Herein, we engineered a new HER2-CAR-NK cell that co-expresses sPD-1 (designed as sPD-1-CAR-NK cells) and assessed its cytotoxic activities toward various cancer cells, activation of immunity and sPD-1 release in vitro and in mouse models bearing breast cancer cells with high HER2 expression, with or without trastuzumab resistance. We demonstrated that sPD-1-CAR-NK cells were able to release bioactive sPD-1, thereby enhancing the cytolytic activities of HER2-CAR-NK cells against HER2 and PD-L1 highly expressing target cells accompanied by increases in the secretion of perforin, granzyme B and IFN-γ. In vivo, sPD-1-CAR-NK cells had superior immunological anticancer efficacy compared to HER2-CAR-NK cells, and they had advantages over HER2-CAR-NK cells in the intraperitoneal injection of sPD-1. Moreover, the infiltration and activation of NK and T cells into tumor tissue were increased in mice with sPD-1-CAR-NK cells. There was no significant change in the body temperature, organ tissue and body weight in all groups except for the group with the PD-1 injection. Together, these data indicate that HER2-specific sPD-1-CAR-NK cells can transport sPD-1 into cancer tissues with high HER2 expression, further improving the efficacy of HER-CAR-NK cells without obvious side effects. sPD-1-CAR-NK is a promising cytotherapeutic agent for patients bearing HER2-positive breast cancer, including those with trastuzumab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Zuoquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 200126, China
| | - Mingfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
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8
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Jiang M, Qin B, Li X, Liu Y, Guan G, You J. New advances in pharmaceutical strategies for sensitizing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and clinical research. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1837. [PMID: 35929522 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Attempts have been made continuously to use nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) to improve the effect of antitumor therapy. In recent years, especially in the application of immunotherapy represented by antiprogrammed death receptor 1 (anti-PD-1), it has been vigorously developed. Nanodelivery systems are significantly superior in a number of aspects including increasing the solubility of insoluble drugs, enhancing their targeting ability, prolonging their half-life, and reducing side effects. It can not only directly improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, but also indirectly enhance the antineoplastic efficacy of immunotherapy by boosting the effectiveness of therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). Here, we summarize the studies published in recent years on the use of nanotechnology in pharmaceutics to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies, analyze their characteristics and shortcomings, and combine with the current clinical research on anti-PD-1 antibodies to provide a reference for the design of future nanocarriers, so as to further expand the clinical application prospects of NDDSs. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Guan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Adachi K, Tamada K. Paving the road to make chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapy effective against solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4020-4029. [PMID: 36047968 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The three major standard therapies, that is, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have conventionally been applied to the treatments for cancers and have saved many patients. In addition, for intractable, refractory, or advanced malignancies that cannot be cured by the three standard therapies, immunotherapy is an important subject of basic and clinical researches. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) has shown significant therapeutic efficacies on some types of tumors in large-scale randomized clinical trials, making a major impact on clinical oncology by scientifically proving and establishing the effectiveness of an immunotherapy. In 2018, ICI was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and immunotherapy is now becoming the "fourth" standard therapy for cancers. Recently, adoptive cell therapies, in which genetically modified T cells with enhanced reactivity against tumors are infused into the patients, have been attracting considerable attention as a hopeful immunotherapy following ICI. Particularly, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapies demonstrate marked therapeutic efficacies against some hematologic malignancies, and have been approved in many countries. However, current CAR-T-cell therapy is considered to be little effective against solid tumors, which is one of the challenging issues to be overcome in CAR-T-cell therapy. In this review, we at first introduce CAR and CAR-T cell, and then focus on the recent progress of CAR-T-cell therapy against solid tumors as well as the novel concept on a role of CAR-T cells, aiming to further understandings of the novel cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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10
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Chow A, Perica K, Klebanoff CA, Wolchok JD. Clinical implications of T cell exhaustion for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:775-790. [PMID: 36216928 PMCID: PMC10984554 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been a remarkable clinical advancement in the treatment of cancer. T cells are pivotal to the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies. However, cancer is associated with T cell exhaustion, a hypofunctional state characterized by progressive loss of T cell effector functions and self-renewal capacity. The 'un-exhausting' of T cells in the tumour microenvironment is commonly regarded as a key mechanism of action for immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and T cell exhaustion is considered a pathway of resistance for cellular immunotherapies. Several elegant studies have provided important insights into the transcriptional and epigenetic programmes that govern T cell exhaustion. In this Review, we highlight recent discoveries related to the immunobiology of T cell exhaustion that offer a more nuanced perspective beyond this hypofunctional state being entirely undesirable. We review evidence that T cell exhaustion might be as much a reflection as it is the cause of poor tumour control. Furthermore, we hypothesize that, in certain contexts of chronic antigen stimulation, interruption of the exhaustion programme might impair T cell persistence. Therefore, the prioritization of interventions that mitigate the development of T cell exhaustion, including orthogonal cytoreduction therapies and novel cellular engineering strategies, might ultimately confer superior clinical outcomes and the greatest advances in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chow
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Karlo Perica
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A Klebanoff
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Yuti P, Wutti-in Y, Sawasdee N, Kongkhla K, Phanthaphol N, Choomee K, Chieochansin T, Panya A, Junking M, Yenchitsomanus PT, Sujjitjoon J. Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells secreting anti-PD-L1 single-chain variable fragment attenuate PD-L1 mediated T cell inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Mechanisms of Resistance and Strategies to Combat Resistance in PD-(L)1 Blockade. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged survival and durable responses in several late-stage cancers such as melanoma and lung cancer have been made possible with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1. While it is prudent to focus on the unprecedented and durable clinical responses, there are subsets of cancer patients that do not respond to immunotherapies or respond early and then relapse later. Many pathways of resistance have been characterized, and more continue to be uncovered. To overcome the development of resistance, an in-depth investigation is necessary to identify alternative immune receptors and signals with the overarching goal of expanding treatment options for those with demonstrated resistance to PD1 checkpoint immunotherapy. In this mini-review, we will discuss the mechanisms by which tumors exhibit resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and explore strategies to overcome such resistances.
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13
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Ohta K, Sakoda Y, Tamada K. Novel technologies for improving the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. Int J Hematol 2022; 117:647-651. [PMID: 36309630 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has shown significant therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hematological B-cell malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors is limited due to the heterogeneity of tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, there is strong demand for novel technologies to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. In addition, as CAR-T cells often cause severe side effects, systems to control the activity of CAR-T cells so as to avoid or lessen the occurrence and intensity of these side effects are needed. Here, we describe recently emerging approaches to enhance and/or regulate CAR-T cell functions. These approaches have led to the development of CAR-T therapies with improved efficacy and safety, which are expected to be clinically applied to a variety of cancer types in combination with other therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, molecular targeted drugs, and radiation therapy.
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14
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Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:331. [PMID: 36123348 PMCID: PMC9485144 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatments. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking therapy, represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab) and CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab), has shown encouraging therapeutic effects in the treatment of various malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. In addition, with the advent of CAR-T, CAR-M and other novel immunotherapy methods, immunotherapy has entered a new era. At present, evidence indicates that the combination of multiple immunotherapy methods may be one way to improve the therapeutic effect. However, the overall clinical response rate of tumor immunotherapy still needs improvement, which warrants the development of novel therapeutic designs as well as the discovery of biomarkers that can guide the prescription of these agents. Learning from the past success and failure of both clinical and basic research is critical for the rational design of studies in the future. In this article, we describe the efforts to manipulate the immune system against cancer and discuss different targets and cell types that can be exploited to promote the antitumor immune response.
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15
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Development of a human phage display-derived anti-PD-1 scFv antibody: an attractive tool for immune checkpoint therapy. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:22. [PMID: 35996120 PMCID: PMC9396865 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The PD-1 checkpoint pathway plays a major role in tumor immune evasion and the development of the tumor microenvironment. Clinical studies show that therapeutic antibodies blocking the PD-1 pathway can restore anti-tumor or anti-virus immune responses by the reinvigoration of exhausted T cells. Because of the promising results of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases, the PD-1 has emerged as an encouraging target for different diseases. Results In the present study, we employed a human semi-synthetic phage library for isolation of some scFvs against the extracellular domain of PD-1 protein by panning process. After the panning, a novel anti-PD-1 scFv (SS107) was found that exhibited specific binding to PD-1 antigen and stimulated Jurkat T cells. The selected anti-PD-1 scFv could restore the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ by Jurkat T cells that were co-cultured with PD-L1 positive tumor cells. Conclusion This anti-PD-1 scFv with high specificity and the ability to reactivate exhausted T cells has the potential to be developed as an anti-cancer agent or to be used in combination with other therapeutic approaches.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-022-00752-8.
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16
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Derosiers N, Aguilar W, DeGaramo DA, Posey AD. Sweet Immune Checkpoint Targets to Enhance T Cell Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:278-285. [PMID: 35017217 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous success against hematological malignancies, the performance of chimeric Ag receptor T cells against solid tumors remains poor. In such settings, the lack of success of this groundbreaking immunotherapy is in part mediated by ligand engagement of immune checkpoint molecules on the surface of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Although CTLA-4 and programmed death-1 (PD-1) are well-established checkpoints that inhibit T cell activity, the engagement of glycans and glycan-binding proteins are a growing area of interest due to their immunomodulatory effects. This review discusses exemplary strategies to neutralize checkpoint molecules through an in-depth overview of genetic engineering approaches aimed at overcoming the inhibitory programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 axis in T cell therapies and summarizes current knowledge on glycoimmune interactions that mediate T cell immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohelly Derosiers
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - William Aguilar
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - David A DeGaramo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Avery D Posey
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and .,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
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17
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Zur RT, Adler G, Shamalov K, Tal Y, Ankri C, Cohen CJ. Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapy: Perfecting Self-Defenses. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:253-294. [PMID: 35165867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important part of the immune system, T lymphocytes exhibit undoubtedly an important role in targeting and eradicating cancer. However, despite these characteristics, their natural antitumor response may be insufficient. Numerous clinical trials in terminally ill cancer patients testing the design of novel and efficient immunotherapeutic approaches based on the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-specific T lymphocytes have shown encouraging results. Moreover, this also led to the approval of engineered T-cell therapies in patients. Herein, we will expand on the development and the use of such strategies using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically engineered T-cells. We will also comment on the requirements and potential hurdles encountered when elaborating and implementing such treatments as well as the exciting prospects for this kind of emerging personalized medicine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Toledano Zur
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galit Adler
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Katerina Shamalov
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yair Tal
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Chen Ankri
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Cyrille J Cohen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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18
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Zhang ZZ, Wang T, Wang XF, Zhang YQ, Song SX, Ma CQ. Improving the ability of CAR-T cells to hit solid tumors: Challenges and strategies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106036. [PMID: 34920118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a late-model of immune cell therapy that has been shown to be effective in refractory/recurrent B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. Compared with the traditional anti-tumor methods, CAR-T cell therapy has the advantages of higher specificity, stronger lethality and longer-lasting efficacy. Although CAR-T cells have made significant progress in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, diverse difficulties remain in the treatment of solid tumors, including immune escape due to tumor antigen heterogeneity, preventing entry or limiting the persistence of CAR-T cells by physical or cytokine barriers and along with other immunosuppressive molecule and cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Otherwise, the intracellular signaling of CAR also impact on CAR-T cells persistence. Appropriate modification of intracellular costimulatory molecular signal in the structure of CAR or coexpression of CAR and cytokines can provide a way to enhance CAR-T cells activity. Additionally, CAR-T cells dysfunction due to T cell exhaustion is associated with multi-factors, especially transcription factors, such as c-Jun, NR4A. Engineering CAR-T cells to coexpress or knockout transcription factors in favor of TCM memory CAR-T cells differentiation was proved to prolonged the survival of CAR-T cells. Finally, combination of CAR-T cells with oncolytic viruses, nanoparticles or immune checkpoint inhibitors provides an effective measure to improve CAR-T cells function. Here, we discuss all of these advances and challenges and review promising strategies for treating solid tumors. In particular, we also highlight that CAR-T cells have enormous potential to be used in combination with other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China
| | - Shu-Xia Song
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China.
| | - Cui-Qing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention for Serious Diseases in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, Heibei, China.
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19
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Ganesan K, Wang Y, Gao F, Liu Q, Zhang C, Li P, Zhang J, Chen J. Targeting Engineered Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111829. [PMID: 34834243 PMCID: PMC8623926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in women globally after lung cancer. Presently, the most important approach for BC treatment consists of surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The latter therapeutic methods are often unsuccessful in the treatment of BC because of their various side effects and the damage incurred to healthy tissues and organs. Currently, numerous nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified and synthesized to selectively target BC cells without causing any impairments to the adjacent normal tissues or organs. Based on an exploratory study, this comprehensive review aims to provide information on engineered NPs and their payloads as promising tools in the treatment of BC. Therapeutic drugs or natural bioactive compounds generally incorporate engineered NPs of ideal sizes and shapes to enhance their solubility, circulatory half-life, and biodistribution, while reducing their side effects and immunogenicity. Furthermore, ligands such as peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids on the surface of NPs precisely target BC cells. Studies on the synthesis of engineered NPs and their impact on BC were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. This review provides insights on the importance of engineered NPs and their methodology for validation as a next-generation platform with preventive and therapeutic effects against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (F.G.); (C.Z.)
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518063, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (F.G.); (C.Z.)
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China;
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (F.G.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.C.); Tel.: +852-3917-6479 (J.C.)
| | - Jianping Chen
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.G.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518063, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.C.); Tel.: +852-3917-6479 (J.C.)
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20
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Szöőr Á, Szöllősi J, Vereb G. From antibodies to living drugs: Quo vadis cancer immunotherapy? Biol Futur 2021; 72:85-99. [PMID: 34554498 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, monoclonal antibodies targeting various receptors and ligands have shown significant advance in cancer therapy. However, still a great percentage of patients experiences tumor relapse despite persistent antigen expression. Immune cell therapy with adoptively transferred modified T cells that express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is an engaging option to improve disease outcome. Designer T cells have been applied with remarkable success in the treatment for acute B cell leukemias, yielding unprecedented antitumor activity and significantly improved overall survival. Relying on the success of CAR T cells in leukemias, solid tumors are now emerging potential targets; however, their complexity represents a significant challenge. In preclinical models, CAR T cells recognized and efficiently killed the wide spectrum of tumor xenografts; however, in human clinical trials, limited antitumor efficacy and serious side effects, including cytokine release syndrome, have emerged as potential limitations. The next decade will be an exciting time to further optimize this novel cellular therapeutics to improve effector functions and, at the same time, keep adverse events in check. Moreover, we need to establish whether gene-modified T cells which are yet exclusively used for cancer patients could also be successful in the treatment for other diseases. Here, we provide a concise overview about the transition from monoclonal antibodies to the generation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. We summarize lessons learned from preclinical models, including our own HER2-positive tumor models, as well as from clinical trials worldwide. We also discuss the challenges we are facing today and outline future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Szöőr
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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21
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Le Calvez B, Moreau P, Touzeau C. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of myeloma: novel investigational options. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:965-973. [PMID: 34253136 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1955103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is still considered incurable and the outcome of patients with triple-class refractory remains very poor. Immunotherapy is considered as a standard of care for the treatment of MM. Among immunotherapeutic approaches, the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is an attractive target because PD-L1 is highly expressed in most myeloma plasma cells. While many types of cancer benefit from checkpoint inhibitor treatment, their relevance in multiple myeloma needs to be defined. AREAS COVERED The authors evaluate the published data regarding the mechanism of action, safety profile, and clinical efficacy of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for the treatment of multiple myeloma. EXPERT OPINION The use of ICI monotherapy does not offer any clinical benefit in myeloma patients. In combination with immunomodulatory drugs (IMID), ICI failed to demonstrate clinical benefit and were associated with increased toxicity. Given the toxicities of these treatments, predictive markers would be useful to select patients who would benefit most. Clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors in combination with other standards of care such as proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. The combination of anti-PD-1 with T-cell engager (TCE) or CAR-T cells seems theoretically attractive and should be explored in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Le Calvez
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, France.,Site de Recherche Intégrée sur le Cancer (SIRIC) « ILIAD », Nantes, France
| | - Cyrille Touzeau
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, France.,Site de Recherche Intégrée sur le Cancer (SIRIC) « ILIAD », Nantes, France
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22
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Haque S, Vaiselbuh SR. CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Exosome Targets CD19 Positive B-lineage Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Induces Cytotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1401. [PMID: 33808645 PMCID: PMC8003442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy is not without some clinical adverse effects, namely cytokine storms, due to a massive release of cytokines when CAR-T cells multiply in the body. Our goal was to develop exosomes expressing CD19 CAR to treat CD19-positive B-cell malignancies, instead of using whole CD19 CAR-T cells, thereby reducing the clinical risk of uncontrolled cytokine storms. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles (30-150 nm), composed of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, that carry the fingerprint of their parent cells. Exosomes are a preferred delivery system in nano-immunotherapy. Here, HEK293T parent cells were transduced with CD19 CAR plasmids and cellular CD19 CAR expression was confirmed. Exosomes (Exo-CD19 CAR) were isolated from the conditioned medium of non-transduced (WT) and CD19 CAR plasmid transduced HEK293T cells. Consequently, CD19 B-lineage leukemia cell lines were co-cultured with Exo-CD19 CAR and cell death was measured. Our data show that Exo-CD19 CAR treatment induced cytotoxicity and elevated pro-apoptotic genes in CD19-positive leukemia B-cells without inducing cell death in CD19-negative cells. Overall, the novel CD19 CAR exosomes target the CD19 surface antigens of leukemic B-cells and can induce contact-dependent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabirul Haque
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
| | - Sarah R. Vaiselbuh
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, 475 Seaview Ave, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA
- Monsey Health Center, 40 Robert Pitt Drive, Monsey, NY 10952, USA
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23
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Mori JI, Adachi K, Sakoda Y, Sasaki T, Goto S, Matsumoto H, Nagashima Y, Matsuyama H, Tamada K. Anti-tumor efficacy of human anti-c-met CAR-T cells against papillary renal cell carcinoma in an orthotopic model. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1417-1428. [PMID: 33539630 PMCID: PMC8019206 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy has shown salient efficacy in cancer immunotherapy, particularly in the treatment of B cell malignancies. However, the efficacy of CAR‐T for solid tumors remains inadequate. In this study, we displayed that c‐met is an appropriate therapeutic target for papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) using clinical samples, developed an anti‐human c‐met CAR‐T cells, and investigated the anti‐tumor efficacy of the CAR‐T cells using an orthotopic mouse model as pre‐clinical research. Administration of the anti‐c‐met CAR‐T cells induced marked infiltration of the CAR‐T cells into the tumor tissue and unambiguous suppression of tumor growth. Furthermore, in combination with axitinib, the anti‐tumor efficacy of the CAR‐T cells was synergistically augmented. Taken together, our current study demonstrated the potential for clinical application of anti‐c‐met CAR‐T cells in the treatment of patients with PRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ich Mori
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Keishi Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yukimi Sakoda
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasaki
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Goto
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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24
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Goto S, Sakoda Y, Adachi K, Sekido Y, Yano S, Eto M, Tamada K. Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of IL-7/CCL19-producing human CAR-T cells in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft tumor models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2503-2515. [PMID: 33559069 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has impressive efficacy in hematological malignancies, but its application in solid tumors remains a challenge. Multiple hurdles associated with the biological and immunological features of solid tumors currently limit the application of CAR-T cells in the treatment of solid tumors. Using syngeneic mouse models, we recently reported that CAR-T cells engineered to concomitantly produce interleukin (IL)-7 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19)-induced potent anti-tumor efficacy against solid tumors through an improved ability of migration and proliferation even in an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, for a preclinical evaluation preceding clinical application, we further explored the potential of IL-7/CCL19-producing human CAR-T cells using models that mimic the clinical features of solid tumors. Human anti-mesothelin CAR-T cells producing human IL-7/CCL19 achieved complete eradication of orthotopic pre-established malignant mesothelioma and prevented a relapse of tumors with downregulated antigen expression. Moreover, mice with patient-derived xenograft of mesothelin-positive pancreatic cancers exhibited significant inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival following treatment with IL-7/CCL19-producing CAR-T cells, compared to treatment with conventional CAR-T cells. Transfer of IL-7/CCL19-producing CAR-T cells resulted in an increase in not only CAR-T cells but also non-CAR-T cells within the tumor tissues and downregulated the expression of exhaustion markers, including PD-1 and TIGIT, on the T cells. Taken together, our current study elucidated the exceptional anti-tumor efficacy of IL-7/CCL19-producing human CAR-T cells and their potential for clinical application in the treatment of patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Goto
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukimi Sakoda
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Keishi Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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25
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Guo F, Cui J. CAR-T in solid tumors: Blazing a new trail through the brambles. Life Sci 2020; 260:118300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Rafia C, Harly C, Scotet E. Beyond CAR T cells: Engineered Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to fight solid tumors. Immunol Rev 2020; 298:117-133. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chirine Rafia
- INSERMCNRSCRCINAUniversité de Nantes Nantes France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology” Nantes France
- ImCheck Therapeutics Marseille France
| | - Christelle Harly
- INSERMCNRSCRCINAUniversité de Nantes Nantes France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology” Nantes France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- INSERMCNRSCRCINAUniversité de Nantes Nantes France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology” Nantes France
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27
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Ping Y, Li F, Nan S, Zhang D, Shi X, Shan J, Zhang Y. Augmenting the Effectiveness of CAR-T Cells by Enhanced Self-Delivery of PD-1-Neutralizing scFv. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:803. [PMID: 32974346 PMCID: PMC7461868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is not satisfying in solid tumors. PD-1-mediated suppression greatly hinders CAR-T cells in the microenvironment. It has been shown that PD-1 blockade improves the effectiveness of CAR-T cells. Herein, we designed CAR-T cells than could secret α-PD-1 scFv by themselves. To obtain optimal secretions of scFv, we screened several signal peptides. And the segment from human increased the extracellular production of PD-1-neutralizing proteins. The secreted neutralizing scFv efficiently blocked PD-1 and enhanced T cell activation when PD-L1 was present. Further analysis showed that CAR-T cells themselves could secret α-PD-1 scFv with bioactivity. In contrast to the prototype, the scFv-producing CAR-T cells demonstrated decreased PD-1 but increases expansion and toxicity against solid tumor cells. In the subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models, the self-delivered α-PD-1 scFv increased CAR-T cell functionalities and tumor-suppressions. Our work suggested that engineering T cells to co-express antigen-responsive receptors and checkpoint inhibitors is effective to optimize CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Nan
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daiqun Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Shi
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiqi Shan
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Kamakura D, Asano R, Kawai H, Yasunaga M. Mechanism of action of a T cell-dependent bispecific antibody as a breakthrough immunotherapy against refractory colorectal cancer with an oncogenic mutation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:177-188. [PMID: 32666260 PMCID: PMC7838078 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T cell-dependent bispecific antibody (TDB)-induced T cell activation, which can eliminate tumor cells independent of MHC engagement, is expected to be a novel breakthrough immunotherapy against refractory cancer. However, the mechanism of action of TDBs has not been fully elucidated thus far. We focused on TDB-induced T cell-tumor cell contact as an important initial step in direct T cell-mediated tumor cell killing via transport of cytotoxic cell proteases (e.g., granzymes) with or without immunological synapse formation. Using an anti-EGFR/CD3 TDB, hEx3, we visualized and quantified T cell-tumor cell contact and demonstrated a correlation between the degree of cell contact and TDB efficacy. We also found that cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) secreted by activated T cells, damaged tumor cells in a cell contact-independent manner. Moreover, therapeutic experiences clearly indicated that hEx3, unlike conventional anti-EGFR antibodies, was effective against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with mutant KRAS, BRAF, or PIK3CA. In a pharmacokinetic analysis, T cells spread gradually in accordance with the hEx3 distribution within tumor tissue. Accordingly, we propose that TDBs should have four action steps: 1st, passive targeting via size-dependent tumor accumulation; 2nd, active targeting via specific binding to tumor cells; 3rd, T cell redirection toward tumor cells; and 4th, TDB-induced cell contact-dependent (direct) or -independent (indirect) tumor cell killing. Finally, our TDB hEx3 may be a promising reagent against refractory CRC with an oncogenic mutation associated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamakura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.,Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawai
- Research and Development Department, LPIXEL Inc., Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
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29
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Huang R, Li X, He Y, Zhu W, Gao L, Liu Y, Gao L, Wen Q, Zhong JF, Zhang C, Zhang X. Recent advances in CAR-T cell engineering. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:86. [PMID: 32616000 PMCID: PMC7333410 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is regarded as an effective solution for relapsed or refractory tumors, particularly for hematological malignancies. Although the initially approved anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy has produced impressive outcomes, setbacks such as high relapse rates and resistance were experienced, driving the need to discover engineered CAR-T cells that are more effective for therapeutic use. Innovations in the structure and manufacturing of CAR-T cells have resulted in significant improvements in efficacy and persistence, particularly with the development of fourth-generation CAR-T cells. Paired with an immune modifier, the use of fourth-generation and next-generation CAR-T cells will not be limited because of cytotoxic effects and will be an efficient tool for overcoming the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the recent transformations in the ectodomain, transmembrane domain, and endodomain of the CAR structure, which, together with innovative manufacturing technology and improved cell sources, improve the prospects for the future development of CAR-T cell therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/chemistry
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Engineering/trends
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/trends
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/therapy
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Protein Binding
- Protein Domains
- Protein Engineering
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/agonists
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Huang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yundi He
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Wen Zhu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Li Gao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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30
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Wu L, Wei Q, Brzostek J, Gascoigne NRJ. Signaling from T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:600-612. [PMID: 32451454 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells react to foreign or self-antigens through T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Several decades of research have delineated the mechanism of TCR signal transduction and its impact on T cell performance. This knowledge provides the foundation for chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) technology, by which T cells are redirected in a major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted manner. TCR and CAR signaling plays a critical role in determining the T cell state, including exhaustion and memory. Given its artificial nature, CARs might affect or rewire signaling differently than TCRs. A better understanding of CAR signal transduction would greatly facilitate improvements to CAR-T cell technology and advance its usefulness in clinical practice. Herein, we systematically review the knowns and unknowns of TCR and CAR signaling, from the contact of receptors and antigens, proximal signaling, immunological synapse formation, and late signaling outcomes. Signaling through different T cell subtypes and how signaling is translated into practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Qianru Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Joanna Brzostek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore. .,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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31
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Schmitz F, Wolf D, Holderried TA. The Role of Immune Checkpoints after Cellular Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3650. [PMID: 32455836 PMCID: PMC7279282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies utilize the powerful force of the human immune system to target malignant cells. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is the most established cellular therapy, but chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have gained attention in recent years. While in allo-HCT an entirely novel allogeneic immune system facilitates a so-called Graft-versus-tumor, respectively, Graft-versus-leukemia (GvT/GvL) effect against high-risk hematologic malignancies, in CAR T cell therapies genetically modified autologous T cells specifically attack target molecules on malignant cells. These therapies have achieved high success rates, offering potential cures in otherwise detrimental diseases. However, relapse after cellular therapy remains a serious clinical obstacle. Checkpoint Inhibition (CI), which was recently designated as breakthrough in cancer treatment and consequently awarded with the Nobel prize in 2018, is a different way to increase anti-tumor immunity. Here, inhibitory immune checkpoints are blocked on immune cells in order to restore the immunological force against malignant diseases. Disease relapse after CAR T cell therapy or allo-HCT has been linked to up-regulation of immune checkpoints that render cancer cells resistant to the cell-mediated anti-cancer immune effects. Thus, enhancing immune cell function after cellular therapies using CI is an important treatment option that might re-activate the anti-cancer effect upon cell therapy. In this review, we will summarize current data on this topic with the focus on immune checkpoints after cellular therapy for malignant diseases and balance efficacy versus potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Schmitz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.S.); (D.W.)
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.S.); (D.W.)
- UKIM 5, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias A.W. Holderried
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (F.S.); (D.W.)
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32
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Song W, Zhang M. Use of CAR-T cell therapy, PD-1 blockade, and their combination for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Clin Immunol 2020; 214:108382. [PMID: 32169439 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the successful treatment of B-cell lymphomas using rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20, novel immunotherapies have developed rapidly in recent years. Immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy, which are antibody-based therapy and cell-based therapy, respectively, show promising efficacy and have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating hematological malignancies. However, considering severe side effects and short-term clinical remission, the combination of CAR-T cell therapy and programmed cell-death protein-1 (PD-1) blockade has been applied to enhance therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models and clinical trials. Herein, we review the mechanism of the two therapies, show their toxicities and clinical use respectively, address their combined application, and discuss the scope of further investigations of this mechanism-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China; Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.
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33
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Nakajima M, Sakoda Y, Adachi K, Nagano H, Tamada K. Improved survival of chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T (CAR-T) and tumor-specific T cells caused by anti-programmed cell death protein 1 single-chain variable fragment-producing CAR-T cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3079-3088. [PMID: 31432594 PMCID: PMC6778656 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered T (CAR‐T)‐cell therapy holds significant promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially for B‐cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, its efficacy against non‐hematological malignancies has been limited as a result of several biological problems characteristic of the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. One of the main hurdles is the heterogeneous nature of tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) expressed in solid tumors. Another hurdle is the inefficient activation and limited persistence of CAR‐T cells, mainly as a result of T‐cell exhaustion caused by immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, to address these problems, we engineered CAR‐T cells to produce antagonistic anti‐programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) single‐chain variable fragment (scFv), by which PD‐1‐dependent inhibitory signals in CAR‐T cells and adjacent tumor‐specific non‐CAR‐T cells are attenuated. In mouse solid tumor models, PD‐1 scFv‐producing CAR‐T cells induced potent therapeutic effects superior to those of conventional CAR‐T cells, along with a significant reduction of apoptotic cell death not only in CAR‐T cells themselves but also in TAA‐specific T cells in the tumor tissue. In addition, the treatment with anti‐PD‐1 scFv‐producing CAR‐T cells resulted in an increased concentration of PD‐1 scFv in tumor tissue but not in sera, suggesting an induction of less severe systemic immune‐related adverse events. Hence, the present study developed anti‐PD‐1 scFv‐producing CAR‐T cell technology and explored its cellular mechanisms underlying potent antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yukimi Sakoda
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Keishi Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Koji Tamada
- Department of Immunology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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