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Anderson GSF, Chapman MA. T cell-redirecting therapies in hematological malignancies: Current developments and novel strategies for improved targeting. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2856-2891. [PMID: 39095991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell-redirecting therapies (TCRTs), such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) T cells and T cell engagers, have emerged as a highly effective treatment modality, particularly in the B and plasma cell-malignancy setting. However, many patients fail to achieve deep and durable responses; while the lack of truly unique tumor antigens, and concurrent on-target/off-tumor toxicities, have hindered the development of TCRTs for many other cancers. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in TCRT targets for hematological malignancies, as well as novel targeting strategies that aim to address these, and other, challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A Chapman
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Universities Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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2
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Wang L, Matsumoto M, Akahori Y, Seo N, Shirakura K, Kato T, Katsumoto Y, Miyahara Y, Shiku H. Preclinical evaluation of a novel CAR-T therapy utilizing a scFv antibody highly specific to MAGE-A4 p230-239/HLA-A∗02:01 complex. Mol Ther 2024; 32:734-748. [PMID: 38243600 PMCID: PMC10928314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the revolutionary success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy for hematological malignancies, successful CAR-T therapies for solid tumors remain limited. One major obstacle is the scarcity of tumor-specific cell-surface molecules. One potential solution to overcome this barrier is to utilize antibodies that recognize peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHCs) in a T cell receptor (TCR)-like fashion, allowing CAR-T cells to recognize intracellular tumor antigens. This study reports a highly specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody against the MAGE-A4p230-239/human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A∗02:01 complex (MAGE-A4 pMHC), screened from a human scFv phage display library. Indeed, retroviral vectors encoding CAR, utilizing this scFv antibody as a recognition component, efficiently recognized and lysed MAGA-A4+ tumor cells in an HLA-A∗02:01-restricted manner. Additionally, the adoptive transfer of T cells modified by the CAR-containing glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-related receptor (GITR) intracellular domain (ICD), but not CD28 or 4-1BB ICD, significantly suppressed the growth of MAGE-A4+ HLA-A∗02:01+ tumors in an immunocompromised mouse model. Of note, a comprehensive analysis revealed that a broad range of amino acid sequences of the MAGE-A4p230-239 peptide were critical for the recognition of MAGE-A4 pMHC by these CAR-T cells, and no cross-reactivity to analogous peptides was observed. Thus, MAGE-A4-targeted CAR-T therapy using this scFv antibody may be a promising and safe treatment for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Wang
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Matsumoto
- Tokyo Laboratory 11, R&D Center, Sony Group Corporation, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushi Akahori
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Center for Comprehensive Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naohiro Seo
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shirakura
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takuma Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoichi Katsumoto
- Tokyo Laboratory 11, R&D Center, Sony Group Corporation, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyahara
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Center for Comprehensive Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Center for Comprehensive Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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Li J, Xiao Z, Wang D, Jia L, Nie S, Zeng X, Hu W. The screening, identification, design and clinical application of tumor-specific neoantigens for TCR-T cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:141. [PMID: 37649123 PMCID: PMC10466891 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development of tumor immunotherapies, including adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), cancer vaccines and antibody-based therapies, particularly for solid tumors. With the development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics technology, the rapid identification and prediction of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) has become possible. Compared with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), highly immunogenic TSAs provide new targets for personalized tumor immunotherapy and can be used as prospective indicators for predicting tumor patient survival, prognosis, and immune checkpoint blockade response. Here, the identification and characterization of neoantigens and the clinical application of neoantigen-based TCR-T immunotherapy strategies are summarized, and the current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translational potential of these strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jia
- International Health Medicine Innovation Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Cancer Center, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingda Zeng
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
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Yang Z, Wu Z, Santich BH, Liu J, Liu C, Cheung NKV. Targeting Intracellular Antigens with pMHC-Binding Antibodies: A Phage Display Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2702:327-345. [PMID: 37679628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3381-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies that bind peptide-MHC (pMHC) complex in a manner akin to T cell receptor (TCR) have not only helped in understanding the mechanism of TCR-pMHC interactions in the context of T cell biology but also spurred considerable interest in recent years as potential cancer therapeutics. Traditional methods to generate such antibodies using hybridoma and B cell sorting technologies are sometimes inadequate, possibly due to the small contribution of peptide to the overall B cell epitope space on the surface of the pMHC complex (typical peptide MW = 1 kDa versus MHC MW = 45 kDa) and to the multiple efficiency limiting steps inherent in these methods. In this chapter we describe phage display approaches, including a cell panning strategy, for the rapid generation of such antibodies with high specificity and affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian H Santich
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cheng Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Nakamura T, Kobayashi E, Hamana H, Hayakawa Y, Muraguchi A, Hayashi A, Ozawa T, Kishi H. Evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor of humanized rabbit-derived T cell receptor-like antibody. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3321-3329. [PMID: 35766417 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-like antibodies that specifically recognize antigenic peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules have been developed for next-generation cancer immunotherapy. Recently, we reported a rapid and efficient method to generate TCR-like antibodies using a rabbit system. We humanized previously generated rabbit-derived TCR-like antibodies reacting Epstein-Barr virus peptide (BRLF1p, TYPVLEEMF) in the context of HLA-A24 molecules, produced CAR-T cells, and evaluated their anti-tumor effects using in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Humanization of the rabbit-derived TCR-like antibodies using the complementarity-determining region grafting technology maintained their specificity and affinity. We prepared a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) using scFv of the humanized TCR-like antibodies and then transduced them into human T-cells. The CAR-T cells specifically recognized BRLF1p/MHC molecules and lysed the target cells in an antigen-specific manner in vitro. They also demonstrated anti-tumor activity in a mouse xenograft model. We report the generation of CAR-T cells using humanized rabbit-derived TCR-like antibodies. Together with our established and efficient generation procedure for TCR-like antibodies using rabbits, our platform for the clinical application of humanized rabbit-derived TCR-like antibodies to CAR-T cells will help improve next-generation cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Section of Host Defences, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Michelozzi IM, Kirtsios E, Giustacchini A. Driving CAR T Stem Cell Targeting in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: The Roads to Success. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2816. [PMID: 34198742 PMCID: PMC8201025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment outcome for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is unsatisfactory and characterized by high rates of relapse and poor overall survival. Increasing evidence points to a crucial role of leukemic stem cells (LSC) and the bone marrow (BM) leukemic niche, in which they reside, in AML evolution and chemoresistance. Thus, future strategies aiming at improving AML therapeutic protocols are likely to be directed against LSC and their niche. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have been extremely successful in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and comparable results in AML are highly desirable. At present, we are at the dawn of CAR T-cell application in AML, with several preclinical studies and few early phase clinical trials. However, the lack of leukemia-specific targets and the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the disease combined with the leukemia-induced remodeling of the BM microenvironment are limiting CAR T-cell exploitation in AML. Here, we reviewed AML-LSC and AML-BM niche features in the context of their therapeutic targeting using CAR T-cells. We summarized recent progress in CAR T-cell application to the treatment of AML, and we discussed the remaining therapeutic challenges and promising novel strategies to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria M. Michelozzi
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London WC1N 1DZ, UK;
| | | | - Alice Giustacchini
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London WC1N 1DZ, UK;
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Kurosawa N, Midorikawa A, Ida K, Fudaba YW, Isobe M. Development of a T-cell receptor mimic antibody targeting a novel Wilms tumor 1-derived peptide and analysis of its specificity. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3516-3526. [PMID: 32770595 PMCID: PMC7540971 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) is an intracellular tumor‐associated antigen that remains inaccessible to antibodies. Recently, T‐cell receptor (TCR) mimic antibodies (TCRm‐Abs), which recognize peptides loaded on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) with higher specificity and affinity than TCR, have been developed as a new antibody class that can target intracellular antigens. To expand the therapeutic targets in tumors with WT1, we developed TCRm‐Abs targeting a novel HLA‐A*02:01‐restricted peptide, WT1C (ALLPAVPSL), and validated their specificity using multiple techniques. Screening of these antibodies by ELISA with a panel of peptide/HLA complexes and by glycine scanning of peptide‐pulsed T2 cells identified one specific clone, #25‐8. Despite the low risk for eliciting broad cross–reactivity of this TCRm‐Ab, analysis of a panel of cell lines, in conjunction with exogenous expression of either or both the HLA‐A*02:01 and WT1 genes in HeLa cells, revealed that #25‐8 reacts with WT1C but also with unknown peptides in the context of HLA‐A*02:01. This potentially dangerous cross–reactivity was confirmed through analysis using chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells carrying the single‐chain variable fragment of #25‐8, which targets WT1‐negative HeLa/A02 cells. To determine the cross–reactive profiles of #25‐8, we applied the PresentER antigen presentation platform with the #25‐8‐recognition motif, which enables the identification of potential off–target peptides expressed in the human proteome. Our results demonstrate the potential of TCRm‐Abs to target a variety of peptides in the context of HLA but also depict the need for systematic validation to identify the cross–reactive peptides for the prediction of off–target toxicity in future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Graduate School, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Aki Midorikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenta Ida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuka Wakata Fudaba
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Graduate School, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Isobe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Graduate School, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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