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Chen R, Zou J, Zhong X, Li J, Kang R, Tang D. HMGB1 in the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 581:216494. [PMID: 38007142 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome-mediated autophagy and caspase-dependent apoptosis are dynamic processes that maintain cellular homeostasis, ensuring cell health and functionality. The intricate interplay and reciprocal regulation between autophagy and apoptosis are implicated in various human diseases, including cancer. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone chromosomal protein, plays a pivotal role in coordinating autophagy and apoptosis levels during tumor initiation, progression, and therapy. The regulation of autophagy machinery and the apoptosis pathway by HMGB1 is influenced by various factors, including the protein's subcellular localization, oxidative state, and interactions with binding partners. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of HMGB1, with a specific focus on the interplay between autophagic degradation and apoptotic death in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the significance of HMGB1 as a biomarker and its potential as a therapeutic target in tumor diseases is crucial for advancing our knowledge of cell survival and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Ju Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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2
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Zhang X, Shang C, Qiao X, Guo Y. Role and clinical significance of immunogenic cell death biomarkers in chemoresistance and immunoregulation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115509. [PMID: 37722193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the whole world, with little improvement in the 5-year survival rate due to the occurrence of chemoresistance. With the increasing interests in tumor immune microenvironment, immunogenic cell death (ICD)-induced chemotherapy has shown promising results in enhancing sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and improving the efficiency of tumor immunotherapy. This review summarizes the role of key ICD biomarkers and their underlying molecular mechanisms in HNSCC chemoresistance. The results showed that ICD initiation could significantly improve the survival and prognosis of patients. ICD and its biomarker could also serve as molecular markers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. Moreover, key components of DAMPs including CALR, HGMB1, and ATP are involved in the regulation of HNSCC chemo-sensitivity, confirming that the key biomarkers of ICD can also be developed into new targets for regulating HNSCC chemoresistance. This review clearly illustrates the theoretical basis for the hypothesis that ICD biomarkers are therapeutic targets involved in HNSCC progression, chemoresistance, and even immune microenvironment regulation. The compilation and investigation may provide new insights into the molecular therapy of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Central Laboratory, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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3
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Wang G, Wei X, Gao S, Chen W, Geng Y, Liu J, Guan H. Circ_LRP6 facilitates osteosarcoma progression via the miR-122-5p/miR-204-5p/HMGB1 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2462-2475. [PMID: 37449723 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Circ_LRP6 is participated in the occurrence and development of numerous tumors. Nevertheless, its roles and mechanism in osteosarcoma (OS) is unknown. This study aims to illustrate this point. With the use of qRT-PCR, the level of circ_LRP6, miR-122-5p, miR-204-5p and HMGB1 was identified. To observe cell proliferation, migration and invasion, we adopted CCK-8 and Transwell assays in the present study. Besides, to prove the existing interaction, bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporting assays were employed. The influence of circ_LRP6 on osteosarcoma in vivo was evaluated by subcutaneous tumor formation model in nude mice. In osteosarcoma tissues, circ_LRP6 and HMGB1 are strongly denoted, whereas miR-122-5p and miR-204-5p are under-expressed. Circ_LRP6 knockdown could significantly hinder the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Circ_LRP6 hindered the proliferation of osteosarcoma in vivo. Bioinformatics predicted that miR-122-5p and miR-204-5p functioned as direct targets of circ_LRP6, and HMGB1 were possible target genes of miR-122-5p and miR-204-5p. The findings indicated that the low level of miR-122-5p and miR-204-5p and the overexpression of HMGB1 could partially restore and reduce the inhibitory impact of circ_LRP6 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Circ_LRP6 affects osteosarcoma progression via the miR-122-5p/miR-204-5p/HMGB1 axis, and is shown to be a molecular biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Xiyuan Wei
- Department of Medical Services Division, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Wenheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Yang Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Research of Trauma Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongya Guan
- Research of Trauma Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wu X, Sun L, Xu F. NF-κB in Cell Deaths, Therapeutic Resistance and Nanotherapy of Tumors: Recent Advances. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:783. [PMID: 37375731 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a complicated role in multiple tumors. Mounting evidence demonstrates that NF-κB activation supports tumorigenesis and development by enhancing cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, preventing cell death, facilitating angiogenesis, regulating tumor immune microenvironment and metabolism, and inducing therapeutic resistance. Notably, NF-κB functions as a double-edged sword exerting positive or negative influences on cancers. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research on the regulation of NF-κB in cancer cell deaths, therapy resistance, and NF-κB-based nano delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310005, China
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Zhu M, Zhang RN, Zhang H, Qu CB, Zhang XC, Ren LX, Yang Z, Gu JF. PCGF6/MAX/KDM5D facilitates MAZ/CDK4 axis expression and pRCC progression by hypomethylation of the DNA promoter. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:9. [PMID: 36890610 PMCID: PMC9996882 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group RING finger protein 6 (PCGF6) plays an important role as a regulator of transcription in a variety of cellular processes, including tumorigenesis. However, the function and expression of PCGF6 in papillary RCC (pRCC) remain unclear. In the present study, we found that PCGF6 expression was significantly elevated in pRCC tissues, and high expression of PCGF6 was associated with poor survival of patients with pRCC. The overexpression of PCGF6 promoted while depletion of PCGF6 depressed the proliferation of pRCC cells in vitro. Interestingly, myc-related zinc finger protein (MAZ), a downstream molecular of PCGF6, was upregulated in pRCC with hypomethylation promoter. Mechanically, PCGF6 promoted MAZ expression by interacting with MAX and KDM5D to form a complex, and MAX recruited PCGF6 and KDM5D to the CpG island of the MAZ promoter and facilitated H3K4 histone demethylation. Furthermore, CDK4 was a downstream molecule of MAZ that participated in PCGF6/MAZ-regulated progression of pRCC. These results indicated that the upregulation of PCGF6 facilitated MAZ/CDK4 axis expression and pRCC progression by hypomethylation of the MAZ promoter. The PCGF6/MAZ/CDK4 regulatory axis may be a potential target for the treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Zhang
- School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Chang-Bao Qu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | | | - Li-Xin Ren
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Talent and Academic Exchange Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhang, China
| | - Jun-Fei Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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Chen S, Wu D, Liu Q, Jin F, Yao F, Fang Y. POR overexpression induces tamoxifen-resistance in breast cancer through the STAT1/c-Myc pathway. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:249-260. [PMID: 36321415 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Although tamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, is widely used to treat ER-positive breast cancers, resistance to TAM remains a major clinical problem. NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) is known to participate in drug metabolism and steroid metabolism. Recent studies showed that high POR expression was correlated with poor outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and POR might be a prognostic biomarker in TNBC. However, the role of POR in TAM resistance is still elusive. In this study, we found that high POR expression was associated with poor prognosis of ER-positive and TAM-treated breast cancer patients. In addition, COX analysis showed that POR expression was an independent prognostic biomarker for ER-positive as well as TAM-treated breast cancer patients. Furthermore, our results suggested that POR overexpression promoted TAM resistance by activating the STAT1/c-Myc pathway in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that high POR/STAT1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in TAM-treated breast cancer patients. Notably, combined treatment with TAM and a specific STAT1 inhibitor Fludarabine was more effective for inhibiting TAM-resistant breast cancer cells. Altogether, our findings suggested that POR overexpression induced TAM resistance through STAT1/c-Myc pathway and might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in TAM-treated breast cancer patients. Combining TAM and STAT1 inhibitors might be an effective strategy for treating POR-induced TAM-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dingjie Wu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Fang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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7
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Khoshbakht T, Hussen BM, Dong P, Gassler N, Taheri M, Baniahmad A, Dilmaghani NA. A review on the role of cyclin dependent kinases in cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:325. [PMID: 36266723 PMCID: PMC9583502 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) class of serine/threonine kinases has crucial roles in the regulation of cell cycle transition and is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of cancers. The expression of CDKs is controlled by a complex regulatory network comprised of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, which are dysregulated during the progression of cancer. The abnormal activation of CDKs results in uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation and the induction of cancer stem cell characteristics. The levels of CDKs can be utilized to predict the prognosis and treatment response of cancer patients, and further understanding of the function and underlying mechanisms of CDKs in human tumors would pave the way for future cancer therapies that effectively target CDKs. Defects in the regulation of cell cycle and mutations in the genes coding cell-cycle regulatory proteins lead to unrestrained proliferation of cells leading to formation of tumors. A number of treatment modalities have been designed to combat dysregulation of cell cycle through affecting expression or activity of CDKs. However, effective application of these methods in the clinical settings requires recognition of the role of CDKs in the progression of each type of cancer, their partners, their interactions with signaling pathways and the effects of suppression of these kinases on malignant features. Thus, we designed this literature search to summarize these findings at cellular level, as well as in vivo and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Section of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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The RAGE/multiligand axis: a new actor in tumor biology. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231455. [PMID: 35727208 PMCID: PMC9251583 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand binding and single-pass transmembrane protein which actively participates in several chronic inflammation-related diseases. RAGE, in addition to AGEs, has a wide repertoire of ligands, including several damage-associated molecular pattern molecules or alarmins such as HMGB1 and members of the S100 family proteins. Over the last years, a large and compelling body of evidence has revealed the active participation of the RAGE axis in tumor biology based on its active involvement in several crucial mechanisms involved in tumor growth, immune evasion, dissemination, as well as by sculpturing of the tumor microenvironment as a tumor-supportive niche. In the present review, we will detail the consequences of the RAGE axis activation to fuel essential mechanisms to guarantee tumor growth and spreading.
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Zhang J, Pan S, Jian C, Hao L, Dong J, Sun Q, Jin H, Han X. Immunostimulatory Properties of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: From Immunogenic Modulation Mechanisms to Clinical Practice. Front Immunol 2022; 12:819405. [PMID: 35069604 PMCID: PMC8766762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.819405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among females. Chemotherapy drugs remain the cornerstone of treatment of BC and undergo significant shifts over the past 100 years. The advent of immunotherapy presents promising opportunities and constitutes a significant complementary to existing therapeutic strategies for BC. Chemotherapy as a cytotoxic treatment that targets proliferation malignant cells has recently been shown as an effective immune-stimulus in multiple ways. Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying tumor cells, which result in long-lasting antitumor immunity by the key process of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Furthermore, Off-target effects of chemotherapy on immune cell subsets mainly involve activation of immune effector cells including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and cytotoxic T cells, and depletion of immunosuppressive cells including Treg cells, M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Current mini-review summarized recent large clinical trials regarding the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in BC and addressed the molecular mechanisms of immunostimulatory properties of chemotherapy in BC. The purpose of our work was to explore the immune-stimulating effects of chemotherapy at the molecular level based on the evidence from clinical trials, which might be a rationale for combinations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuaikang Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Yu Y, Dong G, Li Z, Zheng Y, Shi Z, Wang G. circ‑LRP6 contributes to osteosarcoma progression by regulating the miR‑141‑3p/HDAC4/HMGB1 axis. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:38. [PMID: 35211755 PMCID: PMC8878724 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA-lipoprotein receptor 6 (circ-LRP6) serves a role in promoting the tumorigenesis of retinoblastoma, esophageal squamous cell cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma; however, whether circ-LRP6 demonstrates the same effect in osteosarcoma (OS) is yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to analyze the expression, role and potential molecular mechanism of circ-LRP6 in OS. The expression levels of circ-LRP6, microRNA (miR)-141-3p, histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) were evaluated by reverse transcription- quantitative PCR in OS tissues and cell lines. Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell and Matrigel assays were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Western blotting was also performed to determine HDAC4 and HMGB1 protein expression levels. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to predict and analyze the interactions between circ-LRP6 and miR-141-3p, miR-141-3p and HDAC4, as well as between miR-141-3p and HMGB1. Additionally, RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to verify the association between circ-LRP6 and miR-141-3p. The results confirmed that circ-LRP6 was highly expressed in OS tissues and cell lines. In addition, circ-LRP6 negatively regulated the expression of miR-141-3p and, in turn, miR-141-3p negatively regulated HDAC4 and HMGB1 expression. Functional assays revealed that circ-LRP6 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells, whereas the inhibition of miR-141-3p or the overexpression of either HDAC4 or HMGB1 partly reversed the inhibitory effect of circ-LRP6 knockdown. In summary, the present study determined that circ-LRP6 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells by regulating the miR-141-3p/HDAC4/HMGB1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yu
- Department of Laboratory, Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guixiang Dong
- Department of Laboratory, Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Li
- Department of Laboratory, Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory, Zhengzhou Orthopedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhisong Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
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11
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Kim R, Kin T. Current and Future Therapies for Immunogenic Cell Death and Related Molecules to Potentially Cure Primary Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194756. [PMID: 34638242 PMCID: PMC8507525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary How a cure for primary breast cancer after (neo)adjuvant therapy can be achieved at the molecular level remains unclear. Immune activation by anticancer drugs may contribute to the eradication of residual tumor cells by postoperative (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may result in long-term immune activation by memory effector T cells, leading to the curing of primary breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs induce ICD and immunogenic modifications for antitumor immunity and targeted therapy against damage-associated molecular patterns. Our aim was to gain a better understanding of how to eradicate residual tumor cells treated with anticancer drugs and cure primary breast cancer by enhancing antitumor immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines. Abstract How primary breast cancer can be cured after (neo)adjuvant therapy remains unclear at the molecular level. Immune activation by anticancer agents may contribute to residual tumor cell eradication with postsurgical (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) may result in long-term immune activation with memory effector T cells, leading to a primary breast cancer cure. Anthracycline and taxane treatments cause ICD and immunogenic modulations, resulting in the activation of antitumor immunity through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine triphosphate, calreticulin, high mobility group box 1, heat shock proteins 70/90, and annexin A1. This response may eradicate residual tumor cells after surgical treatment. Although DAMP release is also implicated in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, thereby representing a double-edged sword, robust immune activation by anticancer agents and the subsequent acquisition of long-term antitumor immune memory can be essential components of the primary breast cancer cure. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which anticancer drugs induce ICD and immunogenic modifications for antitumor immunity and targeted anti-DAMP therapy. Our aim was to improve the understanding of how to eradicate residual tumor cells treated with anticancer drugs and cure primary breast cancer by enhancing antitumor immunity with immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryungsa Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima Mark Clinic, 1-4-3F, 2-Chome Ohte-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-0051, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Takanori Kin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hiroshima City Hospital, 7-33, Moto-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 730-8518, Japan;
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Zhang H, Wang J, Li J, Zhou X, Yin L, Wang Y, Gu Y, Niu X, Yang Y, Ji H, Zhang Q. HMGB1 is a key factor for tamoxifen resistance and has the potential to predict the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1603-1613. [PMID: 33453094 PMCID: PMC8019207 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. Hormone‐receptor‐positive breast cancer (HR + BC) is the most common pathological type of breast cancer, of which the main treatment method is endocrine therapy. Unfortunately, primary or acquired drug resistance greatly limits its efficacy. In recent years, the newly launched CDK4/6 inhibitors could effectively reverse endocrine resistance in breast cancer. However, considering their expensive price and side effects, it is particularly important to find out effective biomarkers and screen sensitive patients. Here, we found through bioinformatics analysis that high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression increased in endocrine‐resistant HR + BC. In clinical specimens, the higher expression of HMGB1 was associated with shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) for HR + BC patients with endocrine therapy after surgery. For endocrine‐resistant breast cancer, compared with HMGB1‐negative patients, HMGB1‐positive patients who received CDK4/6 inhibitors treatment benefited more in PFS. Moreover, we demonstrated that HMGB1 promoted tamoxifen resistance by combining with the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway. CDK4/6 inhibitors could downregulate the expression of HMGB1 and suppress the TLR4‐NF‐κB pathway, and in turn reverse tamoxifen resistance. These results illuminated the critical role of HMGB1 in the process of tamoxifen resistance, explained the mechanism of CDK4/6 inhibitors reversing tamoxifen resistance, and suggested the feasibility of HMGB1 as a potential biomarker for screening sensitive patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinlu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingtong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yucui Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingjian Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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