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Coelho JQ, Ramos MJ, Ranchor R, Pichel R, Guerra L, Miranda H, Simões J, Azevedo SX, Febra J, Araújo A. What's new about the tumor microenvironment of urothelial carcinoma? Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1549-1560. [PMID: 38332225 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma is a significant global health concern that accounts for a substantial part of cancer diagnoses and deaths worldwide. The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem composed of stromal cells, soluble factors, and altered extracellular matrix, that mutually interact in a highly immunomodulated environment, with a prominent role in tumor development, progression, and treatment resistance. This article reviews the current state of knowledge of the different cell populations that compose the tumor microenvironment of urothelial carcinoma, its main functions, and distinct interactions with other cellular and non-cellular components, molecular alterations and aberrant signaling pathways already identified. It also focuses on the clinical implications of these findings, and its potential to translate into improved quality of life and overall survival. Determining new targets or defining prognostic signatures for urothelial carcinoma is an ongoing challenge that could be accelerated through a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ridhi Ranchor
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pichel
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guerra
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Miranda
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Simões
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Febra
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Araújo
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Oncology Research Unit, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Nguyen CB, Vaishampayan UN. Clinical Applications of the Gut Microbiome in Genitourinary Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e100041. [PMID: 38788173 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Recently recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer, the microbiome consists of symbiotic microorganisms that play pivotal roles in carcinogenesis, the tumor microenvironment, and responses to therapy. With recent advances in microbiome metagenomic sequencing, a growing body of work has demonstrated that changes in gut microbiome composition are associated with differential responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) because of alterations in cytokine signaling and cytotoxic T-cell recruitment. Therefore, strategies to shape the gut microbiome into a more favorable, immunogenic profile may lead to improved responses with ICIs. Immunotherapy is commonly used in genitourinary (GU) cancers such as renal cell carcinoma, urothelial cancer, and to a limited extent, prostate cancer. However, a subset of patients do not derive clinical benefit with ICIs. Gut microbiome-based interventions are of particular interest given the potential to boost responses to ICIs in preclinical and early-phase prospective studies. Novel approaches using probiotic therapy (live bacterial supplementation) and fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with GU cancers are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Nguyen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ulka N Vaishampayan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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He Y, Li XY, Hu AQ, Qian D. Salivary microbiome is associated with the response to chemoradiotherapy in initially inoperable patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2359887. [PMID: 38813524 PMCID: PMC11134033 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2359887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The salivary microbiome may interact with chemoradiotherapy through dynamic changes in microbial composition and systemic immunity. We aimed to explore the association between the salivary microbiome and response to chemoradiotherapy in initially inoperable patients with local advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LAESCC). Methods Salivary and peripheral blood samples were collected before and after chemoradiotherapy. The microbiome and metabolic pathways were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry analyses. Results The salivary microbiome exhibited characteristic variations between patients and healthy controls. A significant correlation was found between Prevotella_salivae, Saccharibacteria_TM7_G3_bacterium_HMT_351, and Veillonellaceae_G1_bacterium_HMT_129 and pathological complete response (pCR) in initially inoperable patients who underwent surgery. The PICRUSt suggested that immune diseases and cell motility were different in tumor compared to normal groups. KEGG enrichment analysis showed enriched lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and membrane transport in the tumor group. CD3+CD8 T cells, IL6, IL10, and IFNγ exhibited an increasing trend during the treatment process of chemoradiotherapy. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that variations in specific saliva taxa associated with host immunomodulatory cells and cytokines could be promising for early efficacy prediction of chemoradiotherapy in initially inoperable patients with LAESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - An-Qi Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Zhanbo Q, Jing Z, Shugao H, Yinhang W, Jian C, Xiang Y, Feimin Z, Jian L, Xinyue W, Wei W, Shuwen H. Age and aging process alter the gut microbes. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:6839-6851. [PMID: 38613799 PMCID: PMC11087091 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbes and age are both factors that influence the development of disease. The community structure of gut microbes is affected by age. OBJECTIVE To plot time-dependent gut microbe profiles in individuals over 45 years old and explore the correlation between age and gut microbes. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 510 healthy individuals over 45 years old. Shannon index, Simpson index, Ace index, etc. were used to analyze the diversity of gut microbes. The beta diversity analysis, including non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), was used to analyze community distribution. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF) algorithm were used to analyze the differences of gut microbes. Trend analysis was used to plot the abundances of characteristic gut microbes in different ages. RESULTS The individuals aged 45-49 had the highest richness of gut bacteria. Fifteen characteristic gut microbes, including Siphoviridae and Bifidobacterium breve, were screened by RF algorithm. The abundance of Ligiactobacillus and Microviridae were higher in individuals older than 65 years. Moreover, the abundance of Blautia_A massiliensis, Lubbockvirus and Enterocloster clostridioformis decreased with age and the abundance of Klebsiella variicola and Prevotella increased with age. The functional genes, such as human diseases and aging, were significantly different among different aged individuals. CONCLUSIONS The individuals in different ages have characteristic gut microbes. The changes in community structure of gut microbes may be related to age-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Zhanbo
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Shugao
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310017, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Yinhang
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu Jian
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao Feimin
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Jian
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Xinyue
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Shuwen
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Huzhou Central Hospital), Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
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Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Bulman N, Ulasiński P, Sobocki BK, Połom K, Marano L, Kalinowski L, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Pharmacomicrobiomics of cell-cycle specific anti-cancer drugs - is it a new perspective for personalized treatment of cancer patients? Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2281017. [PMID: 37985748 PMCID: PMC10730203 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2281017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacteria are equipped with an enzyme apparatus that is involved in the active biotransformation of xenobiotics, including drugs. Pharmacomicrobiomics, a new area of pharmacology, analyses interactions between bacteria and xenobiotics. However, there is another side to the coin. Pharmacotherapeutic agents can significantly modify the microbiota, which consequently affects their efficacy. In this review, we comprehensively gathered scientific evidence on the interplay between anticancer therapies and gut microbes. We also underlined how such interactions might impact the host response to a given therapy. We discuss the possibility of modulating the gut microbiota to increase the effectiveness/decrease the incidence of adverse events during tumor therapy. The anticipation of the future brings new evidence that gut microbiota is a target of interest to increase the efficacy of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics – Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Nikola Bulman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics – Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Ulasiński
- Unit of Surgery with Unit of Oncological Surgery in Koscierzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kamil Sobocki
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Połom
- Academy of Medical and Social Applied Sciences, Elbląg, Poland
| | - Luigi Marano
- Academy of Medical and Social Applied Sciences, Elbląg, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics – Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre/Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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