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Yousuf M, Sridharan K, Mishra T, Mahadik NS, Banerjee R, Adhikari SS. Cationic lipid-conjugated bis-arylidene oxindole derivatives as broad-spectrum breast cancer-selective therapeutics. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106395. [PMID: 36753964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with wide-ranging variations in therapeutic responses, overall survival etc. Major challenges for available chemotherapeutic agents in achieving clinical success are in maintaining systemic bio-distribution and avoiding non-specific adverse effects. Bis-arylidene oxindoles are estrogen receptor (ER)-selective bioactive molecules with moderate potency. In here, we have designed, synthesized and evaluated a series of twin aliphatic chain cationic lipid-conjugated bis-arylidene oxindole molecules with variations in nature of linker, lengths of carbon spacer and hydrophobic twin chains. We observed that among the various structural analogues, C8 twin-chain containing molecules, PGC8, S2C8 and S3C8 showed effective cancer cell-selective cytotoxicity in different cancer cell lines with an IC50 ranging from 4 to 7 µM. These molecules selectively induced apoptosis, ROS production and cell cycle inhibition at G1/S phase in ER + breast cancer cells but not in non-cancer cells. Additionally, these molecules formed homogenous self-assemblies exhibiting effective hydrodynamic diameter with positive surface charge. The self-assemblies also showed prominent cancer cell-selective uptake and DNA-binding abilities. Hence, we have shown successful incorporation of dexamethasone to the self-assemblies, and its enhanced cytotoxicity even in ER-negative breast cancer cells. All these results indicate that PGC8, S2C8 and S3C8 molecules, albeit their potent and selective ER-positive anti-breast cancer activity, can be repurposed as targeted delivery systems and hold promise as unique, broader spectrum breast cancer cell-selective therapeutic payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700073, India; Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Department of Chemistry, Ramnagar College, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721453, India
| | - Kathyayani Sridharan
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Tanushree Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Namita S Mahadik
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajkumar Banerjee
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Yin H, Zhang MJ, An RF, Zhou J, Liu W, Morris-Natschke SL, Cheng YY, Lee KH, Huang XF. Diosgenin Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Mechanism of Action. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:616-629. [PMID: 33381964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two new diosgenin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities in three human cancer cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and HepG2) and normal human liver cells (L02) using an MTT assay in vitro. Most compounds, especially 8, 18, 26, and 30, were more potent when compared with diosgenin. The structure-activity relationship results suggested that the presence of a succinic acid or glutaric acid linker, a piperazinyl amide terminus, and lipophilic cations are all beneficial for promoting cytotoxic activity. Notably, compound 8 displayed excellent cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 1.9 μM) and showed relatively low toxicity against L02 cells (IC50 = 18.6 μM), showing some selectivity between normal and tumor cells. Studies on its cellular mechanism of action showed that compound 8 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Predictive studies indicated that p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is the optimum target of 8 based on its 3D molecular similarity, and docking studies showed that compound 8 fits well into the active site of p38α-MAPK and forms relatively strong interactions with the surrounding amino acid residues. Accordingly, compound 8 may be used as a promising lead compound for the development of new antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Feng An
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Xue-Feng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Zhu X, Chen Q, Yang Y, Ai X, Chen S, Song Y. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory effects of novel emodin derivatives bearing azole moieties. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 353:e1900264. [PMID: 31886579 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Twelve azole derivatives of emodin were designed to possess anti-inflammatory activity and synthesized via a two-step sequence composed of the Williamson ether reaction and N-alkylation. The anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells by measuring lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. The introduction of imidazole and four carbons into the scaffold of emodin led to the discovery of the potent compound 7e, which showed the best inhibition of NO production among twelve analogs. In our experiential setting, the IC50 of compound 7e in NO production is 1.35 µM, which is lower than that of indomethacin. Mechanically, compound 7e effectively inhibited the protein and messenger RNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase, as well as that of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6, and the cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Compound 7e exerted inhibitory effects on the nuclear factor κB pathway by reducing the LPS-induced phosphorylation of the inhibitor of NF-κB and the nuclear translation of p-p65. These results suggest the potential of compound 7e in improving inflammatory conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qifang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujin Yang
- Research and Development Center, Chongqing Huapont Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Xixi Ai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Hu X, Cao Y, Yin X, Zhu L, Chen Y, Wang W, Hu J. Design and synthesis of various quinizarin derivatives as potential anticancer agents in acute T lymphoblastic leukemia. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1362-1369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymeric micelles as oral drug delivery system: In vitro drug release and in vivo pharmacokinetics assessment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 490:542-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zheng Y, Zhu L, Fan L, Zhao W, Wang J, Hao X, Zhu Y, Hu X, Yuan Y, Shao J, Wang W. Synthesis, SAR and pharmacological characterization of novel anthraquinone cation compounds as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:902-913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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