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Cheng SY, Delgado-Cruzata L, Clement CC, Zacarias O, Concheiro-Guisan M, Towler N, Snyder T, Zheng M, Almodovar N, Gonzalez C, Romaine M, Sapse AM, Champeil E. Cytotoxicity, crosslinking and biological activity of three mitomycins. Bioorg Chem 2022; 123:105744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zacarias O, Petrovic AG, Abzalimov R, Pradhan P, Champeil E. Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing Trans Mitomycin C DNA Adducts at N 6 of Adenine and N 2 of Guanine. Chemistry 2021; 27:14263-14272. [PMID: 34319608 PMCID: PMC8516704 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitomycin C, (MC), an antitumor drug, is a DNA alkylating agent currently used in the clinics. Inert in its native form, MC is reduced to reactive mitosenes, which undergo nucleophilic attack by guanine or adenine bases in DNA to form monoadducts as well as interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Although ICLs are considered the most cytotoxic lesions, the role of each individual adduct in the drug's cytotoxicity is still not fully understood. Synthetic routes have been developed to access modified oligonucleotides containing dG MC-monoadducts and dG-MC-dG ICL at a single position of their base sequences to investigate the biological effects of these adducts. However, until now, oligonucleotides containing monoadducts formed by MC at the adenine base had not been available, thus preventing the examination of the role played by these lesions in the toxicity of MC. Here, we present a route to access these substrates. Structural proof of the adducted oligonucleotides were provided by enzymatic digestion to nucleosides and high-resolution mass spectral analysis. Additionally, parent oligonucleotides containing a dG monoadduct and a dG-MC-dG ICL were also produced. The stability and physical properties of all substrates were compared via CD spectroscopy and UV melting temperature studies. Finally, virtual models were created to explore the conformational space and structural features of these MC-DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Zacarias
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Ana G Petrovic
- New York Institute of Technology, 1855 Broadway, EGGC 405 A, New York, NY, 10023, USA
| | - Rinat Abzalimov
- City University of New York, Advanced Research Center, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Padmanava Pradhan
- The City College, 138th Street at Convent Avenue, New York, New York, 10031, USA
| | - Elise Champeil
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Wolters JEJ, van Mechelen RJS, Al Majidi R, Pinchuk L, Webers CAB, Beckers HJM, Gorgels TGMF. History, presence, and future of mitomycin C in glaucoma filtration surgery. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2021; 32:148-159. [PMID: 33315724 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating agent with extraordinary ability to crosslink DNA, preventing DNA synthesis. By this virtue, MMC is an important antitumor drug. In addition, MMC has become the gold standard medication for glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). This eye surgery creates a passage for drainage of aqueous humor (AqH) out of the eye into the sub-Tenon's space with the aim of lowering the intraocular pressure. A major cause of failure of this operation is fibrosis and scarring in the sub-Tenon's space, which will restrict AqH outflow. Intraoperative application of MMC during GFS has increased GFS success rate, presumably mainly by reducing fibrosis after GFS. However, still 10% of glaucoma surgeries fail within the first year. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we evaluate risks and benefits of MMC as an adjuvant for GFS. In addition, we discuss possible improvements of its use by adjusting dose and method of administration. SUMMARY One way of improving GFS outcome is to prolong MMC delivery by using a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno E J Wolters
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph J S van Mechelen
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rana Al Majidi
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard Pinchuk
- InnFocus, Inc., a Santen Company
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht
- Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Geleen
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Aguilar W, Zacarias O, Romaine M, Proni G, Petrovic AG, Abzalimov R, Paz MM, Champeil E. Synthesis of Oligonucleotides containing the cis-Interstrand Crosslink Produced by Mitomycins in their Reaction with DNA. Chemistry 2020; 26:12570-12578. [PMID: 32574396 PMCID: PMC7681910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitomycin C (MC) an antitumor drug and decarbamoylmitomycin C (DMC), a derivative of MC lacking the carbamoyl moiety, are DNA alkylating agents which can form DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) between deoxyguanosine residues located on opposing DNA strands. MC forms primarily deoxyguanosine adducts with a 1"-R stereochemistry at the guanine-mitosene bond (1"-α, trans) whereas DMC forms mainly adducts with a 1"-S stereochemistry (1"-β, cis). The crosslinking reaction is diastereospecific: trans-crosslinks are formed exclusively at CpG sequences, while cis-crosslinks are formed only at GpC sequences. Until now, oligonucleotides containing 1"-β-deoxyguanosine adducts or ICL at a specific site could not be synthesized, thus limiting the investigation of the role played by the stereochemical configuration at C1'' in the toxicity of these compounds. Here, a novel biomimetic synthesis to access these substrates is presented. Structural proof of the adducted oligonucleotides and ICL were provided by enzymatic digestion to nucleosides, high resolution mass spectral analysis, CD spectroscopy and UV melting temperature studies. Finally, a virtual model of the 25-mer 1"-β ICL synthesized was created to explore the conformational space and structural features of the crosslinked duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Aguilar
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Owen Zacarias
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Marian Romaine
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Gloria Proni
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Ana G Petrovic
- New York Institute of Technology, 1855 Broadway, EGGC 405A, New York, NY, 10023, USA
| | - Rinat Abzalimov
- City University of New York, Advanced Research Center, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Manuel M Paz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, 15782, Spain
| | - Elise Champeil
- Science Department, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, 524 West 59th street, New York, NY, 10019, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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