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Don TM, Hong YT, Jheng PR, Chuang EY, Huang YC. Improved camptothecin encapsulation and efficacy by environmentally sensitive block copolymer/chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles for targeting lung cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133901. [PMID: 39038585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNP) was polymerized with pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to prepare a PAA-b-PNP block copolymer. Above its cloud point, the block copolymer self-assembled into nanoparticles (NPs), encapsulating the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) in situ. Chitosan (CS) and fucoidan (Fu) further modified these NPs, forming Fu-CPT-NPs to enhance biocompatibility, drug encapsulation efficiency (EE), and loading content (LC), crucially facilitating P-selectin targeting of lung cancer cells through a drug delivery system. The EE and LC reached 82 % and 3.5 %, respectively. According to transmission electron microscope observation, these Fu-CPT-NPs had uniform spherical shapes with an average diameter of ca. 250 nm. They could maintain their stability in a pH range of 5.0-6.8. In vitro experimental results revealed that the Fu-CPT-NPs exhibited good biocompatibility and had anticancer activity after encapsulating CPT. It could deliver CPT to cancer cells by targeting P-selectin, effectively increasing cell uptake and inducing cell apoptosis. Animal study results showed that the Fu-CPT-NPs inhibited lung tumor growth by increasing tumor cell apoptosis without causing significant tissue damage related to generating reactive oxygen species in lung cancer cells. This system can effectively improve drug-delivery efficiency and treatment effects and has great potential for treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Li DZ, Fu ZD, Liu HY, Pan XD. Facile synthesis and cytotoxicity of substituted uracil-1'( N)-acetic acid and 4-pyridone-1'( N)-acetic acid esters of 20(S)-camptothecins. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024; 26:259-268. [PMID: 38347748 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel substituted uracil-1'(N)-acetic acid esters (5-9) and 4-pyridone-1'(N)-acetic acid esters (10-11) of 20(S)-camptothecins (CPTs) have been synthesized by the acylation method. All of these new esters were assayed for in vitro cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines A549, Bel7402, BGC-823, HCT-8 and A2780. The in vitro bioassay results showed that all the synthesized compounds 5-11 had cytotoxities that were higher than TPT and comparable to CPT on these five tumor cell lines, some of them even showed comparable or superior cytotoxic activity to CPT. The in vitro data exhibited the cytotoxicity of the ester depended on that of its parent compound. The ester 5, 6, 8, 10, 11 even possessed the cytotoxity activity comparable to or even a little better than CPT on A549, HCT-8 and A2780. The compound 11 had the same level of cytoxity on Bel7402 as that of CPT. Here the synthesis and the in vitro antitumor evaluation of a series of novel 20-O-linked substituted uracil-1'(N)-acetic acid and 4-pyridone-1'(N)-acetic acid esters derivatives of CPTs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Zao Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, and Key Laboratory of TCM Syndrome and Formula, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao-Di Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xian-Dao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Wang X, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Jiang M, Yao L. The recent developments of camptothecin and its derivatives as potential anti-tumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115710. [PMID: 37595544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This review article focuses on the research progress made in the structural modifications of camptothecin (CPT), a potent cytotoxic natural alkaloid. CPT possesses a unique 5-fused ring structure and exhibits various beneficial activities such as anti-proliferative, anti-fungal, insecticidal, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. CPT and its analogs, including Topotecan and Irinotecan, have been successfully developed and marketed as topoisomerase I inhibitors. To enhance the therapeutic potential of CPT, researchers have undertaken structural modifications primarily on the A, B, and E rings of the CPT core structure. These modifications aim to improve the efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties of CPT derivatives. The article reviews the advancements in hybridizing CPT with other bioactive compounds, the synthesis of novel CPT analogs, and their associated biological activities. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these modified CPT derivatives is summarized to gain insights into their structure-function correlations. In addition to discussing the modifications and biological activities of CPT derivatives, the article also touches upon the mechanism of parent drug release. Many CPT derivatives are prodrugs, meaning they require metabolic activation to generate the active form of the drug. It is a resource for researchers interested in developing novel anti-tumor agents based on CPT, addressing the limitations associated with the parent drug, and exploring various aspects of CPT modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yumeng Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yuankun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Maokai Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Fotie J, Matherne CM, Wroblewski JE. Silicon switch: Carbon-silicon Bioisosteric replacement as a strategy to modulate the selectivity, physicochemical, and drug-like properties in anticancer pharmacophores. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:235-254. [PMID: 37029092 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioisosterism is one of the leading strategies in medicinal chemistry for the design and modification of drugs, consisting in replacing an atom or a substituent with a different atom or a group with similar chemical properties and an inherent biocompatibility. The objective of such an exercise is to produce a diversity of molecules with similar behavior while enhancing the desire biological and pharmacological properties, without inducing significant changes to the chemical framework. In drug discovery and development, the optimization of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity (ADMETox) profile is of paramount importance. Silicon appears to be the right choice as a carbon isostere because they possess very similar intrinsic properties. However, the replacement of a carbon by a silicon atom in pharmaceuticals has proven to result in improved efficacy and selectivity, while enhancing physicochemical properties and bioavailability. The current review discusses how silicon has been strategically introduced to modulate drug-like properties of anticancer agents, from a molecular design strategy, biological activity, computational modeling, and structure-activity relationships perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Fotie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Caitlyn M Matherne
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jordan E Wroblewski
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
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Huang YC, Zeng YJ, Lin YW, Tai HC, Don TM. In Situ Encapsulation of Camptothecin by Self-Assembly of Poly(acrylic acid)- b-Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) and Chitosan for Controlled Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112463. [PMID: 37299263 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity against several cancers. Nevertheless, CPT is very hydrophobic with poor stability, and thus its medical application is limited. Therefore, various drug carriers have been exploited for effectively delivering CPT to the targeted cancer site. In this study, a dual pH/thermo-responsive block copolymer of poly(acrylic acid-b-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PAA-b-PNP) was synthesized and applied to encapsulate CPT. At temperatures above its cloud point, the block copolymer self-assembled to form nanoparticles (NPs) and in situ encapsulate CPT, owing to their hydrophobic interaction as evidenced by fluorescence spectrometry. Chitosan (CS) was further applied on the surface through the formation of a polyelectrolyte complex with PAA for improving biocompatibility. The average particle size and zeta potential of the developed PAA-b-PNP/CPT/CS NPs in a buffer solution were 168 nm and -30.6 mV, respectively. These NPs were still stable at least for 1 month. The PAA-b-PNP/CS NPs exhibited good biocompatibility toward NIH 3T3 cells. Moreover, they could protect the CPT at pH 2.0 with a very slow-release rate. At pH 6.0, these NPs could be internalized by Caco-2 cells, followed by intracellular release of the CPT. They became highly swollen at pH 7.4, and the released CPT was able to diffuse into the cells at higher intensity. Among several cancer cell lines, the highest cytotoxicity was observed for H460 cells. As a result, these environmentally-responsive NPs have the potential to be applied in oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Jie Zeng
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Tai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City 202301, Taiwan
| | - Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist., New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
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Calvo-Martín G, Plano D, Martínez-Sáez N, Aydillo C, Moreno E, Espuelas S, Sanmartín C. Norbornene and Related Structures as Scaffolds in the Search for New Cancer Treatments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121465. [PMID: 36558915 PMCID: PMC9780886 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The norbornene scaffold has arisen as a promising structure in medicinal chemistry due to its possible therapeutic application in cancer treatment. The development of norbornene-based derivatives as potential chemotherapeutic agents is attracting significant attention. Here, we report an unprecedented review on the recent advances of investigations into the antitumoral efficacy of different compounds, including the abovementioned bicyclic scaffold in their structure, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or forming metal complexes. The impact that structural modifications to these bicyclic compounds have on the antitumoral properties and the mechanisms by which these norbornene derivatives act are discussed in this review. In addition, the use of norbornene, and its related compounds, encapsulation in nanosystems for its use in cancer therapies is here detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Calvo-Martín
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.A.); Tel.: +34-948425600 (ext. 806358) (D.P.); +34-948425600 (ext. 803183) (C.A.)
| | - Nuria Martínez-Sáez
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Aydillo
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.A.); Tel.: +34-948425600 (ext. 806358) (D.P.); +34-948425600 (ext. 803183) (C.A.)
| | - Esther Moreno
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Socorro Espuelas
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Departamento de Tecnología y Química Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Irunlarrea, 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Strategies for Solubility and Bioavailability Enhancement and Toxicity Reduction of Norcantharidin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227740. [PMID: 36431851 PMCID: PMC9693198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is the main active ingredient isolated from Mylabris, and norcantharidin (NCTD) is a demethylated derivative of CTD, which has similar antitumor activity to CTD and lower toxicity than CTD. However, the clinical use of NCTD is limited due to its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and toxic effects on normal cells. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have explored a number of strategies, such as chemical structural modifications, microsphere dispersion systems, and nanodrug delivery systems. This review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of NCTD and novel strategies to improve the solubility and bioavailability of NCTD as well as reduce the toxicity. This review can provide evidence for further research of NCTD.
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Camptothecin loaded nano-delivery systems in the cancer therapeutic domains: A critical examination of the literature. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Wu C, Zhao C. Synthesis of l-ascorbic acid-amino acid-norcantharidin conjugates and their biological activity evaluation in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5455-5461. [PMID: 34965811 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2013840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Three components of L-ascorbic acid, amino acid and functionalized norcantharidins were constructed together in several steps to form 42 norcantharidin derivatives in a high yield. The structure of these synthesized l-ascorbic acid-amino acid-norcantharidin conjugates are determined by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MS spectrum. The results showed that compounds 6e, 6g, 6j, 6l, 6m, 6b, 6e, 6i, and 6n showed high cytotoxicity to HepG2 and compounds 6b, 6e-g, 6l, 6n, 7b, 7d, 7h, 7i, 7n, 8g, 8i exhibited high cytotoxicity to SW480; Meanwhile, besides 6b, 6e, 6g, and 6k, the other compounds showed less toxic to LO2 at a concentration of 50 μg/mg after 72 h. Compound 6g can induce Mφ-type macrophages derived from mouse bone marrow to polarize to M1-type macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Xianheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Caoyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
| | - Changkuo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi City, China
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