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Kahts M, Summers B, Gutta A, Pilloy W, Ebenhan T. Recently developed radiopharmaceuticals for bacterial infection imaging. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:49. [PMID: 38896373 PMCID: PMC11187059 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, regardless of advances in antimicrobial therapy and improved knowledge of microorganisms. With the major global threat posed by antimicrobial resistance, fast and accurate diagnosis of infections, and the reliable identification of intractable infection, are becoming more crucial for effective treatment and the application of antibiotic stewardship. Molecular imaging with the use of nuclear medicine allows early detection and localisation of infection and inflammatory processes, as well as accurate monitoring of treatment response. There has been a continuous search for more specific radiopharmaceuticals to be utilised for infection imaging. This review summarises the most prominent discoveries in specifically bacterial infection imaging agents over the last five years, since 2019. MAIN BODY Some promising new radiopharmaceuticals evaluated in patient studies are reported here, including radiolabelled bacterial siderophores like [68Ga]Ga-DFO-B, radiolabelled antimicrobial peptide/peptide fragments like [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-UBI29-41, and agents that target bacterial synthesis pathways (folic acid and peptidoglycan) like [11C]para-aminobenzoic acid and D-methyl-[11C]-methionine, with clinical trials underway for [18F]fluorodeoxy-sorbitol, as well as for 11C- and 18F-labelled trimethoprim. CONCLUSION It is evident that a great deal of effort has gone into the development of new radiopharmaceuticals for infection imaging over the last few years, with remarkable progress in preclinical investigations. However, translation to clinical trials, and eventually clinical Nuclear Medicine practice, is apparently slow. It is the authors' opinion that a more structured and harmonised preclinical setting and well-designed clinical investigations are the key to reliably evaluate the true potential of the newly proposed infection imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryke Kahts
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa.
| | - Beverley Summers
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Aadil Gutta
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa
- School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Wilfrid Pilloy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Baquero F, Beis K, Craik DJ, Li Y, Link AJ, Rebuffat S, Salomón R, Severinov K, Zirah S, Hegemann JD. The pearl jubilee of microcin J25: thirty years of research on an exceptional lasso peptide. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:469-511. [PMID: 38164764 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 1992 up to 2023Since their discovery, lasso peptides went from peculiarities to be recognized as a major family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural products that were shown to be spread throughout the bacterial kingdom. Microcin J25 was first described in 1992, making it one of the earliest known lasso peptides. No other lasso peptide has since then been studied to such an extent as microcin J25, yet, previous review articles merely skimmed over all the research done on this exceptional lasso peptide. Therefore, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of its first report, we give a comprehensive overview of all literature related to microcin J25. This review article spans the early work towards the discovery of microcin J25, its biosynthetic gene cluster, and the elucidation of its three-dimensional, threaded lasso structure. Furthermore, the current knowledge about the biosynthesis of microcin J25 and lasso peptides in general is summarized and a detailed overview is given on the biological activities associated with microcin J25, including means of self-immunity, uptake into target bacteria, inhibition of the Gram-negative RNA polymerase, and the effects of microcin J25 on mitochondria. The in vitro and in vivo models used to study the potential utility of microcin J25 in a (veterinary) medicine context are discussed and the efforts that went into employing the microcin J25 scaffold in bioengineering contexts are summed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital and Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Network Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, UK
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - A James Link
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Raúl Salomón
- Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Séverine Zirah
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM), UMR 7245, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Julian D Hegemann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Campus E8 1, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Dadachova E, Rangel DEN. Recent Advancements in Radiopharmaceuticals for Infection Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2813:205-217. [PMID: 38888780 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the interest toward diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Nuclear medicine, with its powerful scintigraphic, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modalities, has always played an important role in diagnosis of infections and distinguishing them from the sterile inflammation. In addition to the clinically available radiopharmaceuticals, there has been a decades-long effort to develop more specific imaging agents with some examples being radiolabeled antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides for bacterial imaging, radiolabeled antifungals for fungal infections imaging, radiolabeled pathogen-specific antibodies, and molecular engineered constructs. In this chapter, we discuss some examples of the work published in the last decade on developing nuclear imaging agents for bacterial, fungal, and viral infections to generate more interest among nuclear medicine community toward conducting clinical trials of these novel probes, as well as toward developing novel radiotracers for imaging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Terán M, Osorio J, Cardoso E, Tejería E, Paolino A, Reyes AL, Cecchetto G. [ 99m Tc]Tc-HYNIC-EcgDf21: A defensin short analogue with potential application in infection foci imaging. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:593-604. [PMID: 36138520 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic infections are a problem of great relevance in public health and the precise detection and localization of infection in the early stages of the disease is of great importance for patient management as well as cost containment. Our proposal seeks to contribute to developing a new agent that meets the needs of diagnosis and follow-up of fungal and bacterial infections, focused on the design of a radiotracer with the potential for recognition of hidden infection foci. Defensins are plant antimicrobial peptides that not only show activity against plant pathogens but also against human ones. A short analogue of EcgDf1 defensin, EcgDf21d (NH2 -ERFTGGHCRGFRRRCFCTKHC-COOH), was labelled through the formation of a 99m Tc-HYNIC complex which was assessed for physicochemical and biological behaviour both in vitro and in vivo. The [99m Tc]Tc-HYNIC-EcgDf21 labelling procedure rendered a single product with remarkably high RCP and stability in the labelling milieu. The Log p value indicated that [99m Tc]Tc-HYNIC-EcgDf21 has a hydrophilic behaviour, confirmed by the biodistribution profiles. The optimal uptake value was obtained for Candida albicans infection model reaching a lesion/muscle ratio of 3, this correlates with in vitro binding studies, and the lesion can be definitely observed in the scintigraphic images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Terán
- Área de Radioquímica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jessica Osorio
- Área de Radioquímica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Elena Cardoso
- Área de Radioquímica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Emilia Tejería
- Área de Radioquímica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Paolino
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Laura Reyes
- Centro Uruguayo de Imagenología Molecular (CUDIM), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gianna Cecchetto
- Área de Microbiología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias-Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (Udelar), Montevideo, Uruguay
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Mazaheri Tehrani M, Erfani M, Goudarzi M. Inflammation scintigraphy imaging through a novel antimicrobial peptide labeled with technetium-99m in an animal model. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:673-680. [PMID: 35939321 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), due to their biological properties, have great potential for radiopharmaceutical development. In this research, a new antimicrobial peptide, derived from a 21-residue antimicrobial peptide microcinJ25 (MccJ25), was utilized to diagnose inflamed sites in mice bodies after labeling with [99mTc]Tc. MATERIALS AND METHODS An antimicrobial peptide derivative was connected with an efficient chelator, hydrazinonicotinamide, and then labeled with [99mTc]Tc. The binding of labeled microcinJ25 conjugate to lymphocyte was investigated in vitro. Turpentine oil-induced inflammation uptake and tissue distribution were assessed through the animal pattern. Detector scanning was done through scintigraphy post injection of [99mTc]Tc-radiopeptide within different time points. RESULTS High radiochemical purity (>98%) was obtained for [99mTc]Tc-radiopeptide. Lymphocyte binding assessment showed specific cell binding. Binding Inhibition was observed when additional unlabeled conjugate was used. In in vivo biological distribution studies, the uptake for inflamed tissue was 1.52 ± 0.12%ID/g. The inflammation site was visualized by scintigraphy imaging at 1 up to 2 hours. CONCLUSION Based on our results this new designed [99mTc]Tc-radiopeptide was able to detect inflammation sites early and with high resolution, and could be considered a promising diagnostic candidate in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mazaheri Tehrani
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Erfani
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Goudarzi
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Dadachova E, Rangel DEN. Highlights of the Latest Developments in Radiopharmaceuticals for Infection Imaging and Future Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:819702. [PMID: 35223918 PMCID: PMC8873932 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.819702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the interest toward diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Nuclear medicine with its powerful scintigraphic, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modalities has always played an important role in diagnosis of infections and distinguishing them from the sterile inflammation. In addition to the clinically available radiopharmaceuticals there has been a decades-long effort to develop more specific imaging agents with some examples being radiolabeled antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides for bacterial imaging, radiolabeled anti-fungals for fungal infections imaging, radiolabeled pathogen-specific antibodies and molecular engineered constructs. In this opinion piece, we would like to discuss some examples of the work published in the last decade on developing nuclear imaging agents for bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in order to generate more interest among nuclear medicine community toward conducting clinical trials of these novel probes, as well as toward developing novel radiotracers for imaging infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ekaterina Dadachova
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Rima M, Rima M, Fajloun Z, Sabatier JM, Bechinger B, Naas T. Antimicrobial Peptides: A Potent Alternative to Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1095. [PMID: 34572678 PMCID: PMC8466391 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides constitute one of the most promising alternatives to antibiotics since they could be used to treat bacterial infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. Many antimicrobial peptides, with various activity spectra and mechanisms of actions, have been described. This review focuses on their use against ESKAPE bacteria, especially in biofilm treatments, their synergistic activity, and their application as prophylactic agents. Limitations and challenges restricting therapeutic applications are highlighted, and solutions for each challenge are evaluated to analyze whether antimicrobial peptides could replace antibiotics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Rima
- Team ReSIST, INSERM U1184, School of Medicine Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France;
| | - Mohamad Rima
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (M.R.); (Z.F.)
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (M.R.); (Z.F.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences III, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institut de Neuro Physiopathologie, UMR7051, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Pharmacie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7177, University of Strasbourg, 67008 Strasbourg, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Team ReSIST, INSERM U1184, School of Medicine Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France;
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
- French National Reference Centre for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
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