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Peng R, Ma X, Jiang Z, Duan Y, Lv S, Jing W. Integrative analysis of Anoikis-related genes reveals that FASN is a novel prognostic biomarker and promotes the malignancy of bladder cancer via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34029. [PMID: 39071712 PMCID: PMC11283158 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) exhibits diversity in clinical outcomes and is characterized by heterogeneity. Anoikis, a form of programmed cell death, plays a crucial role in facilitating tumor invasion and metastasis. This study comprehensively investigated the genetic landscape of BC progression, identifying 300 differentially expressed Anoikis-related genes (DE-ARGs) through in-depth analysis of the GSE13507 datasets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed associations with diverse diseases and biological processes. Employing machine learning algorithms, a logistic regression model based on nine marker genes demonstrated superior accuracy in distinguishing BC from normal samples. Validation in TCGA datasets highlighted the prognostic significance of LRP1, FASN, and SIRT6, suggesting their potential as cancer biomarkers. Particularly, FASN emerged as an independent prognostic indicator, regulating BC cell proliferation and metastasis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The study provides crucial insights into altered genetic landscapes and potential therapeutic strategies for BC, emphasizing the significance of FASN in BC prognosis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for In Vitro Diagnosis of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhiyun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shaogang Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Liang Y, Ban Y, Liu L, Li Y. Inhibitory Effects of the Polyphenols from the Root of Rhizophora apiculata Blume on Fatty Acid Synthase Activity and Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:1180. [PMID: 38474695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine mangrove vegetation has been traditionally employed in folk medicine to address various ailments. Notably, Rhizophora apiculata Blume has exhibited noteworthy properties, demonstrating efficacy against cancer, viruses, and bacteria. The enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) plays a pivotal role in de novo fatty acid synthesis, making it a promising target for combating colon cancer. Our study focused on evaluating the FAS inhibitory effects of both the crude extract and three isolated compounds from R. apiculata. The n-butanol fraction of R. apiculata extract (BFR) demonstrated a significant inhibition of FAS, with an IC50 value of 93.0 µg/mL. For inhibition via lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-rhamnopyranoside (LR), the corresponding IC50 value was 20.1 µg/mL (35.5 µM). LR competitively inhibited the FAS reaction with acetyl-CoA, noncompetitively with malonyl-CoA, and in a mixed manner with NADPH. Our results also suggest that both BFR and LR reversibly bind to the KR domain of FAS, hindering the reduction of saturated acyl groups in fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, BFR and LR displayed time-dependent inhibition for FAS, with kobs values of 0.0045 min-1 and 0.026 min-1, respectively. LR also exhibited time-dependent inhibition on the KR domain, with a kobs value of 0.019 min-1. In human colon cancer cells, LR demonstrated the ability to reduce viability and inhibit intracellular FAS activity. Notably, the effects of LR on human colon cancer cells could be reversed with the end product of FAS-catalyzed chemical reactions, affirming the specificity of LR on FAS. These findings underscore the potential of BFR and LR as potent FAS inhibitors, presenting novel avenues for the treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Ban
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Beijing 100084, China
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Souchek J, Laliwala A, Houser L, Muraskin L, Vu Q, Mohs AM. Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors Enhance Microtubule-Stabilizing and Microtubule-Destabilizing Drugs in Taxane-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1859-1869. [PMID: 38093839 PMCID: PMC10714433 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. Taxane chemotherapy is a staple therapy for men with metastatic prostate cancer, yet the median survival is less than 2 years in this setting. New strategies are needed to overcome taxane resistance to improve patient survival. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in many types of cancer, and several inhibitors have been designed in the past 30 years. Previously, we showed that the FASN inhibitor orlistat was able to synergize with taxanes in two established taxane-resistant (TxR) cell lines. In the current study, we investigated five FASN inhibitors-cerulenin, orlistat, triclosan, thiophenopyrimidine fasnall, and pyrazole derivative TVB-3166 for their potential to synergize with docetaxel (a microtubule stabilizer) and vinblastine (a microtubule destabilizer) in TxR cell lines. Orlistat, TVB-3166, and fasnall synergistically inhibited cell viability when combined with docetaxel and vinblastine in PC3-TxR and DU145-TxR cells. Confocal microscopy and immunoblot with an antidetyrosinated tubulin antibody demonstrated that enhanced microtubule stability was induced by the combined treatment of FASN inhibitors and docetaxel compared with docetaxel alone, while combinations of FASN inhibitors with vinblastine diminished microtubule stability compared to vinblastine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
J. Souchek
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
| | - Aayushi Laliwala
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
| | - Lucas Houser
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
| | - Lindsey Muraskin
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
| | - Quyen Vu
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
| | - Aaron M. Mohs
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
- Fred
& Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6858, United States
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Mallick R, Bhowmik P, Duttaroy AK. Targeting fatty acid uptake and metabolism in cancer cells: A promising strategy for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115591. [PMID: 37774669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite scientific development, cancer is still a fatal disease. The development of cancer is thought to be significantly influenced by fatty acids. Several mechanisms that control fatty acid absorption and metabolism are reported to be altered in cancer cells to support their survival. Cancer cells can use de novo synthesis or uptake of extracellular fatty acid if one method is restricted. This factor makes it more difficult to target one pathway while failing to treat the disease properly. Side effects may also arise if several inhibitors simultaneously target many targets. If a viable inhibitor could work on several routes, the number of negative effects might be reduced. Comparative investigations against cell viability have found several potent natural and manmade substances. In this review, we discuss the complex roles that fatty acids play in the development of tumors and the progression of cancer, newly discovered and potentially effective natural and synthetic compounds that block the uptake and metabolism of fatty acids, the adverse side effects that can occur when multiple inhibitors are used to treat cancer, and emerging therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Prasenjit Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Lakshmi Soukya PS, Sajeli Begum A. Computational study on natural molecules targeting β-ketoacyl reductase domain of fatty acid synthase for the identification of selective inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37909465 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2273441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) enzyme is a lipid metabolism protein that provides the essential nutrients to cancer cells through de novo lipogenesis. Also, it plays a key role in other disease conditions, including obesity and inflammation. Hence, targeting the β-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of FASN protein, an in-silico study was performed on some selective bioactive natural molecules following a repurposing strategy to identify FASN inhibitors. A molecular docking study followed by Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) predictions, binding free energy calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed against FASN protein (PDB ID:6NNA) using Schrodinger Drug Discovery Software. Compounds rutin, trans-chlorogenic acid, norbergenin, myricetin, quercetin, physalolactone, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol, asperulosidic acid, luteolin, curcumin, 12-deoxywithastramonolide, pedunculoside, hernandifoline, and withafastuosin E were identified as hits, presenting better docking scores (-16.2, -14.1, -12.3, -12.1, -12.0, -11.3, -10.3, -9.8, -9.3, -9.2, -9.1, -8.5, -8.4, -8.3, -7.9, respectively) and hydrogen bond interactions with Ser 2021 and Tyr 2034 amino acids of the KR domain of FASN. The MD simulations study of top five hits in complex with protein 6NNA uncovered the significant interactions leading to the stabilization of ligand with Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) below 5.00 Å and the stability was further validated by evaluating the root mean square fluctuation, solvent accessible surface area, and radius of gyration graphs. Also, the FASN inhibition effect of top four hits (50 µM) was >50% when corroborated using High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC-based estimation of palmitic acid in MCF-7 cells. Thus rutin, trans-chlorogenic acid, norbergenin, and myricetin are proposed as prospective FASN inhibitory leads. Overall, the results provided useful modifications in pharmacophoric features that could improve the inhibitory effect.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Lakshmi Soukya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India
| | - A Sajeli Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India
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Bavis MM, Nicholas AM, Tobin AJ, Christian SL, Brown RJ. The breast cancer microenvironment and lipoprotein lipase: Another negative notch for a beneficial enzyme? FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:586-596. [PMID: 36652113 PMCID: PMC10068309 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy demand of breast cancers is in part met through the β-oxidation of exogenous fatty acids. Fatty acids may also be used to aid in cell signaling and toward the construction of new membranes for rapidly proliferating tumor cells. A significant quantity of fatty acids comes from the hydrolysis of lipoprotein triacylglycerols and phospholipids by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The lipid obtained via LPL in the breast tumor microenvironment may thus promote breast tumor growth and development. In this hypothesis article, we introduce LPL, provide a meta-analysis of RNAseq data showing that LPL is associated with poor prognosis, and explain how LPL might play a role in breast cancer prognosis over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makayla M Bavis
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Allison M Nicholas
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Alexandria J Tobin
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Robert J Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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AZ12756122, a novel fatty acid synthase inhibitor, decreases resistance features in EGFR-TKI resistant EGFR-mutated NSCLC cell models. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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