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Xue K, Li J, Huang R. The immunoregulatory role of gut microbiota in the incidence, progression, and therapy of breast cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1411249. [PMID: 39035351 PMCID: PMC11257971 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1411249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most prevalent malignant tumor in women and one of the leading causes of female mortality. Its occurrence and progression are influenced by various factors, including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and hormones. In recent years, the gut microbiota has been identified as a significant factor affecting BrCa. The gut microbiota refers to the collective population of various microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. Gut microbiota is closely associated with human health and disease development, participating in crucial physiological functions such as digestion, metabolism, immune response, and neural regulation. It has been found to influence the occurrence and treatment of BrCa through a variety of mechanisms. This article aims to review the immunomodulatory role of the gut microbiota in the development and treatment of BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Chen N, Yang L, Ding N, Li G, Cai J, An X, Wang Z, Qin J, Niu Y. Recurrent neural network (RNN) model accelerates the development of antibacterial metronidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22893-22901. [PMID: 36105994 PMCID: PMC9377161 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole is a specific drug against trichomonas and anaerobic bacteria, and is widely used in the clinic. However, extensive clinical application is often accompanied by extensive side effects, so it is still of great significance to develop metronidazole derivatives with a new skeleton. Compared with other traditional receptor-based drug design methods, the computational model based on a neural network has higher accuracy and reliability. In this work, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model is applied to the discovery of metronidazole drugs with a new skeleton. Firstly, the generation model based on a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) is trained to generate an effective Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) string library with high precision. Then, transfer learning is introduced to fine-tune the GRU model, and many molecules with structures similar to known active drugs are generated. After cluster analysis of the structures of the new compounds, 20 small molecular compounds with metronidazole structures of all different categories were selected, of which 19 may not belong to any published patents or applications. Through prediction and personal experience, the difficulty of synthesizing these 20 new structures was analyzed, and compound 0001 was chosen as our synthetic target, and a series of structures (8a–l) similar to compound 0001 were synthesized. Finally, the inhibitory activities of these compounds against bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. aureus were determined. The results showed that compound 8a–l had obvious inhibitory activity against these four bacteria, which proved the accuracy of our compound generation model. Generating antibacterial metronidazole derivatives using a recurrent neural network model.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Na Ding
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Guiwen Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Jiajing Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli An
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhen Niu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049 Shandong, China
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