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Guerrero F, Zheng Q, Kramer J, Reichow B, Snyder P. A systematic review of the measurement properties of the Family Empowerment Scale. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:856-869. [PMID: 36843295 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2178528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review and evaluate existing psychometric evidence for the Family Empowerment Scale (FES), which has been widely used to measure empowerment across the world. METHODS Three databases were searched up until December 2021. Eligible studies were identified by an interdisciplinary team using the PRISMA procedure. The methodological quality of psychometrics (Risk of Bias standards) and sufficiency of each psychometric property (e.g., reliability, content validity, construct validity, responsiveness) were independently evaluated by three members, following COnsesus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). RESULTS Twelve studies involving 3278 caregivers were included in the review. Studies reported limited information about content validity and study sample characteristics. There is sufficient evidence with moderate methodological quality to support structural validity for a four and three-bifactor structure. Sufficient evidence with good methodological quality was found for internal consistency. No studies examined responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Future psychometric studies of the FES should include diverse families and establish content validity following current COSMIN standards. Structural validity evidence does not support the original three-factor structure, which suggests the need to refine the theoretical measurement constructs. Responsiveness is needed prior to using FES as an instrument of change in applied research studies.Implications for RehabilitationThe evidence for the use of the Family Empowerment Scale (FES) is primarily with families of children with disabilities who identify as white, non-Hispanic, and live in the US.Across studies, evidence suggests the FES items work well together to measure family empowerment.Caution should be used when using the FES to measure changes in empowerment over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Guerrero
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qunshan Zheng
- Anita Zucker Center for Excellence in Early Childhood Studies, School of Special Education, School Psychology, and Early Childhood Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Kramer
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Reichow
- Anita Zucker Center for Excellence in Early Childhood Studies, School of Special Education, School Psychology, and Early Childhood Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- A.J. Pappanikou Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Patricia Snyder
- Anita Zucker Center for Excellence in Early Childhood Studies, School of Special Education, School Psychology, and Early Childhood Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Guillén V, Arnal A, Pérez S, Garcia-Alandete J, Fernandez-Felipe I, Grau A, Botella C, Marco JH. Family connections in the treatment of relatives of people with eating disorders and personality disorders: study protocol of a randomized control trial. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:88. [PMID: 36998024 PMCID: PMC10064734 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders (EDs) are serious disorders that significantly affect not only the lives of patients, but also those of their family members who often experience high levels of burden, suffering and helplessness. If, in addition to ED, the patient has a personality disorder (PD), the psychological distress experienced by family members can be devastating. However, few treatments have been developed for family members of people with ED and PD. Family Connections (FC) is a programme that has been shown to be effective for family members of people with borderline personality disorder. The overall aims of this work are: (a) to adapt FC for application to family members of patients with BPD-PD (FC: ED-PD); (b) to analyse, in a randomised controlled clinical trial, the efficacy of this programme in a Spanish population, compared to a control condition consisting of treatment as usual optimised treatment (TAU-O); (c) to analyse the feasibility of the intervention protocol; (d) to analyse whether the changes that may occur in relatives are related to improvements in the family climate and/or improvements observed in patients; and (e) to analyse the perceptions and opinions of relatives and patients about the two intervention protocols. METHODS The study uses a two-arm randomised controlled clinical trial with two experimental conditions: adaptation of FC programme (FC: ED-PD) or Treatment as usual optimised (TAU-O). Participants will be family members of patients who meet DSM-5 criteria for ED and PD or dysfunctional personality traits. Participants will be assessed before and after treatment and at one-year follow-up. The intention-to-treat principle will be used when analysing the data. DISCUSSION The results obtained are expected to confirm the effectiveness of the programme and its good acceptance by family members. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05404035. Accepted: May 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guillén
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, CP 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Arnal
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, CP 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, CP 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Garcia-Alandete
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, CP 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernandez-Felipe
- Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda Sos Baynat, S/N, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Antoni Grau
- Ita-Salud Mental, Especialistas en Salud Mental, C/Tavern, 61, 08006, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda Sos Baynat, S/N, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - José Heliodoro Marco
- Universidad de Valencia, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, CP 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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van der Perk CJ, van de Riet L, Alsem M, van Goudoever JB, Maaskant J. Prognostic factors influencing parental empowerment after discharge of their hospitalized child: A cross-sectional study. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 66:e145-e151. [PMID: 35537978 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a growing number of children with medical complexity (CMC). After hospitalization, care often has to be continued at home, making transitional care very important. However, many parents do not feel empowered in their role as caregiver for the child. To move forward in this field, we explored prognostic factors associated with parental empowerment after discharge of hospitalized children. DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we collected data on potential prognostic factors found in the literature and on parental empowerment by means of the Family Empowerment Scale (FES). Linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between the prognostic factors and the FES. RESULTS Data from 228 patients and their parents were analyzed. Out of twelve factors included in the study, three showed significant associations with parental empowerment. Parents of CMC felt more empowered compared to parents of children with less complex conditions (β = 0.20, p = 0.00). We found a positive association between the age of the child and parental empowerment (β = 0.01, p = 0.00). Employed couples felt more empowered compared to unemployed couples (β = 0.30, p = 0.00). These three variables explained 11% of variance in the FES scores. CONCLUSIONS Parental empowerment is associated with the patient's age, child's medical complexity, and parental employment status. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Attention should be paid to the discharge preparation of parents of children with less medical complexity. Awareness is required for parents of younger children and parental employment status, because they are at risk for lower parental empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cor-Jan van der Perk
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Liz van de Riet
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mattijs Alsem
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Maaskant
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam Department of Data Science and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Boztepe H, Çınar S, Kanbay Y, Acımış B, Özgür F, Terzioglu F. Validity and reliability of the Family Empowerment Scale for parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:277-285. [PMID: 34786745 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empowerment is recognized as a crucial concept in strengthening the position of parents in healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish Family Empowerment Scale (FES). METHODS This methodological study was conducted between January and March 2021, with 348 family members actively caring for their children in the age group of 0-18 years with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). The English FES was translated into Turkish using back translation and modified so that it is generic and convenient for all families. The construct validity, internal validity, internal consistency, and split-half test reliability and responsiveness of the Turkish FES were examined. RESULTS The original FES structure with three factors (family, health services provided to the child and community participation) and 34 items was verified in Turkish culture. This obtained structure can explain 66% of the variance of the relevant concept. Scores of parents ranged between 34 and 170 points. Increasing scores indicated a positive significance regarding family empowerment. The Cronbach's α reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as 0.976. CONCLUSION The study findings and the goodness-of-fit values indicated that the FES and its Turkish version are a valid and reliable measurement instrument to be used in Turkish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Boztepe
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Çınar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Kanbay
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Burcu Acımış
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Özgür
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Terzioglu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Lepistö SJ, Ellonen N, Rantanen HE, Vuorenmaa MK, Helminen MT, Paavilainen E. Parental Worries, Child Maltreatment Risk and Empowerment: How Are They Noticed in Child and Family Services? CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9020269. [PMID: 35204989 PMCID: PMC8870057 DOI: 10.3390/children9020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parental empowerment has been related to their well-being and self-efficacy. Learning more about the signs describing child maltreatment risk are crucial for the welfare of children and families. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of child maltreatment (CM) and related worrying factors of parents and associations between the CM risk, worries and parental empowerment. The study is based on self-report surveys administered to parents in primary health care and hospital settings. The risk of CM and related worrying factors were measured by the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAP) from 453 parents. Family empowerment was measured by The Generic Family Empowerment Scale (G-FES). Parents expressed worries such as loneliness and distress (20%), feelings of persecution (9%), family conflict (17%), rigidity (21%) and financial insecurity (4%). The BCAP found 27 parents with increased risk. Parents with CM risk expressed more empowerment in connection to services for their child and family. It is crucial to discuss worries in child and family services before they raise the risk level. Tools such as the BCAP are useful in systematically identifying the child maltreatment risk and parental worries under discussion, offering possibilities for preventing child maltreatment and increasing well-being of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Johanna Lepistö
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Nursing Sciences, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-50-911-3289
| | - Noora Ellonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland;
| | | | | | - Mika Tapio Helminen
- Tays Reseach Services, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Eija Paavilainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland;
- South Ostrobothnia Hospital District, 60220 Seinäjoki, Finland
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Segers EW, van den Hoogen A, van Eerden IC, Hafsteinsdóttir T, Ketelaar M. Perspectives of parents and nurses on the content validity of the Family Empowerment Scale for parents of children with a chronic condition: A mixed-methods study. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:111-120. [PMID: 30426545 PMCID: PMC7380029 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insight into parental empowerment is important to understanding the impact of health care policy and to supporting and strengthening parents in the care of their child. The Family Empowerment Scale (FES) is a valid 24-item instrument that measures parental empowerment. It was originally developed for parents of children with emotional disabilities. It has been translated from English into Dutch. Before using the translated FES in another context, the aim of this study was to assess the content validity of the Dutch FES in the context of children with a chronic condition in a children's hospital, according to parents and nurses. METHOD This content validity study has a convergent, mixed-methods design. The content validity index was used to examine the relevance, according to 22 parents and 12 nurses quantitatively, on a scale and item level. The qualitative part assessed the comprehensiveness and comprehension of the FES through cognitive interviewing with eight parents and four nurses. The results of both analyses were converged to determine content validity. RESULTS The scale-content validity index was 0.88; three items scored < 0.78 on the item level. For 10 (of 24) items, issues were noticed about the tone and clarity of wording. Participants considered the FES to be not only an instrument of research but also an instrument that could be used to give insight into the personal degree of parental empowerment. CONCLUSION The content validity of the Dutch FES for parents of children with a chronic condition can be considered sufficient. Resolving some minor translation issues in some of the items is advised. The FES can be used in further research to examine the value of the FES in health care services, aiming to support the needs of parents and to increase their empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth W Segers
- Department of Children, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes van den Hoogen
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thora Hafsteinsdóttir
- Department of Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Science and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Ketelaar
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Wakimizu R, Fujioka H, Nishigaki K, Matsuzawa A. Family empowerment and associated factors in Japanese families raising a child with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. Int J Nurs Sci 2018; 5:370-376. [PMID: 31406850 PMCID: PMC6626277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Family caregivers raising children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) experience the enormous burden of care. The concept of family empowerment is one of the important assessment indexes of family nursing from the perspective of providing comprehensive support for these families. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the empowerment of families raising a child with SMID in Japan. Methods We conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey involving 1659 primary caregivers raising a child with SMID through 89 special schools. We assessed the main outcomes using the Family Empowerment Scale (FES). We then conducted a multiple linear regression analysis to reveal the factors associated with family empowerment. Results In total, 1362 primary caregivers were included in our study. Our results show that factors contributing to high FES scores are higher age of the primary caregiver, higher education, greater recognition of regional support, lower childcare burden, higher utilization of home visit services, higher usage of a childcare institution, higher household income, and stronger family bonding. Conclusion Healthcare professionals should carefully assess the state of family empowerment of the primary caregivers who are younger and those who have low education, low household income, high childcare burden, and fragile bonding with the family. Second, they should encourage such families to use regional support resources for childcare. That is, policy makers should consider ways to promote home visits and institutional services for the care of children with SMID, aiming especially for the provision of well-coordinated care and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Wakimizu
- Department of Child Healthcare Nursing, Division of Health Innovation and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujioka
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaori Nishigaki
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Sciences, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akemi Matsuzawa
- Department of Nursing, Ibaraki Christian University, Ibaraki, Japan
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Vuorenmaa M, Halme N, Kaunonen M, Åstedt-Kurki P, Perälä ML. Determinants of maternal and paternal empowerment: exploring the role of childhood adversities. Eur J Public Health 2016; 27:35-41. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Vuorenmaa M, Perälä ML, Halme N, Kaunonen M, Åstedt-Kurki P. Associations between family characteristics and parental empowerment in the family, family service situations and the family service system. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:25-35. [PMID: 26134361 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental empowerment signifies parents' sense of confidence in managing their children, interacting with services that their children use and improving child care services. High empowerment is associated with parents' resilience to demands and their confidence to make decisions and take actions that positively affect their families. Most families with children access various healthcare and education services. Professionals working in these services are therefore ideally placed to reinforce parental empowerment. However, little is known about the characteristics associated with parental empowerment within a generic sample of parents or in the context of basic child care services. AIM The aim of this study was to assess how family characteristics are associated with maternal and paternal empowerment in the family, in service situations and in the service system. METHOD Parental empowerment was measured among 955 parents (mothers = 571; fathers = 384) of children aged 0-9 years using the Generic Family Empowerment Scale. Family characteristics were assessed through questions on children, parents and the life situation. Associations between empowerment and family characteristics were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance and t-test. Parental empowerment was predicted by multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Parents' concerns related to their parenting, such as whether they possessed sufficient skills as a parent or losing their temper with children, as well as experiences of stress in everyday life, were negatively associated with all dimensions of maternal and paternal empowerment. Both determinants were more common and more significant in empowerment than child-related problems. CONCLUSION Promoting parental self-confidence and providing appropriate emotional and concrete support for everyday functioning may reinforce parental empowerment, thereby enhancing families' well-being and coping, as well as improving their access to required services and timely support. Finally, it may facilitate the provision of better services to all families.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vuorenmaa
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science, Finnish Post-Graduate School in Nursing Science, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M-L Perälä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Halme
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kaunonen
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Åstedt-Kurki
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
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Vuorenmaa M, Halme N, Perälä ML, Kaunonen M, Åstedt-Kurki P. Perceived influence, decision-making and access to information in family services as factors of parental empowerment: a cross-sectional study of parents with young children. Scand J Caring Sci 2015; 30:290-302. [PMID: 26010395 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental empowerment is known to increase parents' resources and to reduce stress, and therefore to improve family well-being. Professionals working in family services (child health clinics, school health care, day care, preschool and primary school) encounter families in various everyday settings and can significantly support parental empowerment. AIM This study aimed (i) to identify associations between parental empowerment and demographic and family service characteristics (i.e. parents' participation and perceived influence, decision-making and access to information) and (ii) to identify predictors of maternal and paternal empowerment. METHOD Study design was cross-sectional. Participants were mothers (n = 571) and fathers (n = 384) of children aged 0-9 who were selected by stratified random sampling in 2009. Associations were analysed by t-test, one-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Sufficient perceived influence and joint decision-making by family and professionals on family service appointments emerged as significant variables of increased parental empowerment. Access to adequate information about municipal services was also associated with high empowerment. These family service characteristics were associated with parents' sense that they were able to manage in everyday life and had influence on specific service situations and family services in general. Mothers with a child aged under 3 or a child in home care or primary school, and fathers with a lower education feel less empowered in family services than other parents. CONCLUSION Knowledge about the factors associated with parental empowerment can contribute to further reinforce parental empowerment, help identify parents who need special attention and contribute to the development of family services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaret Vuorenmaa
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science, Finnish Post Graduate School in Nursing Science, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Halme
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marja Kaunonen
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science, University of Tampere, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Åstedt-Kurki
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science, University of Tampere, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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Vuorenmaa M, Halme N, Åstedt-Kurki P, Kaunonen M, Perälä ML. Validity and reliability of the personnel version of the Family Empowerment Scale (FES) for the social, health and educational services in Finland. J Adv Nurs 2013; 70:927-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maaret Vuorenmaa
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science; University of Tampere; Finnish Post Graduate School in Nursing Science; Finland
| | - Nina Halme
- National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Åstedt-Kurki
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science; University of Tampere; Department of General Administration; Pirkanmaa Hospital District; Finland
| | - Marja Kaunonen
- School of Health Sciences, Nursing Science; University of Tampere; Department of General Administration; Pirkanmaa Hospital District; Finland
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