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Putra IGNE, McInerney AM, Robinson E, Deschênes SS. Neighbourhood characteristics and socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from the Growing Up in Ireland study. Health Place 2024; 86:103180. [PMID: 38301383 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the role of neighbourhood characteristics in explaining socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health (the total difficulties score from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) using data from Cohort '08 of Growing Up in Ireland Waves 3 (age 5; baseline) and 5 (age 9; follow-up). Twenty neighbourhood items were grouped into neighbourhood safety, built environments, cohesion, interaction, and disorder. Data were analysed using regression, single and multiple mediation, and network psychometric analyses. We found that neighbourhood safety, cohesion, interaction, and disorder were associated with child mental health. These four domains separately (by up to 18 %) or in concert (by up to 23 %) partially explained socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health. Built environments may explain socioeconomic inequalities in mental health in urban children only. Findings from network analysis indicated that specific concerns over "people being drunk or taking drugs in public" and "this is a safe neighbourhood" had the strongest connections with child mental health. Improving neighbourhood characteristics may be important to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in child mental health in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Amy M McInerney
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Franklin F, Rajamanikam A, Phang WK, Raju CS, Gill JS, Francis B, Sy-Cherng Woon L, Govind SK. Establishing associated risk factors, including fungal and parasitic infections among Malaysians living with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:385. [PMID: 38172146 PMCID: PMC10764362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial, and the identification of its risk factors are scarce and highly variable. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with schizophrenia among Malaysian sub-population. A total of 120 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ) and 180 non-schizophrenic (NS) individuals participated in a questionnaire-based survey. Data of complete questionnaire responses obtained from 91 SZ and 120 NS participants were used in statistical analyses. Stool samples were obtained from the participants and screened for gut parasites and fungi using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The median age were 46 years (interquartile range (IQR) 37 to 60 years) and 35 years (IQR 24 to 47.75 years) for SZ and NS respectively. Multivariable binary logistic regression showed that the factors associated with increased risk of SZ were age, sex, unemployment, presence of other chronic ailment, smoking, and high dairy consumption per week. These factors, except sex, were positively associated with the severity of SZ. Breastfed at infancy as well as vitamin and supplement consumption showed a protective effect against SZ. After data clean-up, fungal or parasitic infections were found in 98% (39/42). of SZ participants and 6.1% (3/49) of NS participants. Our findings identified non-modifiable risk factors (age and sex) and modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors (unemployment, presence of other chronic ailment, smoking, and high dairy consumption per week) associated with SZ and implicate the need for medical attention in preventing fungal and parasitic infections in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Franklin
- Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Wei Kit Phang
- Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jesjeet Singh Gill
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benedict Francis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luke Sy-Cherng Woon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
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Sociodemographic factors associated with mixed- feeding practices among a cohort of mothers with infants aged 4 - 14 weeks in Tlokwe subdistrict, North West Province, South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHILD HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.7196/sajch.2022.v16.i4.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of an infant’s life is the recommended gold standard for infant feeding; however, mixed feeding (MF) is common in various settings. In South Africa (SA), especially in the Tlokwe subdistrict of North West Province, there is little information on the association between sociodemographic factors and infant MF practices.Objective. To identify the sociodemographic factors associated with MF practices in a cohort of mothers of infants aged 4 - 14 weeks in the Tlokwe subdistrict of North West.
Methods. The study setting was 8 health facilities in the Tlokwe subdistrict. Participants comprised postpartum women with infants aged 4 - 14 weeks. Data analysis used SPSS version 25.0. Normal data are presented as means (standard deviation (SD)), skewed data as median values (25th, 75th percentiles) and categorical values as percentages and frequencies. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysed the association between sociodemographic factors and MF practices at time point 2 (10 - 14 weeks).
Results. The majority of the mothers were aged between 25 and 29 years, and 37% had at least 2 live children. MF increased with infant age. There was no significant association between any of the sociodemographic variables and MF practices. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between increased parity and MF. There was also a significant association between changes in infant- feeding practices after receiving the child support grant at 10 - 14 weeks.
Conclusion. The high proportion of mothers who mixed-fed indicates that it is still the norm, as in other SA contexts. Therefore, strengthened breastfeeding education regarding appropriate infant-feeding choices in the promotion of infant development and survival for the short and long term should be emphasised.
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Soled D, Keim SA, Rapoport E, Rosen L, Adesman A. Breastfeeding Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Preschool Children. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2021; 42:9-15. [PMID: 33347037 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding has been associated with a lower risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, most studies examining this association have focused on small samples outside the United States or were likely subject to substantial residual confounding. Our objectives were to investigate, in a nationally representative sample of preschool children in the United States, the associations between ADHD and both age of breastfeeding cessation and age of formula introduction, as well as associations between ADHD and exclusive breastfeeding duration. METHODS Analysis of data from children aged 3 to 5 years in the 2011/12 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 12,793). Logistic regressions were used to model current medical diagnosis of preschool ADHD as a function of breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding exclusivity, and the timing of formula introduction with adjustment for 12 potential confounders using propensity scores, including sex, age, race, household income, prematurity, insurance, and medical home. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, exclusive breastfeeding for at least 6 months was associated with substantially reduced odds of ADHD (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR] = 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.99). Breastfeeding duration was also associated with ADHD, with 8% reduced odds of ADHD for each additional month of breastfeeding (aPOR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99). The results for exclusive breastfeeding duration were similar, but the confidence interval included the null (aPOR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-1.00). The age of formula introduction was not associated with ADHD (aPOR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.81-1.05). CONCLUSION In a nationally representative sample of preschool children, breastfeeding was associated with a lower prevalence of ADHD. These findings provide evidence in support of the neurodevelopmental benefits of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Soled
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, NY
| | - Sarah A Keim
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Eli Rapoport
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, NY
| | | | - Andrew Adesman
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Lake Success, NY
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
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Abstract
We aimed to assess psychiatric risk in children after admission to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and its association with greater psychiatric morbidity. We examined 130 children aged 6 to 13 years in a cross-sectional study divided into two groups: 65 children discharged from PICU and another 65 from general wards. The PICU group scored worse on all measured scales of psychiatric morbidities. The child-specific assessment methods included the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scale as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and Impact of Event Scale Revised for PTSD; Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale for anxiety; and Birleson Depression Scale for depression. The PICU group had significantly higher frequencies of PTSD compared with the general ward group (84.6% vs. 6.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). Hence, PICU survivors have higher risk of psychiatric morbidities such as PTSD, anxiety, and depression compared with general ward patients.
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Vazquez CE, Cubbin C. Associations between breastfeeding duration and overweight/obese among children aged 5-10: a focus on racial/ethnic disparities in California. AIMS Public Health 2020; 6:355-369. [PMID: 31909059 PMCID: PMC6940568 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2019.4.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity and research on racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding both show inconsistencies. The current study examines: 1) whether immigrant Hispanic women have higher rates of breastfeeding compared to non-Hispanic (three separate groups: African-American, Asian/Pacific Islander, and White) and U.S.-born Hispanic women; 2) whether children who were breastfed are less likely to be overweight/obese compared to children who were not breastfed; and 3) whether associations between breastfeeding and weight status vary by race/ethnicity/nativity. The study builds on prior literature using representative data from the Geographic Research On Wellbeing study (GROW, 2012–2013) and focusing on ages 5–10 years, an age group that has not been well studied (N = 2675 mother/child dyads). Logistic regression was used to investigate the odds of child obesity (≥95th%) and child overweight (≥85th%) in a series of models: unadjusted (each variable individually), demographic (child's sex, child's age, mother's age, mother's race/ethnicity, and mother's marital status), socioeconomic status (mother's education and family income), and full model (mother's BMI); with breastfeeding included in all models. Interactions between race/ethnicity and breastfeeding duration were also examined. African-American (9.54%) and white (32.8%) women had the lowest and highest rates of ever breastfeeding, respectively. White women breastfed the longest (M = 10.52 months, SE = 0.028) and U.S.-born Hispanic women breastfed the shortest (M = 7.05 months, SE = 0.41), on average. Children of African-American and U.S.-born Hispanic mothers had higher odds of being overweight/obese (74–75%) compared with children of white mothers. No associations were found between breastfeeding duration and child's weight status in adjusted models, nor was there a significant interaction between mother's race/ethnicity and breastfeeding duration on child's weight status; however, mother's own weight status was a significant driver of child's weight status and explained the racial/ethnic disparities. These results provide evidence in favor of there being no association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Vazquez
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Cubbin
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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van Schaik P, Peng Y, Ojelabi A, Ling J. Explainable statistical learning in public health for policy development: the case of real-world suicide data. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:152. [PMID: 31315579 PMCID: PMC6636096 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the availability of publicly available data related to public health has significantly increased. These data have substantial potential to develop public health policy; however, this requires meaningful and insightful analysis. Our aim is to demonstrate how data analysis techniques can be used to address the issues of data reduction, prediction and explanation using online available public health data, in order to provide a sound basis for informing public health policy. METHODS Observational suicide prevention data were analysed from an existing online United Kingdom national public health database. Multi-collinearity analysis and principal-component analysis were used to reduce correlated data, followed by regression analyses for prediction and explanation of suicide. RESULTS Multi-collinearity analysis was effective in reducing the indicator set of predictors by 30% and principal component analysis further reduced the set by 86%. Regression for prediction identified four significant indicator predictors of suicide behaviour (emergency hospital admissions for intentional self-harm, children leaving care, statutory homelessness and self-reported well-being/low happiness) and two main component predictors (relatedness dysfunction, and behavioural problems and mental illness). Regression for explanation identified significant moderation of a well-being predictor (low happiness) of suicide behaviour by a social factor (living alone), thereby supporting existing theory and providing insight beyond the results of regression for prediction. Two independent predictors capturing relatedness needs in social care service delivery were also identified. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the effectiveness of regression techniques in the analysis of online public health data. Regression analysis for prediction and explanation can both be appropriate for public health data analysis for a better understanding of public health outcomes. It is therefore essential to clarify the aim of the analysis (prediction accuracy or theory development) as a basis for choosing the most appropriate model. We apply these techniques to the analysis of suicide data; however, we argue that the analysis presented in this study should be applied to datasets across public health in order to improve the quality of health policy recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul van Schaik
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law, Teesside University, Borough Road, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA UK
| | - Yonghong Peng
- The University of Sunderland, St Peters Campus, St Peters Way, Sunderland, SR6 0DD UK
| | - Adedokun Ojelabi
- The University of Sunderland, St Peters Campus, St Peters Way, Sunderland, SR6 0DD UK
| | - Jonathan Ling
- The University of Sunderland, St Peters Campus, St Peters Way, Sunderland, SR6 0DD UK
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Addicks SH, McNeil DW. Randomized Controlled Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Support Breastfeeding Among Appalachian Women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2019; 48:418-432. [PMID: 31181186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a single session of prenatal motivational interviewing (MI) to enhance breastfeeding outcomes. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial with two groups (MI and psychoeducation) with repeated measures: preintervention, postintervention, and at 1 month postpartum. SETTING The intervention was conducted at a university-associated clinic, community locations, and participants' homes. Postpartum follow-up was conducted by telephone. PARTICIPANTS A total of 81 women with low-risk pregnancies enrolled at 28 to 39 weeks gestation who lived in Appalachia. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to MI or psychoeducation on infant development. Pre- and postintervention outcome measures included intention to breastfeed, confidence in and importance of breastfeeding plan, and breastfeeding attitudes. At 1 month postpartum, participants completed a telephone interview to assess actual breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and plans to continue breastfeeding. RESULTS At 1 month postpartum, women in the MI group were more likely to report any current breastfeeding than women in the psychoeducation group, regardless of parity, χ2(1, N = 79) = 4.30, p = .040, Φ = .233. At the postintervention time point, the MI intervention had a significant effect on improving attitudes about breastfeeding among primiparous women only (p < .05). CONCLUSION One session of MI was effective to promote breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum and to enhance positive attitudes toward breastfeeding among primiparous women in Appalachia.
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Kjaer TW, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Medrano R, Elwan D, Mehta K, Christensen VB, Wojcicki JM. Higher Birthweight and Maternal Pre-pregnancy BMI Persist with Obesity Association at Age 9 in High Risk Latino Children. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 21:89-97. [PMID: 29397484 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is increasing especially in Latinos and early intervention is essential to prevent later obesity complications. Latino children (n = 201) recruited at two San Francisco hospitals were assessed at birth including infant anthropometrics and feeding practices and followed to age 9 with annual anthropometric assessments. We evaluated the relationship between perinatal risk factors and obesity at age 9 and chronic obesity (obesity at both 5 and 9 years). Higher birthweight [odds ratio (OR) 2.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-5.81] and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.18) were associated with increased risk for obesity at 9 years. Higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20) was associated with chronic obesity. Additionally, prenatal depression symptoms were protective (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.94) against chronic obesity. We found no association between maternal age and education, exclusive breastfeeding at 4-6 weeks, rapid infant weight gain, and obesity or chronic obesity. Perinatal risk factors for obesity including higher birthweight and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI persisted until age 9, whereas, other variables significant at age 5 in our cohort and other populations including exclusive breastfeeding and rapid infant weight gain were no longer associated with increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thora Wesenberg Kjaer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rosalinda Medrano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Deena Elwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kala Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vibeke Brix Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janet M Wojcicki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Almeida CRD, Coutinho ESF, Silva DA, Oliveira ERAD, Bloch KV, Viana MC. Exposição ao aleitamento materno e transtornos mentais comuns na adolescência. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2019; 35:e00093718. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00093718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da exposição e do tempo de exposição ao aleitamento materno na ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Este trabalho analisou dados do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), avaliando aqueles que tiveram o questionário referente ao aleitamento materno respondido pelos pais ou responsáveis. A presença de TMC foi identificada pelo General Health Questionnaire, versão 12 itens (GHQ-12), considerando-se dois pontos de corte (escores ≥ 3 e ≥ 5). As associações foram testadas em análises bivariadas e por meio de modelos de regressão logística múltipla, com ajustes por variáveis potenciais de confusão. Dentre os 41.723 adolescentes avaliados, a maioria foi composta por estudantes do sexo feminino (54,6%), que tinham idades entre 12 e 15 anos (71%), estudavam em escolas públicas (83,1%), residiam na Região Sudeste (51,9%) e eram das classes econômicas B (53,8%) e C (34,1%). Cerca de metade das mães dos adolescentes não tinha o ensino médio completo (51,7%). O grupo de adolescentes com mais de seis meses de aleitamento materno (51,8%) apresentou uma menor prevalência de TMC para os dois pontos de corte do GHQ-12 avaliados, quando comparado com o grupo que não recebeu aleitamento materno ou que o recebeu por período ≤ 1 mês (RI = 0,82; IC95%:0,69-0,97 e RI = 0,74; IC95%: 0,59-0,91 para 3 e 5 pontos, respectivamente). O aleitamento materno prolongado parece desempenhar um papel protetor para a ocorrência de TMC na adolescência.
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Mohamad M, Loy SL, Lim PY, Wang Y, Soo KL, Mohamed HJJ. Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Adiponectin: The Association with Infant Adiposity Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1250. [PMID: 29895806 PMCID: PMC6025015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in Malaysia. Metabolic changes during pregnancy are critical to the development of infant adiposity, due to imbalanced adipokines production. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association of maternal serum and breast milk adipokines with infant adiposity development. The study was conducted from April 2010 until December 2012. A total of 155 healthy pregnant mothers aged 19 to 40 years were recruited during the first and second trimester in Kelantan, Malaysia. Data consisted of maternal sociodemographic details, anthropometry and clinical biochemistry analysis; and the infant’s anthropometry and feeding patterns. Maternal fasting serum and breast milk samples were analysed for adiponectin and leptin levels. Data collection was performed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and continued with follow-up visits at birth, two, six, and 12 months postpartum. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed to examine the associations between maternal serum and breast milk adiponectin and leptin and infant adiposity development. MLR models showed that, in the first year, as maternal serum and breast milk adiponectin increased, infant weight, BMI-for-age Z scores and abdominal circumference significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Maternal serum and/or breast milk adiponectin was associated with first-year infant adiposity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marhazlina Mohamad
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21300, Malaysia.
| | - See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kah Leng Soo
- Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
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Alghamdi S, Horodynski M, Stommel M. Racial and ethnic differences in breastfeeding, maternal knowledge, and self-efficacy among low-income mothers. Appl Nurs Res 2017; 37:24-27. [PMID: 28985916 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine racial and ethnic differences in the propensity to engage in breastfeeding, maternal knowledge, and self-efficacy in infant feeding among three groups of low-income mothers: non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH African American, and Hispanic. BACKGROUND While racial and ethnic differences in infant feeding practices are substantial, these differences have not been broadly examined in relation to breastfeeding, maternal knowledge, and self-efficacy in infant feeding among low-income mothers. METHODS This secondary analysis used baseline data from a randomized clinical trial with a sample of 540 low-income, mother-infant dyads from Michigan and Colorado. All data were collected when infants were approximately one month old via self-report questionnaires. RESULTS After adjusting for mothers' age, education, marital and working status, the odds of engaging in any form of breastfeeding among Hispanic mothers remained significantly higher than among NH African-American mothers (OR=2.5, 95% CI:1.59-3.96) and NH White mothers (OR=1.7, 95% CI:1.08-2.81). However, Hispanic mothers had significantly lower maternal knowledge and self-efficacy in infant feeding than the other two groups. No significant correlations were found between maternal knowledge, self-efficacy in infant feeding, and the propensity to breastfeed. CONCLUSIONS Racial and ethnic variations were evident in the propensity to breastfeed, maternal knowledge, and self-efficacy in infant feeding suggesting the importance of tailoring breastfeeding programs to improve breastfeeding, and associated positive health outcomes. Further investigation is needed to find a better way to address breastfeeding disparity in relation to race and ethnicity, maternal knowledge, and self-efficacy in infant feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmah Alghamdi
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; College of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Manfred Stommel
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Does breast-feeding reduce offspring junk food consumption during childhood? Examinations by socio-economic status and race/ethnicity. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:1441-1451. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016003517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether breast-feeding duration and socio-economic status (SES) interact to predict junk food consumption among offspring and whether the interaction differs across racial/ethnic groups.DesignSurvey research using a longitudinal panel design. Hierarchical linear regression was used to analyse the data.SettingIn-home interviews with the child’s parents over a 5-year period across the USA.SubjectsApproximately 10 000 American children from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B).ResultsThe findings revealed that longer breast-feeding durations correspond to lower levels of junk food consumption, but that this relationship emerges consistently only among low-SES blacks.ConclusionsEfforts to promote breast-feeding among low-SES black women may have the added benefit of reducing their children’s junk food intake, and may thereby promote their general health and well-being. Future research should seek to explore the mechanisms by which breast-feeding might benefit the dietary habits of low-SES black children.
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Rogers SL, Blissett J. Breastfeeding duration and its relation to weight gain, eating behaviours and positive maternal feeding practices in infancy. Appetite 2017; 108:399-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Saffari M, Pakpour AH, Chen H. Factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among Iranian mothers: A longitudinal population-based study. Health Promot Perspect 2016; 7:34-41. [PMID: 28058240 PMCID: PMC5209648 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2017.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) contributes to the health and survival of the newborns. Many factors influence the EBF behavior. This study aimed to identify the determinant factors in order to improve the practice of EBF among Iranian mothers. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out in 1445 mothers with newborns in Qazvin city, Iran (September 2015-March 2016). Demographic variables as well as the constructs of theory of planned behavior (TBP) were measured by questionnaires. Bivariate analysis using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests with analysis of variance were used to investigate the associations among the variables. Both hierarchal multiple regression and logistic regression were applied to identify potential determinative factors for the EBF. Results: Nearly, 80% (CI: 77.97-82.63%) of the participants had the intention of EBF. All TPB constructs, moral norms, and self-identity were significantly correlated with each other (r: 0.09- 0.40, P < 0.01). Some demographic variables such as age, income, employment and primiparity were also correlated with the EBF (r: 0.11-0.15, P < 0.05). The constructs of the TPB were able to predict the EBF behavior, which account for 49% of the variance in the predicting factors (df = 8, F = 7.70). The self-identity and moral norms accounted for an additional 15% of the variance (df = 10, F = 3.16). Younger mothers with lower socio-economic status were at higher risk of EBF cessation. The intention has a greater impact on the initiation of EBF than perceived behavioral control (PBC) but not for the maintenance of EBF (OR, 2.88 [CI: 2.38-3.48] & 1.13 [CI:1.03- 1.23] vs. OR, 1.27 [CI:1.15-1.39] & 2.66 [CI: 2.02-3.49]). Conclusion: The interventions to promote knowledge, attitude and behavioral control towards the EBF should be considered especially in the young mothers with low socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDH), Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, NSW Australia
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Loret de Mola C, Horta BL, Gonçalves H, Quevedo LDA, Pinheiro R, Gigante DP, Dos Santos Motta JV, Barros FC. Breastfeeding and mental health in adulthood: A birth cohort study in Brazil. J Affect Disord 2016; 202:115-9. [PMID: 27261841 PMCID: PMC4957542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is negatively associate with behavioral and internalization problems, psychological stress, and depressive/anxiety symptoms. However, studies evaluating specific mental health disorders are scarce. We aimed to assess the association between breastfeeding and mental health outcomes in young adults. METHODS In 1982, hospital deliveries in Pelotas (Southern Brazil) were identified; liveborns were examined and their mothers interviewed (n=5914). Information on breastfeeding was collected in early childhood. In 2012-13, at 30 years of age, we used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for the diagnosis of major depression (MD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD). In addition, we used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Self-reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20), to evaluate depressive symptoms severity and common mental disorders (CMD), respectively. We used multivariable regression models to evaluate the association between breastfeeding and mental health outcomes. RESULTS We evaluated 3657 individuals. Prevalence of CMD, MD, GAD and SAD was 24.3%, 7.9%, 12.7% and 3.6%, respectively. In multivariable models the odds of having a more severe case of depression (BDI-II) was smaller among those breastfed for 6 or more months (OR=0.69 95%CI [0.53-0.89]). We observed a similar pattern for MD and CMD, however, confidence intervals included the reference. LIMITATIONS We had no information on home environment characteristics during childhood. Lack of power and a small effect size could explain why we did not detect an association between breastfeeding and MD. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding reduced the odds of having more severe depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Loret de Mola
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Nursing Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil.
| | | | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Avila Quevedo
- Health and Behavior Postgraduate Program, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinheiro
- Health and Behavior Postgraduate Program, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína Vieira Dos Santos Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Health and Behavior Postgraduate Program, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Health and Behavior Postgraduate Program, Universidade Católica de Pelotas - UCPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Breastfeeding duration and offspring conduct problems: The moderating role of genetic risk. Soc Sci Med 2016; 166:128-136. [PMID: 27551827 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A sizable body of research has examined associations between breastfeeding and various facets of offspring development, including childhood behavioral problems. Notwithstanding the number of studies on the topic, breastfeeding has not consistently been linked to child misbehaviors. Moreover, empirical examinations of whether breastfeeding is differentially predictive of conduct problems among individuals with varying degrees of genetic risk are lacking. OBJECTIVE The present study examines whether a short duration of breastfeeding and genetic risk interact to predict conduct problems during childhood. METHODS A genetically informative design is employed to examine a subsample of twins from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study: Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), a nationally representative sample of American children. RESULTS The findings suggest that a shorter duration of breastfeeding only enhances the risk of offspring conduct problems among children who possess high levels of genetic risk. Conversely, longer breastfeeding durations were found to protect against childhood behavioral problems when genetic risk was high. CONCLUSIONS Indicators of genetic risk may help to distinguish individuals whose behavioral development is most sensitive to the duration of breastfeeding. Future research should seek to replicate and extend these findings by considering genetic factors as potential markers of differential susceptibility to breastfeeding duration.
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