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Womack SR, Beam CR, Giangrande EJ, Tong X, Scharf RJ, Finkel D, Davis DW, Turkheimer E. Co-recovery of physical size and cognitive ability from infancy to adolescence: A twin study. Child Dev 2024; 95:1367-1383. [PMID: 38303087 PMCID: PMC11223985 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study tested phenotypic and biometric associations between physical and cognitive catch-up growth in a community sample of twins (n = 1285, 51.8% female, 89.3% White). Height and weight were measured at up to 17 time points between birth and 15 years, and cognitive ability was assessed at up to 16 time points between 3 months and 15 years. Weight and length at birth were positively associated with cognitive abilities in infancy and adolescence (r's = .16-.51). More rapid weight catch-up growth was associated with slower, steadier cognitive catch-up growth. Shared and nonshared environmental factors accounted for positive associations between physical size at birth and cognitive outcomes. Findings highlight the role of prenatal environmental experiences in physical and cognitive co-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Womack
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher R. Beam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Evan J. Giangrande
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Analytic & Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Psychiatric & Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Scharf
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Deborah Finkel
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California
- Institute for Gerontology, Jönköping University
| | - Deborah W. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Norton Children’s Research Institute affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Eric Turkheimer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Wang S, Wang Y, Wan Y, Su P, Tao F, Sun Y. Modifiable factors associated with cognitive performance in Chinese adolescents: a national environment-wide association study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1047-1056. [PMID: 37204501 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence exists about the candidate factors of childhood cognitive performance, but mainly limited to single-exposure studies. We sought to systematically and simultaneously identify and validate a wide range of potential modifiable factors for childhood cognitive performance. We used data from five waves of data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS-2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018). Our analytical sample was restricted to those children aged 2-5 at baseline with valid exposure information. A total of 80 modifiable factors were identified. Childhood cognitive performance was assessed using vocabulary and mathematics test at wave 5. We used an environment-wide association study (EnWAS) to screen all exposure-outcome associations independently and used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) variable selection algorithm to identify factors associated with cognitive performance. Multivariable linear model was then used to evaluate causal relationships between identified factors and cognitive performance. Of the 1305 participants included in the study (mean ± SD, 3.5 ± 1.1 years age at baseline, 45.1% girls). Eight factors were retained in the LASSO regression analysis. Six factors across community characteristics (percentage of poverty in the community; percentage of children in the community), household characteristics (family size), child health and behaviors (mobile internet access), parenting behaviors and cognitive enrichment (parental involvement in child' s education), and parental wellbeing (paternal happiness) domains were significantly associated with childhood cognition. Using a three-stage approach, this study validates several actionable targets for improving childhood cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Section of Child Health, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Dworak EM, Revelle W, Condon DM. Looking for Flynn effects in a recent online U.S. adult sample: Examining shifts within the SAPA Project. INTELLIGENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Wongupparaj P, Wongupparaj R, Morris RG, Kumari V. Seventy years, 1000 samples, and 300,000 SPM scores: A new meta-analysis of Flynn effect patterns. INTELLIGENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Wänström L, O’Keefe P, Clouston SAP, Mann FD, Muniz-Terrera G, Voll S, Zhang Y, Hofer SM, Rodgers JL. It Runs in the Family: Testing for Longitudinal Family Flynn Effects. J Intell 2023; 11:50. [PMID: 36976143 PMCID: PMC10057072 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Flynn effect refers to increases over time in measured (particularly fluid) intelligence of approximately 3 IQ points per decade. We define the Flynn effect at the family level, using longitudinal data and two new family-level cohort definitions. Multilevel growth curve analyses of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data showed that children in families with later-born mothers had higher average PIAT math scores, and lower average reading comprehension scores and growth, in young and middle childhood. Children in families where the first child was born later had higher average PIAT math, reading recognition, and reading comprehension scores, as well as larger developmental growth. The latter family-level Flynn effects were of higher magnitudes than the usual individual-level Flynn effect found in previous studies. Our results, showing family level-intercept and slope Flynn effects for both maternal birthyear and first child birthyear, have implications for research aiming to explain the Flynn effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wänström
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrick O’Keefe
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sean A. P. Clouston
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Frank D. Mann
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (OUHCOM), Dublin, OH 43016, USA
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stacey Voll
- Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Scott M. Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Institute of Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8N 1V8, Canada
| | - Joseph L. Rodgers
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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