A qualitative study of dental professionals' and patients' knowledge and perceptions of the impact of periodontal disease on systemic health and quality of life

The oral and systemic health impact profile for periodontal disease (OSHIP-Perio)-Part 1: development and validation

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to develop and validate the Oral and Systemic Health Impact Profile for Periodontal Disease (OSHIP-Perio), a disease-specific instrument for assessing the impact of periodontal disease on both general and oral health-related quality of life.

METHODS

A pool of 58 items, developed from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) and data generated through semi-structured patient interviews, was tested on 80 case subjects with periodontal disease and 80 control subjects. The dimensionality of the preliminary measure was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Rasch analysis was then performed on the primary dimension using the Winsteps software (Version 5.1.4.0) to render the final items for the OSHIP-Perio. The reliability and validity of the final OSHIP-Perio were subsequently determined.

RESULTS

Using an EFA factor loading >0.50, the primary dimension comprised 18 items. Using Rasch analysis, four items were subsequently excluded. The final OSHIP-Perio with 14 items showed excellent test-retest reliability (overall intraclass correlation coefficient index = 0.99) and internal consistency (overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.96). It also exhibited good discriminant validity when case and control groups were compared (p < 0.001). It showed very strong correlations (rho coefficients >0.90) with the OHIP-5, OHIP-14 and OHIP-49, exhibiting good concurrent validity. It demonstrated a moderate correlation (rho coefficient = 0.60) with the global health rating, exhibiting a moderate convergent validity.

CONCLUSIONS

The 14-item OSHIP-Perio exhibited good psychometric properties comparable to the OHIP-5, OHIP-14 and OHIP-49 for evaluating the impact of periodontal disease on quality of life.

Assessing oral health and the minimally important differences in oral health-related quality of life of non-diabetic and diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Non-diabetics and diabetics might have different oral health problems and impacts on their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Comparison of oral health status and coping strategies between these patients, and evaluation of factors associated with OHRQoL might facilitate better treatment planning for improved patient-centred outcome.

METHODS

One hundred and eleven non-diabetics and 107 diabetics attending a public hospital were clinically examined and evaluated for coping strategies (abbreviated coping orientation to problems experienced) and OHRQoL [short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14S)]. Factors associated with OHRQoL were analysed through correlation/partial correlation. Minimally important differences (MID) of OHIP-14S were calculated to confirm associations between attachment loss, caries, and tooth loss with OHRQoL.

RESULTS

Non-diabetics had worse periodontal status. Diabetics had more missing teeth. Non-diabetics and diabetics employed maladaptive coping to manage oral health problems. Overall, non-diabetics reported worse OHRQoL. Determination of MID showed that non-diabetics with high-severe attachment loss and <20 teeth experienced poorer OHRQoL. Diabetics with caries, high-severe attachment loss, and <25 teeth experienced poorer OHRQoL.

CONCLUSION

Different factors were associated with OHRQoL of non-diabetics and diabetics. Delivery of treatment aimed at maintaining teeth in a periodontally healthy and caries free state, and provision of more chewing units might help improve OHRQoL of diabetics. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.

Understanding the feelings and experiences of patients with periodontal disease: a qualitative meta-synthesis

Background

Patients’ experiences, feelings, and perceptions play key roles in quality of life and dental care quality, but they are poorly understood in periodontal disease. Therefore, this meta-synthesis aimed to gain deep insights into the feelings, experiences, and perceptions of people living with periodontal disease.

Methods

Electronic database searches in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Open AIRE were conducted up to December 2021 (updated in June 2022). The JBI Critical Appraisal Tool was used for quality assessment. Then reviewers integrated findings from qualitative studies with a thematic synthesis approach.

Results

A total of 567 studies were identified, of which eight involving 131 participants met the inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted between 2008 and 2021within Europe (Sweden and UK), Asia (Korea, Indonesia, and Singapore), and Oceania (New Zealand). Three analytical themes with nine descriptive themes emerged from the qualitative data. The themes were as follows: (1) “pressure (physical, psychosocial, and financial),” (2) “coping and adaptation (avoidance of the status quo, trying to understand it, and taking responsibility for their own),” (3) “reflection and evaluation (exploring the causes, personal control, and calling for better dental care).”

Conclusions

This review provides insights into how patients perceive and cope with periodontal disease. The findings highlighted patient-centered care in PD, and based on the findings, it is possible to provide more precise and efficient interventions for better patient compliance and treatment outcomes.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12955-022-02042-5.