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Raza R, Ullah A, Haider N, Krishin J, Shah M, Khan FU, Abdullah, Hansen T, Raza SI, Ahmad W, Basit S. Exome sequencing reveals the first intragenic deletion in ABCA5 underlying autosomal recessive hypertrichosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2022; 47:1137-1143. [PMID: 35150007 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hypertrichosis (HH) is characterized by excessive hair growth on various body areas, which is independent of the individual's age. This rare hair disorder has been classified by its origin (genetic or acquired), age of onset, breadth of hair distribution (universal or localized) and the affected body areas. HH is often linked to several additional congenital abnormalities involving teeth, heart and bones. Human HH is associated with heterozygous genomic duplications and deletions in the chromosomal region 17q24.2-q24.3, containing genes such as ABCA5, ABCA6, ABCA10 and MAP2K6. Recently, a homozygous splice-site variant in ABCA5 has been reported to cause autosomal recessive congenital generalized hypertrichosis terminalis (CGHT; OMIM 135400). AIM To investigate the clinical and genetic basis of autosomal recessive hypertrichosis in a large consanguineous Pakistani family. METHODS In the present study, we characterized a family of Pakistani origin segregating CGHT in an autosomal recessive pattern, using whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We identified a novel 2-bp intragenic deletion [NM_172232.4(ABCA5);c.977_978delAT] causing a frameshift variant (p.His326ArgfsTer5) in ABCA5. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first intragenic deletion in ABCA5 underlying CGHT. The findings further validate the involvement of ABCA5 in hair development. The study will facilitate genetic counselling of families carrying CGHT-related features in Pakistani and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Raza
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Pediatrics Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Nighat Haider
- Department of Pediatrics Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Jai Krishin
- Department of Pediatrics Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muqadar Shah
- Department of Pediatrics Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fati Ullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Syed Irfan Raza
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan.,HBS Medical and Dental College Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia
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2
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Egu DT, Schmitt T, Waschke J. Mechanisms Causing Acantholysis in Pemphigus-Lessons from Human Skin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884067. [PMID: 35720332 PMCID: PMC9205406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous skin disease caused primarily by autoantibodies (PV-IgG) against the desmosomal adhesion proteins desmoglein (Dsg)1 and Dsg3. PV patient lesions are characterized by flaccid blisters and ultrastructurally by defined hallmarks including a reduction in desmosome number and size, formation of split desmosomes, as well as uncoupling of keratin filaments from desmosomes. The pathophysiology underlying the disease is known to involve several intracellular signaling pathways downstream of PV-IgG binding. Here, we summarize our studies in which we used transmission electron microscopy to characterize the roles of signaling pathways in the pathogenic effects of PV-IgG on desmosome ultrastructure in a human ex vivo skin model. Blister scores revealed inhibition of p38MAPK, ERK and PLC/Ca2+ to be protective in human epidermis. In contrast, inhibition of Src and PKC, which were shown to be protective in cell cultures and murine models, was not effective for human skin explants. The ultrastructural analysis revealed that for preventing skin blistering at least desmosome number (as modulated by ERK) or keratin filament insertion (as modulated by PLC/Ca2+) need to be ameliorated. Other pathways such as p38MAPK regulate desmosome number, size, and keratin insertion indicating that they control desmosome assembly and disassembly on different levels. Taken together, studies in human skin delineate target mechanisms for the treatment of pemphigus patients. In addition, ultrastructural analysis supports defining the specific role of a given signaling molecule in desmosome turnover at ultrastructural level.
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3
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Zhou C, Wang P, Yang D, Liao W, Guo Q, Li J, Wen G, Zheng S, Zhang X, Wang R, Zhang J. Autosomal recessive monilethrix: Novel variants of the DSG4 gene in three Chinese families. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1889. [PMID: 35146972 PMCID: PMC9000931 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monilethrix is a rare hereditary hair loss disorder characterized by hair fragility and beaded hair shaft alterations. Monilethrix is classically inherited in an autosomal dominant (AD) fashion caused by variants in the hair keratin genes KRT81, KRT83, or KRT86. Interestingly, an autosomal recessive (AR) form of monilethrix with variants in DSG4 gene has also been reported in recent years. Objective To identify causative variants in Chinese patients with autosomal recessive (AR) form of monilethrix. Methods Three families with AR form of monilethrix were observed and sequence variant analysis of DSG4 was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real‐time PCR, and DNA sequencing. Results All the patients had sparse, fragile hair involving the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes with keratotic follicular papules and pruritus since birth. Atypical‐beaded hairs and broken hair shaft fragments were identified in all the patients under dermoscopy. Heterozygous variants c.837del and c. 2389C > T, a homozygous splice site variant c.2355 + 1G > A, and a homozygous 48,644 bp large deletion variant g.31381440_31430084del in the DSG4 gene were identified and verified in the families. Conclusion This report provided further evidence for the phenotypic spectrum and clinical features of, and the expanded variant database of AR form of monilethrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial people's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingquan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangdong Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Zheng
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Peking University People's hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Müller L, Hatzfeld M, Keil R. Desmosomes as Signaling Hubs in the Regulation of Cell Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745670. [PMID: 34631720 PMCID: PMC8495202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions, which preserve tissue integrity during homeostatic and stress conditions. These functions rely on their unique structural properties, which enable them to respond to context-dependent signals and transmit them to change cell behavior. Desmosome composition and size vary depending on tissue specific expression and differentiation state. Their constituent proteins are highly regulated by posttranslational modifications that control their function in the desmosome itself and in addition regulate a multitude of desmosome-independent functions. This review will summarize our current knowledge how signaling pathways that control epithelial shape, polarity and function regulate desmosomes and how desmosomal proteins transduce these signals to modulate cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René Keil
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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5
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Nawal W, Ullah A, Ullah U, Farrakh K, Ahmad F, Khan H, Ahmad GS, Khan B, Ansar M, Kalsoom UE, Ahmad W. Loss of Function Variants in the XPC Causes Severe Xeroderma Pigmentosum in Three Large Consanguineous Families. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2021; 234:123-129. [PMID: 34544175 DOI: 10.1055/a-1552-3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare recessively inherited disorder that presents clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mutations in eight genes, of which seven are involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway have been reported to cause the XP. METHODS AND RESULTS Three large consanguineous families of Pakistani origin displaying typical clinical hallmarks of XP were evaluated at clinical and molecular level. Homozygosity mapping using microsatellite markers established linkage of the families to XPC gene on chromosome 3p25.1. Sanger sequencing of the XPC gene identified a novel homozygous single bp deletion [NM_004628.5; c.1934del; p.(Pro645Leufs*5)] and two previously reported mutations that included a nonsense [c.1243 C>T; p.(Arg415*)] and a splice acceptor site (c.2251-1 G>C), all segregating with the disease phenotypes in the families. CONCLUSION This report has extended the spectrum of mutations in the XPC gene and will also facilitate in diagnosis of XP and counselling of families inheriting it, which is the only inevitable tool for preventing the disease occurrence in future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warda Nawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kobenhavn, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Kanza Farrakh
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Women University Swabi Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Hammal Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umm-E- Kalsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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6
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Antoniali D, Westin AT, Cruz FAM, Simão JCL. Moniletrix of the scalp from almost normal aspect to total alopecia: variable intrafamilial expressiveness. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 96:569-573. [PMID: 34272078 PMCID: PMC8441526 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monilethrix is a rare defect of the hair shaft, with most cases showing an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and variable clinical expression. It is characterized by hypotrichosis secondary to hair fragility. The diagnosis is made through trichoscopy, detecting typical findings such as periodic narrowing at regular intervals, giving the hair the appearance of beads in a rosary. This article reports the case of six members of a family diagnosed with monilethrix with alopecia of varying degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Antoniali
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrezza Telles Westin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda André Martins Cruz
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Lopes Simão
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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7
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Lv H, Li M, Cheng R. Novel small-insertion mutation in the LIPH gene in a patient with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis. J Dermatol 2020; 47:1445-1449. [PMID: 32901930 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis (ARWH/H) is a rare form of congenital alopecia, which can be caused by mutations in lipase H (LIPH), lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6/P2RY5) or keratin 25 (KRT25) genes. We present a 32-year-old woman with typical clinical features of ARWH. Hair microscopy was performed to observe differences between the patient's hair and a normal sample. Next-generation sequencing was used to detect pathogenic mutations. Sanger sequencing was used to further confirm the mutations. Abnormal hair appearance was found by hair microscopy. A novel frame-shift mutation (NM_139248: c.686delinsGTAGAACCCAACCTGGCT: p.Asp229fs37X) and a reported mutation (NM_139248: exon6:c.T736A: p.C246S) in LIPH were identified in the patient. All reported mutations related to ARWH of various races were reviewed. Our study provides further evidence of the similarity of ARWH between the Chinese and Japanese population. A novel small-insertion mutation also expands the LIPH mutation spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Lv
- Department of Dermatology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Ahmed A, Almohanna H, Griggs J, Tosti A. Genetic Hair Disorders: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:421-448. [PMID: 31332722 PMCID: PMC6704196 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss in early childhood represents a broad differential diagnosis which can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for a physician. It is important to consider the diagnosis of a genetic hair disorder. Genetic hair disorders are a large group of inherited disorders, many of which are rare. Genetic hair abnormalities in children can be an isolated phenomenon or part of genetic syndromes. Hair changes may be a significant finding or even the initial presentation of a syndrome giving a clue to the diagnosis, such as Netherton syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. Detailed history including family history and physical examination of hair and other ectodermal structures such as nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands with the use of dermoscopic devices and biopsy all provide important clues to establish the correct diagnosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of genetic hair defects will allow for better comprehension of their treatment and prognosis. For example, in patients with an isolated hair defect, the main problem is aesthetic. In contrast, when the hair defect is associated with a syndrome, the prognosis will depend mainly on the associated condition. Treatment of many genetic hair disorders is focused on treating the primary cause and minimizing trauma to the hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hind Almohanna
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob Griggs
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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9
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Ullah A, Khalid M, Umair M, Khan SA, Bilal M, Khan S, Ahmad W. Novel sequence variants in the MKKS gene cause Bardet-Biedl syndrome with intra- and inter-familial variable phenotypes. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2018; 58:173-175. [PMID: 29232001 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Khalid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sher Alam Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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The Significance of Scalp Involvement in Pemphigus: A Literature Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6154397. [PMID: 29770335 PMCID: PMC5889856 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6154397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Scalp is a unique location for pemphigus because of the abundance of desmogleins localized in hair follicles. Scalp involvement is observed in up to 60% of patients in the course of pemphigus. The lesions may occasionally lead to alopecia. Unforced removal of anagen hairs in a pull test is a sign of high disease activity. Direct immunofluorescence of plucked hair bulbs is considered a reliable diagnostic method in patients with pemphigus. Follicular acantholysis is a characteristic histopathological feature of pemphigus lesions localized on the scalp. Trichoscopy may serve as a supplementary method in the diagnosis of pemphigus. This review summarizes the most recent data concerning scalp involvement in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus. A systematic literature search was conducted in three medical databases: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The analysis included literature data about desmoglein distribution in hair follicles, as well as information about clinical manifestations, histopathology, immunopathology, and trichoscopy of scalp lesions in pemphigus and their response to treatment.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Najor
- Department of Biology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48221
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12
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Ullah A, Gul A, Umair M, Irfanullah, Ahmad F, Aziz A, Wali A, Ahmad W. Homozygous sequence variants in the WNT10B gene underlie split hand/foot malformation. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:1-8. [PMID: 29384555 PMCID: PMC5901503 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Split-hand/split-foot malformation (SHFM), also known as ectrodactyly is a rare genetic disorder. It is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of limb malformations characterized by absence/hypoplasia and/or median cleft of hands and/or feet. To date, seven genes underlying SHFM have been identified. This study described four consanguineous families (A-D) segregating SHFM in an autosomal recessive manner. Linkage in the families was established to chromosome 12p11.1-q13.13 harboring WNT10B gene. Sequence analysis identified a novel homozygous nonsense variant (p.Gln154*) in exon 4 of the WNT10B gene in two families (A and B). In the other two families (C and D), a previously reported variant (c.300_306dupAGGGCGG; p.Leu103Argfs*53) was detected. This study further expands the spectrum of the sequence variants reported in the WNT10B gene, which result in the split hand/foot malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ajab Gul
- Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Computer Sciences and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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13
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Ullah A, Umair M, Muhammad D, Bilal M, Lee K, Leal SM, Ahmad W. A novel homozygous variant in BMPR1B underlies acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter-Thompson type. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:129-134. [PMID: 29322508 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acromesomelic dysplasia is genetically heterogeneous group of skeletal disorders characterized by short stature and acromelia and mesomelia of limbs. Acromesomelic dysplasia segregates in an autosomal recessive pattern and is caused by biallelic sequence variants in three genes (NPR2, GDF5, and BMPR1B). A consanguineous family of Pakistani origin segregating a subtype of acromesomelic dysplasia called Hunter-Thompson was clinically and genetically evaluated. Genotyping of microsatellite markers and linkage analysis revealed a 7.78 Mb homozygous region on chromosome 4q22.3, which harbors BMPR1B. Sequence analysis of the gene revealed a novel homozygous missense variant (c.1190T > G, p.Met397Arg) that segregates with the disease phenotype within the family and produced a Logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 3.9 with the disease phenotype. This study reports on the first familial case of acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter-Thompson type. It is also the first report of BMPR1B underlying the etiology of acromesomelic dysplasia Hunter-Thompson type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dost Muhammad
- Chandka Medical College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Ullah A, Umair M, E-Kalsoom U, Shahzad S, Basit S, Ahmad W. Exome sequencing revealed a novel nonsense variant in ALX3 gene underlying frontorhiny. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:97-100. [PMID: 29215096 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Frontorhiny is one of the two forms of mid-facial malformations characterized by ocular hypertelorism, wide and short nasal ridge, bifid nasal tip, broad columella, widely separated nares, long and wide philtrum and V-shaped hairline. Sometimes these phenotypes are associated with ptosis and midline dermoid cysts. Frontorhiny inherits in an autosomal recessive pattern. Sequence variants in the Aristaless-like homeobox 3 (ALX3) gene underlying frontorhiny have been reported previously. Here, in the present study, we have investigated four patients in a consanguineous family of Pakistani origin segregating frontorhiny in autosomal recessive manner. Genome scan using 250k Nsp1 array followed by exome and Sanger sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous nonsense variant (c.604C>T, p.Gln202*) in the ALX3 gene resulting in frontorhiny in the family. This is the first mutation in the ALX3 gene, underlying frontorhiny, in Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umm E-Kalsoom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Al Madinah, Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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15
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Ullah A, Hammid A, Umair M, Ahmad W. A Novel Heterozygous Intragenic Sequence Variant in DLX6 Probably Underlies First Case of Autosomal Dominant Split-Hand/Foot Malformation Type 1. Mol Syndromol 2016; 8:79-84. [PMID: 28611547 DOI: 10.1159/000453350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Split-hand and foot malformation (SHFM; MIM 183600) is a rare human genetic limb malformation. It is characterized by missing digital rays in the hands and feet. SHFMs vary in severity from mild abnormalities affecting a single limb to acute malformations involving all 4 limbs. It is inherited, as part of both a syndromic and nonsyndromic disorder, in an autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked patterns. So far, 9 loci of hand and foot malformation have been mapped on human chromosomes. The present study describes a family with 2 affected individuals segregating SHFM in an autosomal dominant fashion. Sanger sequencing of the genes involved in SHFM was performed to identify the disease-causing variant. Sequence analysis revealed the first heterozygous missense variant (c.632T>A, p.Val211Glu) in the distal-less homeobox 6 (DLX6) gene, located in chromosome 7q21, causing SHFM in the present family. This study supports the evidence of DLX6 as an SHFM-causing gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Anam Hammid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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16
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Singh G, Miteva M. Prognosis and Management of Congenital Hair Shaft Disorders with Fragility-Part I. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:473-80. [PMID: 27292719 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hair shaft disorders are characterized by congenital or acquired abnormalities of the hair shaft. The objective was to review the literature regarding the prognosis and treatment options of hair shaft disorders. We used keywords in the search engines PubMed and Medline to identify all publications in the English language related to the prognosis and management of hair shaft disorders. Data were extracted from 96 articles that met search criteria. Findings were limited to case reports and small case series, as no studies were found. Disorders that improve in childhood include pili torti, trichorrhexis invaginata, wooly hair, and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Others, such as trichorrhexis nodosa, monilethrix, pili annulati, and pili bifurcati improve with minoxidil. Oral retinoids have improved hair abnormalities in trichorrhexis invaginata and monilethrix. There is no specific treatment for congenital hair shaft abnormalities. Gentle hair care is the mainstay of care for hair shaft disorders associated with fragility. Practices for gentle care include no brushing, backcombing, chemical products, tight braids, heat exposure, or mechanical grooming. Any inherited or congenital disorder requires genetic counseling as part of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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17
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Shah K, Nasir A, Irfanullah, Shahzad S, Khan S, Ahmad W. A novel homozygous mutation disrupting the initiation codon in the SLURP1 gene underlies mal de Meleda in a consanguineous family. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:675-679. [PMID: 29226984 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mal de Meleda (MDM) is a palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and keratotic skin lesions. Patients with MDM can develop perioral erythema, keratotic and lichenoid plaques over the joints (including the elbows and knees), nail abnormalities, joint contractures and stiffness, brachydactyly, sclerodactyly, pseudoainhum, and malodorous maceration. MDM is associated with mutations in the SLURP1 gene. We report a consanguineous family in which MDM was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Genotyping using microsatellite markers established linkage in the family to the SLURP1 gene, which has been mapped previously to chromosome 8q24.3. Sequence analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation (c.2T>C, p.Met1Thr) in affected family members. Molecular docking studies using a ZDOCK server predicted disruption of binding of the mutant variant to its target α7-nAChR. This study further supports the previously reported findings that homozygous mutations in the SLURP1 gene cause MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Nasir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Shahzad
- Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - W Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Intragenic deletion mutation in the gene desmoglein 4 underlies autosomal recessive hypotrichosis in six consanguineous families. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Jan A, Basit S, Wakil SM, Ramzan K, Ahmad W. A novel homozygous variant in the dsp gene underlies the first case of non-syndromic form of alopecia. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:793-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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