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McCarthy RL, Gnanappiragasam D, Scorer M, Taylor M, O'Toole EA. Cathepsin-C mutation in an individual with phenotypic features of Haim-Munk syndrome: a case report. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1298-1300. [PMID: 37493199 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Haim–Munk syndrome and Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome are rare genodermatoses caused by mutations in CTSC, which encodes cathepsin C. Both syndromes cause palmoplantar keratoderma and are associated with periodontitis. We report a variant in CTSC that has previously been described in Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome but has not previously been reported in Haim–Munk syndrome. We suggest that Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome and Haim–Munk syndrome are a spectrum of diseases, caused by CTSC mutations, with significant overlap in their phenotypic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L McCarthy
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Scorer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Marisa Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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2
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Yu H, He X, Liu X, Zhang H, Shen Z, Shi Y, Liu X. A novel missense variant in cathepsin C gene leads to PLS in a Chinese patient: A case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1686. [PMID: 33949806 PMCID: PMC8372118 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papilon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS; OMIM 245000) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by aggressive periodontitis and palmoplantar keratoderma. The prevalence of PLS in the general population is one to four cases per million. Although the etiology and pathogenic mechanisms underlying PLS remain largely unclear, existing evidence shows loss-of-function mutations of the cathepsin C gene (CTSC; OMIM 602365) could cause PLS. Here we found a novel variant of the CTSC gene in a Chinese PLS family and predicted the effect of the variant on the physic-chemical characters and tertiary structure of the protein. METHODS The 1-7 coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of CTSC gene of the proband and her family were amplified and sequenced directly, and Chromas was used to read sequencing files. Furthermore, the PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, and Mutation Taster were utilized to predict the pathogenicity of the variant. Besides, the physic-chemical and structural characters of the protein were analyzed by ProtParam, ProtScale, and SWISS-MODEL. RESULTS Our study identified a novel homozygous variant c.763T>C (p.Cys255Arg) in exon 6 of the CTSC gene, and it was a likely pathogenic variant as predicted by PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, and Mutation Taster. Moreover, ProtParam and Protscale revealed the variant increased the isoelectric point and hydrophilicity of the protein, and the SWISS-MODEL analysis suggested the variant was located in a critical domain for protein activity. CONCLUSION Our study analyzed a Chinese family with PLS and identified a novel missense variant in the CTSC gene. Besides, this study retrospectively summarized 113 variants of CTSC in the world and highlighted the features of 27 CTSC variants in Chinese PLS patients. In addition, this study paid much particular attention to the relationship between CTSC variants and different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Jiangyou People's Hospital, Jiangyou, China
| | - Xun He
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Chengdu, China.,Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangqin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Houbin Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Shen
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Chengdu, China.,Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
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3
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Pap ÉM, Farkas K, Tóth L, Fábos B, Széll M, Németh G, Nagy N. Identification of putative genetic modifying factors that influence the development of Papillon-Lefévre or Haim-Munk syndrome phenotypes. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 45:555-559. [PMID: 31925812 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillon-Lefévre syndrome (PLS; OMIM 245000) and Haim-Munk syndrome (HMS; OMIM 245010), which are both characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and periodontitis, are phenotypic variants of the same disease caused by mutations of the cathepsin C (CTSC) gene. AIM To identify putative genetic modifying factors responsible for the differential development of the PLS or HMS phenotypes, we investigated two Hungarian patients with different phenotypic variants (PLS and HMS) but carrying the same homozygous nonsense CTSC mutation (c.748C/T; p.Arg250X). METHODS To gain insights into phenotype-modifying associations, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for both patients, and the results were compared to identify potentially relevant genetic modifying factors. RESULTS WES revealed two putative phenotype-modifying variants: (i) a missense mutation (rs34608771) of the SH2 domain containing 4A (SH2D4A) gene encoding an adaptor protein involved in intracellular signalling of cystatin F, a known inhibitor of the cathepsin protein, and (ii) a missense variant (rs55695858) of the odorant binding protein 2A (OBP2A) gene, influencing the function of the cathepsin protein through the glycosyltransferase 6 domain containing 1 (GLT6D1) protein. CONCLUSION Our study contributes to the accumulating evidence supporting the clinical importance of phenotype-modifying genetic factors, which have high potential to aid the elucidation of genotype-phenotype correlations and disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- É M Pap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Szeged, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Farkas
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Tóth
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - B Fábos
- Mór Kaposi Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - M Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - G Németh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Szeged, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - N Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Wei H, Wee LWY, Born B, Seang S, Koh MJA, Yee R, Lin G, Rafi'ee K, Mey S, Tan EC. Palmoplantar keratoderma, oral involvement, and homozygous CTSC mutation in two brothers from Cambodia. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:296-302. [PMID: 31846207 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Haim-Munk syndrome (HMS) and Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS) are phenotypic variants of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) with progressive early-onset periodontitis and dental caries. HMS and PLS have been associated with homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the lysosomal protease gene Cathepsin C (CTSC). There have been only a few documented cases of CTSC mutations in patients from South-East Asia. We report the clinical findings of two Cambodian brothers who presented with diffuse, demarcated PPK with transgrediens extending to the elbows and knees, as well as pachyonychia and dental caries. Arachnodactyly and periodontitis were also found in the older brother. Next-generation sequencing unveiled a homozygous missense variant in CTSC (NM_001814.5: c.1337AC: p.(Asp446Ala)) in both brothers. Both parents were heterozygous for the variant, while an unaffected older brother was homozygous for the wild-type allele. Our study adds to the spectrum of mutations and associated clinical presentations for this rare genodermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wei
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lynette W Y Wee
- Dermatology Service, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bori Born
- Department of Dermatology, Preah Kossamak Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokheng Seang
- Department of Dermatology, Preah Kossamak Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Mark J A Koh
- Dermatology Service, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ruixiang Yee
- Dental Service, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Grace Lin
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Khadijah Rafi'ee
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sithach Mey
- Department of Dermatology, Preah Kossamak Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ene-Choo Tan
- Research Laboratory, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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5
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Molitor A, Prud'homme T, Miao Z, Conrad S, Bloch-Zupan A, Pichot A, Hanauer A, Isidor B, Bahram S, Carapito R. Exome sequencing identifies a novel missense variant in CTSC causing nonsyndromic aggressive periodontitis. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:689-694. [PMID: 31068678 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin C (CatC) is a cysteine protease involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory pathways such as activation of cytotoxicity of various immune cells. Homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the CatC coding gene CTSC cause different conditions that have in common severe periodontitis. Periodontitis may occur as part of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS; OMIM#245000) or Haim-Munk syndrome (HMS; OMIM#245010), or may present as an isolated finding named aggressive periodontitis (AP1; OMIM#170650). AP1 generally affects young children and results in destruction of the periodontal support of the primary dentition. In the present study we report exome sequencing of a three generation consanguineous Turkish family with a recessive form of early-onset AP1. We identified a novel homozygous missense variant in exon 2 of CTSC (NM_148170, c.G302C, p.Trp101Ser) predicted to disrupt protein structure and to be disease causing. This is the first described CTSC variant specific to the nonsyndromic AP1 form. Given the broad phenotypic spectrum associated with CTSC variants, reporting this novel variant gives new insights on genotype/phenotype correlations and might improve diagnosis of patients with early-onset AP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Molitor
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tony Prud'homme
- Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Unité d'Investigation Clinique Odontologie (UIC), CSERD Nantes, CHU de Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 1246, MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, Nantes, France
| | - Zhichao Miao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CD10 1SD, UK.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Solène Conrad
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Angélique Pichot
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antoine Hanauer
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France. .,Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France. .,Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
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6
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Korkmaz B, Caughey GH, Chapple I, Gauthier F, Hirschfeld J, Jenne DE, Kettritz R, Lalmanach G, Lamort AS, Lauritzen C, Łȩgowska M, Lesner A, Marchand-Adam S, McKaig SJ, Moss C, Pedersen J, Roberts H, Schreiber A, Seren S, Thakker NS. Therapeutic targeting of cathepsin C: from pathophysiology to treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:202-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Guerra L, Castori M, Didona B, Castiglia D, Zambruno G. Hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas. Part II: syndromic palmoplantar keratodermas - Diagnostic algorithm and principles of therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:899-925. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - M. Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics; Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza-IRCCS; San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - B. Didona
- Rare Skin Disease Center; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - D. Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - G. Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area and Dermatology Unit; Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS; Rome Italy
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8
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Peacock ME, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Periodontal and other oral manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:866-888. [PMID: 27630012 PMCID: PMC5352551 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The list of immunodeficiency diseases grows each year as novel disorders are discovered, classified, and sometimes reclassified due to our ever-increasing knowledge of immune system function. Although the number of patients with secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) greatly exceeds those with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), the prevalence of both appears to be on the rise probably because of scientific breakthroughs that facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Primary immunodeficiencies in adults are not as rare as once thought. Globally, the main causes of secondary immunodeficiency are HIV infection and nutritional insufficiencies. Persons with acquired immune disorders such as AIDS caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are now living long and fulfilling lives as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Irrespective of whether the patient's immune-deficient state is a consequence of a genetic defect or is secondary in nature, dental and medical practitioners must be aware of the constant potential for infections and/or expressions of autoimmunity in these individuals. The purpose of this review was to study the most common conditions resulting from primary and secondary immunodeficiency states, how they are classified, and the detrimental manifestations of these disorders on the periodontal and oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Peacock
- Associate Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Roger M. Arce
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology; Chair, Department of Periodontics, Associate Dean for Research, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University
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9
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Zavašnik-Bergant T, Vidmar R, Sekirnik A, Fonović M, Salát J, Grunclová L, Kopáček P, Turk B. Salivary Tick Cystatin OmC2 Targets Lysosomal Cathepsins S and C in Human Dendritic Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:288. [PMID: 28713775 PMCID: PMC5492865 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure successful feeding tick saliva contains a number of inhibitory proteins that interfere with the host immune response and help to create a permissive environment for pathogen transmission. Among the potential targets of the salivary cystatins are two host cysteine proteases, cathepsin S, which is essential for antigen- and invariant chain-processing, and cathepsin C (dipeptidyl peptidase 1, DPP1), which plays a critical role in processing and activation of the granule serine proteases. Here, the effect of salivary cystatin OmC2 from Ornithodoros moubata was studied using differentiated MUTZ-3 cells as a model of immature dendritic cells of the host skin. Following internalization, cystatin OmC2 was initially found to inhibit the activity of several cysteine cathepsins, as indicated by the decreased rates of degradation of fluorogenic peptide substrates. To identify targets, affinity chromatography was used to isolate His-tagged cystatin OmC2 together with the bound proteins from MUTZ-3 cells. Cathepsins S and C were identified in these complexes by mass spectrometry and confirmed by immunoblotting. Furthermore, reduced increase in the surface expression of MHC II and CD86, which are associated with the maturation of dendritic cells, was observed. In contrast, human inhibitor cystatin C, which is normally expressed and secreted by dendritic cells, did not affect the expression of CD86. It is proposed that internalization of salivary cystatin OmC2 by the host dendritic cells targets cathepsins S and C, thereby affecting their maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Zavašnik-Bergant
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Vidmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Sekirnik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Fonović
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jiří Salát
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesČeské Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Lenka Grunclová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesČeské Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Petr Kopáček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesČeské Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan InstituteLjubljana, Slovenia.,Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of ProteinsLjubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Yuanjiao C, Chen-Jun L. [Gene mutational analyses of the cathepsin C gene in families with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 34:346-349. [PMID: 28317349 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the gene mutational characteristics of cathepsin C (CTSC) gene in a Chinese patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), then further confirm the genetic basis for the phenotype of PLS, and obtain genetic information that can be used as guide in the diagnosis and treatment of PLS. METHODS With their consent, peripheral blood samples were obtained from the proband and his family members (his parents and older sister) for genomic DNA extraction. The coding region and exon/intron boundaries of the CTSC gene were amplified and sequenced using poly-merase chain reaction and direct sequencing of DNA. RESULTS Compound heterozygous mutations of CTSC gene were iden-tified in the patient. The proband carries one heterozygous nonsense mutation c.754C>T in exon 5 and one heterozygous missense mutation c.1040A>G in exon 7. Both parents were heterozygous carriers without the clinical symptoms of PLS. None of the mutations were detected in the proband's sister. CONCLUSIONS The study proves that mutations of CTSC gene are responsible for the phenotype of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuanjiao
- Dept. of Stomatology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Li Chen-Jun
- Dept. of Stomatology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu 610017, China
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11
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Ketterer S, Gomez-Auli A, Hillebrand LE, Petrera A, Ketscher A, Reinheckel T. Inherited diseases caused by mutations in cathepsin protease genes. FEBS J 2017; 284:1437-1454. [PMID: 27926992 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes increasingly recognized as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in a variety of diseases. In those conditions, the cathepsins are mostly overexpressed, thereby driving the respective pathogenic processes. Although less known, there are also diseases with a genetic deficiency of cathepsins. In fact, nowadays 6 of the 15 human proteases called 'cathepsins' have been linked to inherited syndromes. However, only three of these syndromes are typical lysosomal storage diseases, while the others are apparently caused by defective cleavage of specific protein substrates. Here, we will provide an introduction on lysosomal cathepsins, followed by a brief description of the clinical symptoms of the various genetic diseases. For each disease, we focus on the known mutations of which many have been only recently identified by modern genome sequencing approaches. We further discuss the effect of the respective mutation on protease structure and activity, the resulting pathogenesis, and possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ketterer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Auli
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Larissa E Hillebrand
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anett Ketscher
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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Has C, Technau-Hafsi K. Palmoplantar keratodermas: clinical and genetic aspects. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:123-39; quiz 140. [PMID: 26819106 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Palmoplantar keratodermas comprise a diverse group of acquired and hereditary disorders marked by excessive thickening of the epidermis of palms and soles. Early onset and positive family history suggest a genetic cause. While hereditary forms of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) may represent the sole or dominant clinical feature, they may also be associated with other ectodermal defects or extracutaneous manifestations. In recent years, much progress has been made in deciphering the genetic basis of PPK, which has led to the emergence of new disorders and syndromes. The elucidation of disease mechanisms has opened new avenues for specific therapies, increasingly sparking interest in this field. Given the high heterogeneity with respect to clinical features, genetic defects, and disease mechanisms, the classification of PPK is based on various criteria. These include extent of disease manifestations, morphology of palmoplantar skin involvement, inheritance patterns, and molecular pathogenesis. Though not always feasible, the clinical distinction of various PPK entities is based on fine-tuned criteria or clues. Remarkably, apparently distinct disorders have been shown to be allelic, as they are caused by mutations in the same gene. By contrast, similar clinical pictures may result from mutations in different genes. Because of this complexity, mutation analysis is required to determine the precise type of PPK. The best-defined entities are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
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Has C, Technau-Hafsi K. Keratosis palmoplantaris: klinische und genetische Aspekte. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.150_12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Has
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie; Universitätsklinikum Freiburg; Freiburg
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