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Zhang M, Xia T, Lin F, Yu J, Yang Y, Lei W, Zhang T. Vitiligo: An immune disease and its emerging mesenchymal stem cell therapy paradigm. Transpl Immunol 2023; 76:101766. [PMID: 36464219 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte damage, innate immune response, adaptive immune response, and immune inflammatory microenvironment disorders are involved in the development of the immunological pathogenic mechanism of vitiligo. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered an ideal type of cells for the treatment of vitiligo owing to their low immunogenicity, lower rates of transplant rejection, and ability to secrete numerous growth factors, exosomes, and cytokines in vivo. The regulation of signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and immune imbalance in the immunological pathogenesis of vitiligo can improve the immune microenvironment of tissue injury sites. In addition, co-transplantation with melanocytes can reverse the progression of vitiligo. Therefore, continuous in-depth research on the immunopathogenic mechanism involved in this disease and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy is warranted for the treatment of vitiligo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Fengqin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; The Clinical Stem Cell Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; The Clinical Stem Cell Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Dutta T, Mitra S, Saha A, Ganguly K, Pyne T, Sengupta M. A comprehensive meta-analysis and prioritization study to identify vitiligo associated coding and non-coding SNV candidates using web-based bioinformatics tools. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14543. [PMID: 36008553 PMCID: PMC9411560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a prevalent depigmentation disorder affecting around 1% of the general population. So far, various Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Candidate Gene Association Studies (CGAS) have identified several single nucleotide variants (SNVs) as a risk factor for vitiligo. Nonetheless, little has been discerned regarding their direct functional significance to the disease pathogenesis. In this study, we did extensive data mining and downstream analysis using several experimentally validated datasets like GTEx Portal and web tools like rSNPBase, RegulomeDB, HaploReg and STRING to prioritize 13 SNVs from a set of 291SNVs that have been previously reported to be associated with vitiligo. We also prioritized their underlying/target genes and tried annotating their functional contribution to vitiligo pathogenesis. Our analysis revealed genes like FGFR10P, SUOX, CDK5RAP1 and RERE that have never been implicated in vitiligo previously to have strong potentials to contribute to the disease pathogenesis. The study is the first of its kind to prioritize and functionally annotate vitiligo-associated GWAS and CGAS SNVs and their underlying/target genes, based on functional data available in the public domain database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tithi Dutta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sayantan Mitra
- Department of Genetics, CVM University, Aribas, Aribas Campus, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, 388121, India
| | - Arpan Saha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Kausik Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Tushar Pyne
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Shoeib M, Farag AGA, Eltorgman M, Abdou AG. Evaluation of the Langerhans cells role in vitiligo and its relationship to NB-UVB. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3642-3648. [PMID: 33609002 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen-presenting cells that are characterized by CD1a and CD207/langerin expression. The disturbance in the communication network among keratinocytes, melanocytes, and antigen-presenting cells may be involved in vitiligo pathogenesis. AIMS The current work aims to detect and quantify LCs in involved skin of patients affected by vitiligo before and after treatment with NB-UVB using CD1a immunohistochemistry, in addition to correlate percentage of LCs with the clinicopathological parameters. METHODS Twenty vitiligo patients and 10 age and sex matched controls were investigated. Patients were received NB-UVB thrice weekly for 12 weeks. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in LCs percentage in skin affected by vitiligo before treatment in comparison with normal skin. About 65% (13/20) of vitiligo patients responded to NB-UVB, and the liability to respond was correlated with LCs percentage in specimens before treatment. However, there was no statistical difference between specimens before and after treatment regarding LCs percentage. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in LCs in vitiligo may be a sign of active disease and melanocytes destruction. The percentage of LCs affects response to NB-UVB since higher percentage is associated with greater response to therapy. Therefore, modulation of LCs as a type of immunotherapy could be beneficial in improvement of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shoeib
- Department of Dermatology, Andology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Department of Dermatology, Andology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Mona Eltorgman
- Department of Dermatology, Andology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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Melanocytic nevi and melanoma: unraveling a complex relationship. Oncogene 2017; 36:5771-5792. [PMID: 28604751 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 33% of melanomas are derived directly from benign, melanocytic nevi. Despite this, the vast majority of melanocytic nevi, which typically form as a result of BRAFV600E-activating mutations, will never progress to melanoma. Herein, we synthesize basic scientific insights and data from mouse models with common observations from clinical practice to comprehensively review melanocytic nevus biology. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which growth arrest is established after BRAFV600E mutation. Means by which growth arrest can be overcome and how melanocytic nevi relate to melanoma are also considered. Finally, we present a new conceptual paradigm for understanding the growth arrest of melanocytic nevi in vivo termed stable clonal expansion. This review builds upon the canonical hypothesis of oncogene-induced senescence in growth arrest and tumor suppression in melanocytic nevi and melanoma.
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Identification of Novel HLA-A*0201-Restricted CTL Epitopes in Chinese Vitiligo Patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36360. [PMID: 27821860 PMCID: PMC5099573 DOI: 10.1038/srep36360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by melanocyte loss, which results in patchy depigmentation of skin and hair. Recent studies suggested the key role of CD8+T lymphocytes for mediating immune response in vitiligo through melanocyte differentiation antigens, including tyrosinase, gp100 and MelanA/Mart-1. However, the specific epitopes of these auto-antigens are still unknown. In our study, we predicted the possible HLA-A*0201-restricted nonapeptides overlaying the full-length amino acid sequences of these three known antigens and investigated the lymphocytes reactivity to these nonapeptides by Elispot assay. In addition, we evaluated the abilities of these nonapeptides to activate CD8+T cells. We screened out 5 possible epitopes originated from tyrosinase and gp100, numbered P28, P41, P112, P118 and P119. Among these 5 epitopes, notably, P28 and P119 played the dominant role in activating CTLs, with a significant increase in proliferation rate and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production of CD8+T cells. Nevertheless, antigen-specific T cell reactivity was not detected in MelanA/Mart-1 peptides. Our studies identified two novel epitopes originated from proteins of gp100 and tyrosinase, which may have implications for the development of immunotherapies for vitiligo.
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Xie H, Zhou F, Liu L, Zhu G, Li Q, Li C, Gao T. Vitiligo: How do oxidative stress-induced autoantigens trigger autoimmunity? J Dermatol Sci 2015; 81:3-9. [PMID: 26387449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmentation disorder characterized by a loss of functional melanocytes and melanin from epidermis, in which the autoantigens and subsequent autoimmunity caused by oxidative stress play significant roles according to hypotheses. Various factors lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in the melanocytes of vitiligo: the exogenous and endogenous stimuli that cause ROS production, low levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, disturbed antioxidant pathways and polymorphisms of ROS-associated genes. These factors synergistically contribute to the accumulation of ROS in melanocytes, finally leading to melanocyte damage and the production of autoantigens through the following ways: apoptosis, accumulation of misfolded peptides and cytokines induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as the sustained unfolded protein response, and an 'eat me' signal for phagocytic cells triggered by calreticulin. Subsequently, autoantigens presentation and dendritic cells maturation occurred mediated by the release of antigen-containing exosomes, adenosine triphosphate and melanosomal autophagy. With the involvement of inducible heat shock protein 70, cellular immunity targeting autoantigens takes the essential place in the destruction of melanocytes, which eventually results in vitiligo. Several treatments, such as narrow band ultraviolet, quercetin and α-melanophore-stimulating hormone, are reported to be able to lower ROS thereby achieving repigmentation in vitiligo. In therapies targeting autoimmunity, restore of regulatory T cells is absorbing attention, in which narrow band ultraviolet also plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Fubo Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Why treatments do(n't) work in vitiligo: An autoinflammatory perspective. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:332-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gunasekera N, Murphy GF, Sheth VM. Repigmentation of Extensive Inflammatory Vitiligo with Raised Borders Using Early and Aggressive Treatment. Dermatology 2014; 230:11-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000366197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Vitiligo is a disease of pigment loss. Most investigators currently consider vitiligo to be a disorder that occurs as a result of autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, supported by identification of antimelanocyte antibodies in many patients, and the presence of comorbid autoimmune disease in patients with and family members of individuals with vitiligo. One-half of vitiligo cases are of childhood onset. This article presents a current overview of pediatric vitiligo including comorbidities of general health, psychological factors, therapeutic options, and long-term health considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette B Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1090 Amsterdam Avenue, Suite 11D, New York, NY 10025, USA.
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Ruiz-Argüelles A, García-Carrasco M, Jimenez-Brito G, Sánchez-Sosa S, Pérez-Romano B, Garcés-Eisele J, Camacho-Alarcón C, Reyes-Núñez V, Sandoval-Cruz M, Mendoza-Pinto C, López-Colombo A. Treatment of vitiligo with a chimeric monoclonal antibody to CD20: a pilot study. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:229-36. [PMID: 23815517 PMCID: PMC3828826 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Five patients with active disseminated vitiligo were given 1g of a chimeric (murine/human) monoclonal antibody to CD20 in a single intravenous infusion and followed-up for 6 months. Three of the patients showed an overt clinical and histological improvement of the disease, one presented slight improvement and the remaining patient showed no changes. Improvement was neither associated with changes in laboratory parameters nor to a specific human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR) phenotype. We believe that these preliminary results are encouraging, and further clinical trials should be undertaken. An important aim should be the finding of a marker with a good response to this therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Argüelles
- Laboratorios Clínicos de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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