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Long A, Zhao S, Huang G, Li X, Cheng H, Chen Z, Hu Z, Zhu L, Zhao D, Hu X, Wang J. The role of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene in preventing ovarian transplant rejection in rats†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:186-196. [PMID: 38452209 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays important roles in maternal immune tolerance. Female Sprague Dawley rats (9-11 weeks old) were randomly divided into an autoplastic transplantation group (n = 75) and an allograft transplantation group (n = 300) was further divided into subgroups of ovarian transplantation, allograft ovarian transplantation, allograft ovarian transplantation with cyclosporine A treatment, allograft ovarian transplantation and transfection with IDO-expressing lentiviruses, and allograft ovarian transplantation and transfection with control lentiviruses. IDO was successfully transfected into the transplanted ovarian tissue. The survival rate, success rate of ovarian transplantation, period until estrous cycle restoration, and estrogen levels of rats that received IDO-expressing lentiviruses were significantly different from those of rats that underwent allograft transplantation and with control transfection (all P < 0.05), but not significantly different from those rats that received autoplastic transplantation (all P > 0.05). The number of ovarian follicles in the transplanted ovarian tissue of rats that received IDO-expressing lentiviruses was also significantly higher. The expression level of IDO protein detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting was especially high in ovaries that had received IDO-containing lentiviruses. Naturally pregnant rats were found in each group postoperatively. These results indicated that IDO-expressing lentiviruses were successfully transfected into transplanted ovarian tissues of rats and that IDO was stably expressed within a certain time. These findings suggest that the expression level of IDO protein is associated with an enhanced success rate of ovarian tissue transplantation and a short restoration period of endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhuan Long
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyou Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengchunxiao Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Emergency obstetrics and gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
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Wu X, Chen B, Di Z, Jiang S, Xu H, Shi M, Hu R, Sun S, Song Z, Liu J, Ma R, Guo Q. Involvement of kynurenine pathway between inflammation and glutamate in the underlying etiopathology of CUMS-induced depression mouse model. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:62. [DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInflammation and glutamate (GLU) are widely thought to participate in the pathogenesis of depression, and current evidence suggests that the development of depression is associated with the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP). However, the exact mechanism of KP among the inflammation, GLU and depression remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the involvement of KP, inflammation and GLU in depressive phenotype induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in C57B/6 J mice. Our results showed that CUMS caused depressive like-behavior in the sucrose preference test, tail suspension test and forced swimming test. From a molecular perspective, CUMS upregulated the peripheral and central inflammatory response and activated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme of KP, which converts tryptophan (TRP) into kynurenine (KYN). KYN is a precursor for QA in microglia, which could activate the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), increasing the GLU release, mirrored by increased IDO activity, quinolinic acid and GLU levels in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and serum. However, intervention with IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (50 mg/kg/s.c.) and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (15 mg/kg/i.p.) reversed the depressive-like behaviors and adjusted central and peripheral KP’s metabolisms levels as well as GLU content, but the inflammation levels were not completely affected. These results provide certain evidence that KP may be a vital pathway mediated by IDO linking inflammation and glutamate, contributing to depression.
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Muckenhuber M, Wekerle T, Schwarz C. Costimulation blockade and Tregs in solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969633. [PMID: 36119115 PMCID: PMC9478950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance and in containing allo-immune responses in the context of transplantation. Recent advances yielded the approval of the first pharmaceutical costimulation blockers (abatacept and belatacept), with more of them in the pipeline. These costimulation blockers inhibit effector cells with high clinical efficacy to control disease activity, but might inadvertently also affect Tregs. Treg homeostasis is controlled by a complex network of costimulatory and coinhibitory signals, including CD28, the main target of abatacept/belatacept, and CTLA4, PD-1 and ICOS. This review shall give an overview on what effects the therapeutic manipulation of costimulation has on Treg function in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Muckenhuber
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Thomas Wekerle, ; Christoph Schwarz,
| | - Christoph Schwarz
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Thomas Wekerle, ; Christoph Schwarz,
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Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041921. [PMID: 33671985 PMCID: PMC7919278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is a gold standard treatment for patients suffering from an end-stage organ disease. Patient and graft survival have vastly improved during the last couple of decades; however, the field of transplantation still encounters several unique challenges, such as a shortage of transplantable organs and increasing pool of extended criteria donor (ECD) organs, which are extremely prone to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), risk of graft rejection and challenges in immune regulation. Moreover, accurate and specific biomarkers, which can timely predict allograft dysfunction and/or rejection, are lacking. The essential amino acid tryptophan and, especially, its metabolites via the kynurenine pathway has been widely studied as a contributor and a therapeutic target in various diseases, such as neuropsychiatric, autoimmune disorders, allergies, infections and malignancies. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway has also gained interest in solid organ transplantation and a variety of experimental studies investigating its role both in IRI and immune regulation after allograft implantation was first published. In this review, the current evidence regarding the role of tryptophan and its metabolites in solid organ transplantation is presented, giving insights into molecular mechanisms and into therapeutic and diagnostic/prognostic possibilities.
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Schwarz C, Mahr B, Muckenhuber M, Wekerle T. Belatacept/CTLA4Ig: an update and critical appraisal of preclinical and clinical results. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:583-592. [PMID: 29874474 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1485489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The B7/CD28/CTLA4 signaling cascade is the most thoroughly studied costimulatory pathway and blockade with CTLA4Ig (abatacept) or its derivative belatacept has emerged as a valuable option for pharmacologic immune modulation. Several clinical studies have ultimately led to the approval of belatacept for immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients. Areas covered: This review will discuss the immunological background of costimulation blockade and recent preclinical data and clinical results of CTLA4Ig/belatacept. Expert commentary: The development of belatacept is a major advance in clinical transplantation. However, in spite of promising results in preclinical and clinical trials, clinical use remains limited at present, in part due to increased rates of acute rejection. Recent efforts showing encouraging progress in refining such protocols might be a step toward harnessing the full potential of costimulation blockade-based immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schwarz
- a Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,b Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Benedikt Mahr
- b Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Moritz Muckenhuber
- b Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- b Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Surgery , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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