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Kao TW, Peng TC, Chen WL, Chi YC, Chen CL, Yang WS. Higher Serum Leptin Levels are Associated with a Reduced Risk of Sarcopenia but a Higher Risk of Dynapenia Among Older Adults. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5817-5825. [PMID: 34764673 PMCID: PMC8573148 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s335694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin plays an important role in regulating the energy homeostasis of fat and muscle. Paradoxical findings existed between serum leptin levels and muscle health conditions. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum leptin levels and the risk of sarcopenia or dynapenia among older adults. Methods Adults aged 65 and older living in the community were recruited at annual health checkups. Body composition, gait speed, and handgrip strength were examined. The cutoff values of muscle mass and strength to define sarcopenia and dynapenia were based on the consensus by the Asia Working Group of Sarcopenia in 2019. Serum leptin level was measured by an immunoassay. Results Four hundred sixty participants (55.65% females) were enrolled. There were 16.08% and 23.91% with sarcopenia and dynapenia, respectively. Higher serum leptin levels were positively associated with muscle and fat mass but negatively associated with handgrip strength and gait speed for both sexes. In the logistic regression models adjusted for various confounders, a higher serum leptin level was associated with an increased risk of dynapenia with dose-response effects among both male and female participants (odds ratio [OR]=3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.99–14.17; OR= 3.32, 95% CI=1.03–10.74, respectively), and a positive trend existed in both genders (p for trend=0.040 and 0.042, respectively). In contrast, a higher leptin level was associated with a reduced risk of sarcopenia with dose-response trends for both sexes (OR= 0.06, 95% CI=0.01–0.48; OR= 0.26, 95% CI=0.06–1.17, respectively) in models of multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a negative trend existed in both genders (p for trend = 0.002 and 0.023, respectively). Conclusion A positive trend existed between the serum leptin level and the dynapenia risk, whereas it revealed a negative trend in the serum leptin level and sarcopenia risk in both male and female elderly individuals. The biological mechanisms underlying its negative association with muscle strength but its positive association with muscle mass warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Chi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Obesity, Life Style and Metabolic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Nie X, Xu Y, Ma X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Bao Y. Trunk fat and leg fat in relation to free triiodothyronine in euthyroid postmenopausal women. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1425-1432. [PMID: 31581130 PMCID: PMC6826169 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high level of free triiodothyronine (FT3) within the reference range may be a potential metabolic risk marker. However, the relationship between different fat depots and FT3 has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the relationships between segmental fat distribution and FT3 in euthyroid middle-aged and elderly men and postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 891 subjects (394 men and 497 women) were enrolled. A bioelectrical impedance analyzer was used to measure total, trunk, arm and leg fat mass (FM) and fat percentage (fat%). The leg fat mass to trunk fat mass ratio (LTR) was calculated to evaluate the relative distribution of leg fat compared with that of trunk fat. Thyroid hormones were measured by electrochemical luminescence immunoassay. RESULTS FT3 in men did not change significantly with increases in LTR quartiles, while FT3 in women decreased significantly (P for trend = 0.004). In multivariate linear regression analysis, multiple metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors were adjusted. The LTR was negatively related to FT3 in women (P < 0.05). After further mutual adjustment for trunk fat and leg fat parameters, trunk FM and fat% were positively related to FT3, while leg FM and fat% were negatively related to FT3 in women (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In euthyroid postmenopausal women, trunk fat was positively correlated with FT3, whereas leg fat was negatively correlated with FT3. Our findings supported that a high level of FT3 within the reference range was related to adverse fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Nie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to X Ma or Y Bao: or
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to X Ma or Y Bao: or
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Rostás I, Pótó L, Mátrai P, Hegyi P, Tenk J, Garami A, Illés A, Solymár M, Pétervári E, Szűcs Á, Párniczky A, Pécsi D, Rumbus Z, Zsiborás C, Füredi N, Balaskó M. In middle-aged and old obese patients, training intervention reduces leptin level: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182801. [PMID: 28809927 PMCID: PMC5557366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is one of the major adipokines in obesity that indicates the severity of fat accumulation. It is also an important etiological factor of consequent cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders. Aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce leptin resistance and hyperleptinemia. Hyperleptinemia, on the other hand, may promote the development of age-related abnormalities. While major weight loss has been demonstrated to ameliorate hyperleptinemia, obese people show a poor tendency to achieve lasting success in this field. The question arises whether training intervention per se is able to reduce the level of this adipokine. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the literature on the effects of training intervention on peripheral leptin level in obesity during aging, in order to evaluate the independent efficacy of this method. In the studies that were included in our analysis, changes of adiponectin levels (when present) were also evaluated. DATA SOURCES 3481 records were identified through searching of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library Database. Altogether 19 articles were suitable for analyses. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Empirical research papers were eligible provided that they reported data of middle-aged or older (above 45 years of age) overweight or obese (body mass index above 25) individuals and included physical training intervention or at least fitness status of groups together with corresponding blood leptin values. STATISTICAL METHODS We used random effect models in each of the meta-analyses calculating with the DerSimonian and Laird weighting methods. I-squared indicator and Q test were performed to assess heterogeneity. To assess publication bias Egger's test was applied. In case of significant publication bias, the Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill algorithm was used. RESULTS Training intervention leads to a decrease in leptin level of middle-aged or older, overweight or obese male and female groups, even without major weight loss, indicated by unchanged serum adiponectin levels. Resistance training appears to be more efficient in reducing blood leptin level than aerobic training alone. CONCLUSIONS Physical training, especially resistance training successfully reduces hyperleptinemia even without diet or major weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Rostás
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Pótó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátrai
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences - University of Szeged, Momentum Gastroenterology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Tenk
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - András Garami
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anita Illés
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Margit Solymár
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erika Pétervári
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Szűcs
- First Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Dániel Pécsi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rumbus
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Zsiborás
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta Balaskó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Antony B, Venn A, Cicuttini F, March L, Blizzard L, Dwyer T, Cross M, Jones G, Ding C. Association of physical activity and physical performance with tibial cartilage volume and bone area in young adults. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:298. [PMID: 26503530 PMCID: PMC4623258 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity has been recommended to patients with knee osteoarthritis for improving their symptoms. However, it is still controversial if physical activity has effects on joint structures including cartilage volume. The aim of this study was to describe the associations between physical activity and performance measured 5 years prior and tibial cartilage volume and bone area in young adults. Methods Subjects broadly representative of the Australian population (n = 328, aged 31–41 years, female 47.3 %) were selected from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study. They underwent T1-weighted fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of their knees. Tibial bone area and cartilage volume were measured from MRI. Physical activity (measured using long international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)) and performance measures (long jump, leg muscle strength, physical work capacity (PWC170)) were measured 5 years prior. Results In multivariable analyses, total physical activity (min/week) (β: 0.30 mm3, 95 % CI: 0.13,0.47), vigorous (β: 0.54 mm3, 95 % CI: 0.13,0.94), moderate (β: 0.34 mm3, 95 % CI: 0.01,0.67), walking (β: 0.40 mm3, 95 % CI: 0.07,0.72) and IPAQ category (β: 182.9 mm3, 95 % CI: 51.8,314.0) were positively associated with total tibial cartilage volume but not tibial bone area. PWC170, long jump and leg muscle strength were positively and significantly associated with both total tibial cartilage volume and total tibial bone area; and the associations with tibial cartilage volume decreased in magnitude but remained significant for PWC170 and long jump after further adjustment for tibial bone area. Conclusion While tibial bone area is affected only by physical performance, total tibial cartilage volume can be influenced by both physical activity and performance in younger adults. The clinical significance suggests a beneficial effect for cartilage but the bone area association was restricted to performance suggesting other factors rather than physical activity may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Antony
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Lyn March
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Marita Cross
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - Changhai Ding
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Antony B, Jones G, Venn A, Cicuttini F, March L, Blizzard L, Dwyer T, Cross M, Ding C. Childhood Physical Performance Measures and Adulthood Knee Cartilage Volume and Bone Area: A 25‐Year Cohort Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:1263-1271. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alison Venn
- University of TasmaniaHobart Tasmania Australia
| | | | - Lyn March
- University of SydneySydney New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Childrens Research InstituteMelbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Marita Cross
- University of SydneySydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Changhai Ding
- University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, and Monash UniversityMelbourne Victoria Australia
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Aguirre LE, Jan IZ, Fowler K, Waters DL, Villareal DT, Armamento-Villareal R. Testosterone and Adipokines are Determinants of Physical Performance, Strength, and Aerobic Fitness in Frail, Obese, Older Adults. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:507395. [PMID: 25165472 PMCID: PMC4140116 DOI: 10.1155/2014/507395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the independent and combined effects of baseline circulating gonadal, anabolic hormones and adipokines on physical function in 107 frail, obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)), and older (≥65 yr) subjects. Our results showed significant positive correlations between circulating testosterone and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with knee flexion, knee extension, one-repetition maximum (1-RM), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak), while no correlation was observed with estradiol. Among the adipokines, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and leptin negatively correlated with the modified physical performance testing (PPT), knee flexion, knee extension, 1-RM, and VO2 peak. Interleukin-6 ( Il-6) negatively correlated with knee flexion and VO2 peak and soluble tumor necrosis factors receptor-1 (sTNFr1) correlated with PPT, 1-RM, and VO2 peak. Adiponectin correlated negatively with 1-RM. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, for PPT, sTNFr1 was the only independent predictor. Independent predictors included adiponectin, leptin, and testosterone for knee flexion; leptin and testosterone for knee extension; adiponectin, leptin, and testosterone for 1-RM; and IGF-1, IL-6, leptin, and testosterone for VO2 peak. In conclusion, in frail obese older adults, circulating levels of testosterone, adiponectin, and leptin appear to be important predictors of physical strength and fitness, while inflammation appears to be a major determinant of physical frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina E. Aguirre
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- *Lina E. Aguirre:
| | - Irum Zeb Jan
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Kenneth Fowler
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Debra L. Waters
- University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Dennis T. Villareal
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, 1501 San Pedro SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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