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Luo Y, Zhou Y, Jiang H, Zhu Q, Lv Q, Zhang X, Gu R, Yan B, Wei L, Zhu Y, Jiang Z. Identification of potential diagnostic genes for atherosclerosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18215. [PMID: 39107365 PMCID: PMC11303752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is the most prevalent endocrine disorder among women in their reproductive years, is linked to a higher occurrence and severity of atherosclerosis (AS). Nevertheless, the precise manner in which PCOS impacts the cardiovascular well-being of women remains ambiguous. The Gene Expression Omnibus database provided four PCOS datasets and two AS datasets for this study. Through the examination of genes originating from differentially expressed (DEGs) and critical modules utilizing functional enrichment analyses, weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA), and machine learning algorithm, the research attempted to discover potential diagnostic genes. Additionally, the study investigated immune infiltration and conducted gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to examine the potential mechanism of the simultaneous occurrence of PCOS and AS. Two verification datasets and cell experiments were performed to assess biomarkers' reliability. The PCOS group identified 53 genes and AS group identified 175 genes by intersecting DEGs and key modules of WGCNA. Then, 18 genes from two groups were analyzed by machine learning algorithm. Death Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) was recognized as an essential gene. Immune infiltration and single-gene GSEA results suggest that DAPK1 is associated with T cell-mediated immune responses. The mRNA expression of DAPK1 was upregulated in ox-LDL stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in granulosa cells. Our research discovered the close association between AS and PCOS, and identified DAPK1 as a crucial diagnostic biomarker for AS in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Luo
- Department of NICU, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Qiongjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuandong Zhang
- Department of NICU, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of NICU, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Department of NICU, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of NICU, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Zhu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of NICU, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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CB1 Ligand AM251 Induces Weight Loss and Fat Reduction in Addition to Increased Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911447. [PMID: 36232744 PMCID: PMC9569643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and decreases circulating levels of adiponectin. Endocannabinoid signaling is overactive in obesity, with some effects abated by antagonism of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). This research aimed to determine if treatment with the global CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist, AM251, in high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats influenced adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle and a “browning” of white adipose tissue (WAT) defined by UCP1 expression levels. Male Sprague Dawley rats consumed an HFD (21% fat) for 9 weeks before receiving daily intraperitoneal injections with vehicle or AM251 (3 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. mRNA expression of genes involved in metabolic functions were measured in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and blood was harvested for the measurement of hormones and cytokines. Muscle citrate synthase activity was also measured. AM251 treatment decreased fat pad weight (epididymal, peri-renal, brown), and plasma levels of leptin, glucagon, ghrelin, and GLP-1, and increased PAI-1 along with a range of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines; however, AM251 did not alter plasma adiponectin levels, skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity or mRNA expression of the genes measured in muscle. AM251 treatment had no effect on white fat UCP1 expression levels. AM251 decreased fat pad mass, altered plasma hormone levels, but did not induce browning of WAT defined by UCP1 mRNA levels or alter gene expression in muscle treated acutely with adiponectin, demonstrating the complexity of the endocannabinoid system and metabolism. The CB1 ligand AM251 increased systemic inflammation suggesting limitations on its use in metabolic disorders.
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An Exploratory Critical Review on TNF-α as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker Responsive to Dietary Intervention with Bioactive Foods and Derived Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162524. [PMID: 36010524 PMCID: PMC9407274 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review collects and critically examines data on the levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in lean, overweight and obese subjects, and the effects of intervention with different foods and food products containing bioactive constituents in overweight/obese individuals. We additionally explore the influence of different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on TNF-α levels and compare the response to food products with that to some anti-obesity drugs. Our aim was to provide an overview of the variability, consistency, and magnitude of the reported effects of dietary factors on TNF-α, and to envisage the reliability of measuring changes in the levels of this cytokine as a biomarker responsive to food intervention in association with the reduction in body weight. Regarding the circulating levels of TNF-α, we report: (i) a large intra-group variability, with most coefficients of variation (CV%) values being ≥30% and, in many cases, >100%; (ii) a large between-studies variability, with baseline TNF-α values ranging from <1.0 up to several hundred pg/mL; (iii) highly variable effects of the different dietary approaches with both statistically significant and not significant decreases or increases of the protein, and the absolute effect size varying from <0.1 pg/mL up to ≈50 pg/mL. Within this scenario of variability, it was not possible to discern clear differentiating limits in TNF-α between lean, overweight, and obese individuals or a distinct downregulatory effect on this cytokine by any of the different dietary approaches reviewed, i.e., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), Vitamin-D (VitD), mixed (micro)nutrients, (poly)phenols or other phytochemicals. Further, there was not a clear relationship between the TNF-α responses and body weight changes. We found similarities between dietary and pharmacological treatments in terms of variability and limited evidence of the TNF-α response. Different factors that contribute to this variability are discussed and some specific recommendations are proposed to reinforce the need to improve future studies looking at this cytokine as a potential biomarker of response to dietary approaches.
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Li Y, Liu F, Li S, Tan S. Association of Variants in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Gene and VEGFA Serum Levels with the Risk of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: A Case-Control Study. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2021; 86:469-476. [PMID: 34247156 DOI: 10.1159/000517071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed at investigating the association between the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) genetic variants, the VEGFA serum level, and the primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) risk in Chinese Han women. DESIGN An age-matched case-control study was implemented in the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods: Blood samples and clinical information were collected from 240 patients with POI and 261 healthy controls between December 2012 and December 2018 at the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University. Mutations of VEGFA gene -2578C/A, -1154G/A, 936C/T, and -634C/G were identified by PCR-RFLP. Moreover, VEGFA serum levels in the 2 groups were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The -1154G>A and 936C>T variants of the VEGFA gene were significantly associated with POI (the adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.17 and 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-4.43 for the former; the adjusted OR = 2.74 and 95% CI = 1.18-6.34 for the latter), whereas no significant difference was found in the genotype distribution of -2578C>A and -634C>G variants between patients and controls (p > 0.05). Moreover, the combined -1154G>A and 936C>T genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of POI (the adjusted OR = 21.98, 95% CI = 2.78-173.78 among subjects carrying 3 or more variants), particularly when patients aged ≥35 years (the adjusted OR = 20.58, and 95% CI = 2.58-164.25). The POI group exhibited an obviously lower VEGFA serum level (45.15 ± 1.25 pg/mL) than the control group. Compared with the control, the expression of VEGFA was significantly decreased in the POI group (279.90 ± 5.71 pg/mL; p < 0.05). Moreover, the serum VEGFA levels are lower in the -1154AA genotype than those of AG/GG genotypes. LIMITATIONS The main limitation is that all participants enrolled in this study were Chinese. As genotype and allelotype frequencies tend to differ between ethnic populations, extrapolation of the results to other ethnic groups should be cautiously considered. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates an association between the VEGFA -1154G/A, 936C/T variants, and susceptibility to POI in Chinese Han women. Reduced levels of VEGFA may be a potential mechanism for the de-velopment of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Chengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangwei Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiao Tan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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Liu MM, Chen XH, Lu XM, Wang FF, Wang C, Liu Y, Li PL, Du BT, Liang S, Gong PD, Wang YX. Variations in the Profiles of Vascular-Related Factors Among Different Sub-Types of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Northern China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:527592. [PMID: 33716949 PMCID: PMC7953058 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.527592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a growing body of evidence has suggested that abnormal ovarian angiogenesis, secondary to the imbalance between various angiogenic markers, is involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS, and this has led to the use of various interventions (such as Diane-35) to restore the normal ovarian angiogenesis. Therefore, we conducted the current investigation to determine the role of such markers (endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin (ES), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)) in the pathogenesis of PCOS along with the associated changes in ovarian blood flow in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls, both before and after a course of oral contraception. A total of 381 patients with PCOS and 98 healthy females of childbearing age were recruited from July 2014 to June 2017 at the Reproductive Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The serum levels of VEGF, ES, and TSP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while ovarian perfusion was measured by the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) by using transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound. Repeated analyses were carried out after 3 months of Diane-35 treatment. Post-treatment serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio of patients with PCOS decreased significantly (P <0.05). The RI values of most PCOS patients increased after treatment (P<0.05), while PI was significantly increased in all patients (P<0.05). However, variable changes in the serum levels of TSP-1, VEGF, and ES after treatment were observed. Serum VEGF levels showed a negative correlation with serum LH/FSH ratio, T concentration, and ES (P <0.05), while ES levels were negatively correlated with serum T concentrations only (P<0.05). The markers of angiogenesis (VEGF, ES, and TSP-1) were expressed differently among PCOS patients, who also responded differently to the same course of Diane-35 treatment. This field still warrants further investigation to reach a more definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-mei Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Nuñez-Lumbreras MDLÁ, Castañeda-Cabral JL, Valle-Dorado MG, Sánchez-Valle V, Orozco-Suárez S, Guevara-Guzmán R, Martínez-Juárez I, Alonso-Vanegas M, Walter F, Deli MA, Carmona-Cruz F, Rocha L. Drug-Resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Alters the Expression and Functional Coupling to Gαi/o Proteins of CB1 and CB2 Receptors in the Microvasculature of the Human Brain. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:611780. [PMID: 33551765 PMCID: PMC7854549 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.611780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2, respectively) play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). On the other hand, BBB dysfunction is a common feature in drug-resistant epilepsy. The focus of the present study was to characterize protein expression levels and Gαi/o protein-induced activation by CB1 and CB2 receptors in the microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) isolated from the brain of patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (DR-MTLE). MECs were isolated from the hippocampus and temporal neocortex of 12 patients with DR-MTLE and 12 non-epileptic autopsies. Immunofluorescence experiments were carried out to determine the localization of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the different cell elements of MECs. Protein expression levels of CB1 and CB2 receptors were determined by Western blot experiments. [35S]-GTPγS binding assay was used to evaluate the Gαi/o protein activation induced by specific agonists. Immunofluorescent double-labeling showed that CB1 and CB2 receptors colocalize with tight junction proteins (claudin-5, occludin, and zonula occludens-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β. These results support that CB1 and CB2 receptors are expressed in the human isolated microvessels fragments consisting of MECs, astrocyte end feet, and pericytes. The hippocampal microvasculature of patients with DR-MTLE presented lower protein expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors (66 and 43%, respectively; p < 0.001). However, its Gαi/o protein activation was with high efficiency (CB1, 251%, p < 0.0008; CB2, 255%, p < 0.0001). Microvasculature of temporal neocortex presented protein overexpression of CB1 and CB2 receptors (35 and 41%, respectively; p < 0.01). Their coupled Gαi/o protein activation was with higher efficiency for CB1 receptors (103%, p < 0.006), but lower potency (p < 0.004) for CB2 receptors. The present study revealed opposite changes in the protein expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors when hippocampus (diminished expression of CB1 and CB2) and temporal neocortex (increased expression of CB1 and CB2) were compared. However, the exposure to specific CB1 and CB2 agonists results in high efficiency for activation of coupled Gαi/o proteins in the brain microvasculature of patients with DR-MTLE. CB1 and CB2 receptors with high efficiency could represent a therapeutic target to maintain the integrity of the BBB in patients with DR-MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vicente Sánchez-Valle
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iris Martínez-Juárez
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez (INNNMVS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Alonso-Vanegas
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez (INNNMVS), Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro Internacional de Cirugía de Epilepsia, Hospital HMG-Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fruzsina Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Francia Carmona-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
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Haspula D, Clark MA. Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7693. [PMID: 33080916 PMCID: PMC7590033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of the human cannabinoid receptors and their roles in health and disease, has been one of the most significant biochemical and pharmacological advancements to have occurred in the past few decades. In spite of the major strides made in furthering endocannabinoid research, therapeutic exploitation of the endocannabinoid system has often been a challenging task. An impaired endocannabinoid tone often manifests as changes in expression and/or functions of type 1 and/or type 2 cannabinoid receptors. It becomes important to understand how alterations in cannabinoid receptor cellular signaling can lead to disruptions in major physiological and biological functions, as they are often associated with the pathogenesis of several neurological, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review focusses mostly on the pathophysiological roles of type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, and it attempts to integrate both cellular and physiological functions of the cannabinoid receptors. Apart from an updated review of pre-clinical and clinical studies, the adequacy/inadequacy of cannabinoid-based therapeutics in various pathological conditions is also highlighted. Finally, alternative strategies to modulate endocannabinoid tone, and future directions are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Michelle A. Clark
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Butler AE, Ramachandran V, Cunningham TK, David R, Gooderham NJ, Benurwar M, Dargham SR, Hayat S, Sathyapalan T, Najafi-Shoushtari SH, Atkin SL. Increased MicroRNA Levels in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome but Without Insulin Resistance: A Pilot Prospective Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:571357. [PMID: 33101204 PMCID: PMC7556216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.571357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small noncoding microRNA (miRNA) have regulatory functions in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that differ to those in women without PCOS. However, little is known about miRNA expression in women with PCOS who are not insulin resistant (IR). METHODS Circulating miRNAs were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 24 non-obese BMI and age matched women with PCOS and 24 control women. A miRNA data set was used to determine miRNA levels. RESULTS Women with PCOS showed a higher free androgen index (FAI) and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) but IR did not differ. Four miRNAs (miR-1260a, miR-18b-5p, miR-424-5p, and miR let-7b-3p) differed between control and PCOS women that passed the false discovery rate (FDR) out of a total of 177 circulating miRNAs that were detected. MiRNA let-7b-3p correlated with AMH in PCOS (p < 0.05). When the groups were combined, miR-1260a correlated with FAI and let-7b-3p correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). There was no correlation to androgen levels. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that nine of the top 10 miRNAs reported were associated with inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSION When IR did not differ between PCOS and control women, only four miRNA differed significantly suggesting that IR may be a driver for many of the miRNA changes reported. Let-7b-3p was related to AMH in PCOS, and to BMI as a group, whilst miR-1260a correlated with FAI. Androgen levels, however, had no effect upon circulating miRNA profiles. The expressed miRNAs were associated with the inflammatory pathway involving TNF and IL6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Alexandra E. Butler, ;
| | - Vimal Ramachandran
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thomas Keith Cunningham
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon David
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J. Gooderham
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manasi Benurwar
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soha R. Dargham
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahina Hayat
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - S Hani Najafi-Shoushtari
- Division of Research, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen L. Atkin
- Postgraduate Studies and Research, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
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Wang W, Zheng J, Cui N, Jiang L, Zhou H, Zhang D, Hao G. Baicalin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome through AMP-activated protein kinase. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:109. [PMID: 31722718 PMCID: PMC6852906 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder and regarded as the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. PCOS is characterized by reproductive dysfunction and metabolic disorders. Baicalin (BAL) is one of the most potent bioactive flavonoids isolated from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis. In the present study, we investigated the potential effects of BAL on PCOS in dehydroepiandrosterone-treated rats. We found that BAL notably reduced the serum levels of free testosterone, total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and estradiol in PCOS rats. The increase of serum insulin level and HOMA-IR was markedly inhibited by BAL. Moreover, BAL decreased body weights, increased the number of rats with the regular estrous cycle, and ameliorated ovarian histological changes and follicular development in the DHEA-treated PCOS rats. The increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-18) and decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in PCOS rats were suppressed by BAL. BAL induced a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes, including 3β-HSD, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, StAR, in ovarian tissues in PCOS rats. Furthermore, BAL inhibited the decrease of AMPK protein level and phosphorylation, the decrease of Akt phosphorylation and the increase of 5α-reductase enzyme 1 expression in ovarian tissues in PCOS rats. The effects of BAL were inhibited by an inhibitor of AMPK, dorsomorphin. The upregulation of AMPK contributed to the beneficial effects of BAL. The results highlight the potential role of BAL for the intervention of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Jiahua Zheng
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Na Cui
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Guimin Hao
- Department of Reproduction, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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Luschnig P, Schicho R. Cannabinoids in Gynecological Diseases. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2019; 2:14-21. [PMID: 34676329 DOI: 10.1159/000499164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a multifunctional homeostatic system involved in many physiological and pathological conditions. The ligands of the ECS are the endo-cannabinoids, whose actions are mimicked by exogenous cannabinoids, such as phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids. Responses to the ligands of the ECS are mediated by numerous receptors like the classical cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) as well as ECS-related receptors, e.g., G protein-coupled receptors 18 and 55 (GPR18 and GPR55), transient receptor potential ion channels, and nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The ECS regulates almost all levels of female reproduction, starting with oocyte production through to parturition. Dysregulation of the ECS is associated with the development of gynecological disorders from fertility disorders to cancer. Cannabinoids that act at the ECS as specific agonists or antagonists may potentially influence dysregulation and, therefore, represent new therapeutic options for the therapy of gynecological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Luschnig
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Mejia-Montilla J, Reyna-Villasmil E, Domínguez-Brito L, Naranjo-Rodríguez C, Noriega-Verdugo D, Padilla-Samaniego M, Vargas-Olalla V. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and plasma adiponectin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Jourdan T, Park JK, Varga ZV, Pálóczi J, Coffey NJ, Rosenberg AZ, Godlewski G, Cinar R, Mackie K, Pacher P, Kunos G. Cannabinoid-1 receptor deletion in podocytes mitigates both glomerular and tubular dysfunction in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:698-708. [PMID: 29106063 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the specific role of podocyte-expressed cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1 R) in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), relative to CB1 R in other renal cell types. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed a mouse model with a podocyte-specific deletion of CB1 R (pCB1Rko) and challenged this model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 DN. We also assessed the podocyte response to high glucose in vitro and its effects on CB1 R activation. RESULTS High glucose exposure for 48 hours led to an increase in CB1 R gene expression (CNR1) and endocannabinoid production in cultured human podocytes. This was associated with podocyte injury, reflected by decreased podocin and nephrin expression. These changes could be prevented by Cnr1-silencing, thus identifying CB1R as a key player in podocyte injury. After 12 weeks of chronic hyperglycaemia, STZ-treated pCB1Rko mice showed elevated blood glucose similar to that of their wild-type littermates. However, they displayed less albuminuria and less podocyte loss than STZ-treated wild-type mice. Unexpectedly, pCB1Rko mice also have milder tubular dysfunction, fibrosis and reduction of cortical microcirculation compared to wild-type controls, which is mediated, in part, by podocyte-derived endocannabinoids acting via CB1 R on proximal tubular cells. CONCLUSIONS Activation of CB1 R in podocytes contributes to both glomerular and tubular dysfunction in type-1 DN, which highlights the therapeutic potential of peripheral CB1 R blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jourdan
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua K Park
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - János Pálóczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Kidney Diseases Section, National Institute on Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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Mejia-Montilla J, Reyna-Villasmil E, Domínguez-Brito L, Naranjo-Rodríguez C, Noriega-Verdugo D, Padilla-Samaniego M, Vargas-Olalla V. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and plasma adiponectin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 65:192-199. [PMID: 29452758 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study plasma adiponectin levels in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome given omega-3 fatty acid supplements. PATIENTS AND METHODS A study was conducted in 195 women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with omega-3 fatty acids for 12weeks (n=97; groupA) and control women given placebo (n=98, groupB). General characteristics, metabolism, lipid profile, and hormone and adiponectin levels were compared. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in general characteristics. No significant differences were also found in hormone, blood glucose, and HOMA levels between the groups. Women in study groupsA andB showed no statistically significant differences in total calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and total fat intake between the baseline and final values. Decreased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels were found in groupA women (P<.0001). Mean of adiponectin levels also showed a statistically significant increase after treatment (P<.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean values of the different variables in groupB women. CONCLUSION Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for 12weeks caused a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Wang J, Zhu L, Hu K, Tang Y, Zeng X, Liu J, Xu J. Effects of metformin treatment on serum levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis: A PRISMA-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8183. [PMID: 28953677 PMCID: PMC5626320 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is effective for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but conflicting results regarding its impact on serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in women with PCOS have been reported. To provide high-quality evidence about the effect of treatment with metformin on CRP and IL-6 in PCOS, relevant studies that assessed the serum levels of CRP and IL-6 in women with PCOS receiving metformin treatment were reviewed and analyzed. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the Science Citation Index, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, and personal contact was made with the authors. Random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). To ensure synthesis of the best available evidence, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression analysis, and publication bias were performed. RESULTS Of 216 studies identified, 20 were included in the meta-analysis (7 prospective, nonrandomized studies, and 13 randomized control trials). Data suggest that serum levels of CRP were decreased after metformin treatment in PCOS patients with an SMD (95% CI) of -0.86 [-1.24 to -0.48] and P = .000 (random-effects). However, significant heterogeneity was detected across studies (I = 84.6% and P = .000). Unfortunately, the sources of heterogeneity were not found by subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. Serum IL-6 concentrations were not significantly changed after metformin treatment in PCOS with an SMD (95% CI) of -0.48 [-1.26 to 0.31] and P > .05 (random-effects). Significant heterogeneity was also detected across studies (I = 90.9% and P = .000). The subgroup analysis suggested that treatment-related reductions in serum IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with BMI, whereas the sources of heterogeneity were not found. In addition, we noticed that metformin treatment could decrease BMI in the CRP and IL-6 related studies (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.23; SMD = -0.44, 95% CI: -0.73 to -0.16). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed a significant decrease of serum CRP levels, especially in obese women, but no significant changes in IL-6 levels after metformin treatment in women with PCOS. In general, the data support that early metformin therapy may ameliorate the state of chronic inflammation in women with PCOS. Considering the obvious heterogeneity reported in the literature, further well-designed investigations with larger samples are needed to ascertain the long-term effects of metformin on chronic inflammation in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Kaixiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Yunliang Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiangxia Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Jianying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
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