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Zhu W, Wu F, Li J, Meng L, Zhang W, Zhang H, Cha S, Zhang J, Guo G. Impaired learning and memory generated by hyperthyroidism is rescued by restoration of AMPA and NMDA receptors function. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105807. [PMID: 35777536 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive disorders. The hippocampus is a key brain region associated with cognitive function, among which excitatory synapse transmission plays an important role in the process of learning and memory. However, the mechanism by which hyperthyroidism leads to cognitive dysfunction through a synaptic mechanism remains unknown. We investigated the synaptic mechanisms in the effects of hyperthyroidism in an animal model that involved repeated injection of triiodothyronine (T3). These mice displayed impaired learning and memory in the Novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and Morris Water Maze test, as well as elevated anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Mature dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 region of hyperthyroid mice were significantly decreased, accompanied by decreased level of AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors in the hippocampus. In primary cultured hippocampal neurons, levels of AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors also decreased and whole-cell patch-clamp recording revealed that excitatory synaptic function was obviously attenuated after T3 treatment. Notably, pharmacological activation of AMPAR or NMDAR by intraperitoneal injection of CX546, an AMPAR agonist, or NMDA, an NMDAR agonist can restore excitatory synaptic function and corrected impaired learning and memory deficit in hyperthyroid mice. Together, our findings uncovered a previously unrecognized AMPAR and NMDAR-dependent mechanism involved in regulating hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission and learning and memory disorders in hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Fengming Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lianghui Meng
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuhan Cha
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Wang LJ, Huang YH, Chou WJ, Lee SY. Growth Hormone and Thyroid Function in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Undergoing Drug Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2047-2056. [PMID: 35262170 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The trends in hormone indices of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who received long-term medication treatment remains controversial. OBJECTIVE This prospective study aimed to examine the changes in the growth hormone and thyroid hormone systems among children with ADHD undergoing various medication treatments. METHODS In total, 118 children who were diagnosed with ADHD and were drug-naive were observed naturalistically over 12 months. Of them, 22 did not receive any medication, while 39, 40, and 17 were treated with low doses of short-acting methylphenidate (MPH) (14 ± 6.7 mg/day), osmotic-release oral system (OROS) long-acting MPH (32 ± 9.6 mg/day), and atomoxetine (29.2 ± 9.7 mg/day), respectively. Blood samples were obtained at both the baseline and the endpoint (month 12) to measure serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free T4. RESULTS Trends for IGF-1, IGFBP-3, prolactin, TSH, T3, T4, and free T4 levels were similar among the 4 groups. Changes in serum levels of IGF-1 were positively correlated with changes in height and weight of all the children with ADHD. However, patients who received MPH treatment had less body weight gain than the nonmedicated group. The ratio of MPH doses to body weight was inversely correlated with the increment in height. CONCLUSION There were no changes in thyroid or growth hormones associated with the low doses of ADHD medications used in this study within 1 year's duration. Nonetheless, patients' growth and the appropriateness of drug dosage should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Qiu Y, Yu K, Yu X, Yi X, Cai K, Li H, Xu S, Wang W, Huang L. Long-term low-dose oxytetracycline potentially leads to neurobehavioural changes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112546. [PMID: 34330038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace levels of oxytetracycline (OTC)-a veterinary antibiotic and feed additive-are widespread in the environment. Studies revealed that OTC potentially impairs thyroid function, which may affect neurobehaviour; however, the impact of exposure to environmental concentrations of OTC on adult neurobehaviour is unknown. In this study, the effects of OTC on zebrafish after 30-day exposure were investigated. The total swimming distance was significantly increased under vibration and light/dark stimulation, while time spent in the white area was prolonged during the black/white preference test, indicating that the zebrafish became bolder and more impulsive under low OTC exposure. Additionally, monoamine neurotransmitter (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine) levels were decreased and gene expression of monoamine oxidase (mao) involved in neurotransmitter metabolism was upregulated at the transcription level after OTC exposure. Because triiodothyronine (T3) levels were enhanced following exposure to OTC, we speculated that T3 may mediate OTC damage to the nervous system. Our simulated molecular docking analysis showed that OTC combined with the sodium iodide cotransporter protein may result in excessive T3 synthesis. We further exposed zebrafish to T3, and they exhibited similar behaviour to the OTC exposure group. In conclusion, environmental OTC may activate monoamine oxidase and enhance the metabolism of monoaminergic neurotransmitters via T3, thereby inducing abnormal neurobehaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Qiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kan Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoping Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Weiye Wang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lisu Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Eckert A, Galler A, Papsch M, Hess M, Holder M, Döing C, Bierkamp-Christophersen D, Hammer E, Pappa A, Lanzinger S. Are psychiatric disorders associated with thyroid hormone therapy in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes? J Diabetes 2021; 13:562-571. [PMID: 33325120 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the association between thyroid autoimmunity and psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, eating disorder, schizophrenia or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (11-25 years). METHODS We compared 9368 type 1 diabetes patients with thyroid autoimmunity (3789 of them treated with levothyroxine) with 62 438 type 1 diabetes patients without any thyroid disease from a multicentre diabetes patient follow-up registry (DPV) in terms of psychiatric disorders. Thyroid autoimmunity was defined as documented diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis or positive antibodies against thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios for the respective psychiatric disorders in type 1 diabetes patients with thyroid autoimmunity (overall and stratified by levothyroxine therapy) compared to type 1 diabetes patients without thyroid diseases (reference). RESULTS Of the 9368 patients with thyroid autoimmunity, 62% were female with a median (Q1-Q3) age of 16.3 (14.2-17.6) years. Thyroid autoimmunity (with or without levothyroxine therapy) revealed a slight, but significant higher chance for depression (odds ratio [OR], 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19, 1.52), eating disorder (OR, 1.25, CI, 1.03, 1.51), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.22, CI, 1.07, 1.39) and schizophrenia (OR, 1.63, CI, 1.04, 2.56). In individuals with prescribed levothyroxine therapy because of thyroid dysfunction significantly higher odds for depression (OR, 1.63, CI, 1.34, 1.99), anxiety (OR, 1.60, CI, 1.18, 2.18), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.71, CI, 1.38, 2.12) were observed compared to reference. Thyroid autoimmunity without required levothyroxine therapy revealed no differences to the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Patients on levothyroxine had significantly higher odds for psychiatric disorders, but thyroid autoimmunity in terms of high antibody levels only did not show higher odds for any psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eckert
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angela Galler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Berlin Institute of Health, Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Papsch
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Marienhospital GmbH, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Melanie Hess
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology/Diabetology, University Childrens Hospital Beider Basel UKBB, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Holder
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and-Diabetology, Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Döing
- Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Elke Hammer
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Catholic Childrens Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angeliki Pappa
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lanzinger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Niiyama T, Kuroiwa M, Yoshioka Y, Kitahara Y, Shuto T, Kakuma T, Ohta K, Nakamura KI, Nishi A, Noda M. Sex Differences in Dendritic Spine Formation in the Hippocampus and Animal Behaviors in a Mouse Model of Hyperthyroidism. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:268. [PMID: 33192304 PMCID: PMC7533561 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are critical for the regulation of development and differentiation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously reported the sex-dependent changes of glial morphology in the brain under the state of hyperthyroidism. Here, we examined sex-dependent changes in spine structure of granule neurons in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus in male and female mice with hyperthyroidism. Using FIB/SEM (focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy), three-dimensional reconstructed structures of dendritic spines in dentate granule cells were analyzed. Dendritic spine density in granule cells increased significantly in both male and female mice with hyperthyroidism. The decrease in spine volume was observed only in female mice. These findings suggest that hyperthyroidism induces the formation of spines with normal size in male mice but the formation of spines with small size in female mice. To evaluate an outcome of neuronal and previously observed glial changes, behavioral tests were performed. Male mice with hyperthyroidism showed increased locomotor activity in the open field test, while female mice showed elevated immobility time in the tail suspension test, reflecting depression-like behavior. Although direct link between changes in spine and behavioral modifications requires further analysis, our results may help to understand gender-dependent neurological and psychological symptoms observed in patients with hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Niiyama
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mahomi Kuroiwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yusaku Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kitahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takahide Shuto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Ohta
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Mami Noda
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Curtis SW, Terrell ML, Jacobson MH, Cobb DO, Jiang VS, Neblett MF, Gerkowicz SA, Spencer JB, Marder ME, Barr DB, Conneely KN, Smith AK, Marcus M. Thyroid hormone levels associate with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls in adults exposed as children. Environ Health 2019; 18:75. [PMID: 31443693 PMCID: PMC6708149 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Michigan residents were directly exposed to endocrine-disrupting compounds, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to certain endocrine-disrupting compounds may affect thyroid function, especially in people exposed as children, but there are conflicting observations. In this study, we extend previous work by examining age of exposure's effect on the relationship between PBB exposure and thyroid function in a large group of individuals exposed to PBB. METHODS Linear regression models were used to test the association between serum measures of thyroid function (total thyroxine (T4), total triiodothyronine (T3), free T4, free T3, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and free T3: free T4 ratio) and serum PBB and PCB levels in a cross-sectional analysis of 715 participants in the Michigan PBB Registry. RESULTS Higher PBB levels were associated with many thyroid hormones measures, including higher free T3 (p = 0.002), lower free T4 (p = 0.01), and higher free T3: free T4 ratio (p = 0.0001). Higher PCB levels were associated with higher free T4 (p = 0.0002), and higher free T3: free T4 ratio (p = 0.002). Importantly, the association between PBB and thyroid hormones was dependent on age at exposure. Among people exposed before age 16 (N = 446), higher PBB exposure was associated with higher total T3 (p = 0.01) and free T3 (p = 0.0003), lower free T4 (p = 0.04), and higher free T3: free T4 ratio (p = 0.0001). No significant associations were found among participants who were exposed after age 16. No significant associations were found between TSH and PBB or PCB in any of the analyses conducted. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that both PBB and PCB are associated with thyroid function, particularly among those who were exposed as children or prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Curtis
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Metrecia L. Terrell
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Melanie H. Jacobson
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Dawayland O. Cobb
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Victoria S. Jiang
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Michael F. Neblett
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Sabrina A. Gerkowicz
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jessica B. Spencer
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Marder
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle NE, Ste 2205A, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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