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Deng J, Wu L, Wei S, Zhang X. Atypical anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome presenting with vomiting as the initial symptom: a case report and literature review. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:170. [PMID: 37106331 PMCID: PMC10134605 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome is a rare autoimmune neuropathy, and atypical cases are even more rare, only a few cases have been reported. Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome is difficult in early diagnosis and prone to misdiagnosis. Generally,in children with anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome,extraocular muscle paralysis is the initial symptom. However, anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome with vomiting as the initial symptom followed by abnormal gait has not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a case of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome with vomiting as the initial symptom, followed by abnormal gait. One day after vomiting, the child developed abnormal gait, which primarily manifested as a slight tilt of the upper body during walking as well as an opening and swaying of the legs at fast walking paces,then progressively aggravated, and finally he could not stand on his own.In the auxiliary examination, cerebrospinal fluid routine,biochemical and metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (DNA and RNA), brain + spinal cord contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),magnetic Resonance angiography (MRA) and diffusion-weighted image (DWI), hip and knee joint ultrasound showed normal results. Anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome was not confirmed until the positive anti-GQ1b IgG antibody was detected in the serum. After treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoid, the child recovered well, and a 3-month outpatient follow-up showed that the child was able to walk normally. CONCLUSIONS There are no previous reports of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome with vomiting as the initial symptom, followed by abnormal gait. Therefore, this valuable case contributes to expanding the database of clinical manifestation of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome, so as to improve pediatricians' awareness about such rare diseases and reduce misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Hengyang Medical School,University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wu
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Hengyang Medical School,University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Songqing Wei
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Hengyang Medical School,University of South China, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaofo Zhang
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Hengyang Medical School,University of South China, Changsha, China
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2
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Singh K, Lohiya S, Chaudhary R, Lakra M, Damke S. A Rare Case of Guillain–Barré Syndrome with Signs of Meningeal Irritation and Treatment-Related Fluctuations/Relapse. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractGuillain–Barré Syndrome is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that can present at any age. The presentation of Guillain–Barré syndrome may be variable as the classic symptoms of areflexia and flaccid paralysis may or may not be present. Here we reported a case of a 15-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of weakness in bilateral lower limbs with inability to sit along with slurred speech and drooling of saliva with positive meningeal signs like neck stiffness and Kernig's sign. His symptoms improved with immunoglobulin therapy. Five days later, the child again had pain and increased weakness with increased work of breathing for which repeat dose and course of immunoglobulins were given. As patients with signs of meningeal irritation may suggest other diseases such as meningitis, it is important to consider atypical cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome along with treatment-related fluctuations as observed in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sham Lohiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Richa Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahaveer Lakra
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin Damke
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Keh RYS, Shah S, Lilleker JB, Lavin T, Morrow J, Carr AS, Lunn MP. Pragmatic guide to peripheral nerve disease and the role of clinical biomarkers. Pract Neurol 2022; 22:pn-2022-003438. [PMID: 35850979 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2022-003438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In clinical neurology practice, there are few sensitive, specific and responsive serological biomarkers reflecting pathological processes affecting the peripheral nervous system. Instead, we rely on surrogate multimodality biomarkers for diagnosis and management. Correct use and interpretation of the available tests is essential to ensure that appropriate treatments are used and adjusted in a timely fashion. The incorrect application or interpretation of biomarkers can result in misdiagnosis and delays in appropriate treatment. Here, we discuss the uses and limitations of such biomarkers and discuss possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Yann Shern Keh
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sachit Shah
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James B Lilleker
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tim Lavin
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jasper Morrow
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aisling S Carr
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael P Lunn
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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4
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Patnaik AP, Mininni J, Porter NC, Morris NA. A Severe Course of Relapsing-Remitting Acute-Onset Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy in a Young Man. Case Rep Neurol 2021; 13:73-77. [PMID: 33708097 PMCID: PMC7923717 DOI: 10.1159/000511956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP) is an immune mediated neuropathy characterized by progressive weakness and sensory impairment lasting over 2 months. Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome (GBS) is an immune mediated polyneuropathy with a similar presentation often over less than 4 weeks. While some have argued for the existence of recurrent GBS, most classify the syndrome as a form of relapsing-remitting CIDP. However, there are cases of GBS with treatment-related fluctuations that must be distinguished from A-CIDP as patients with A-CIDP require long-term immunotherapy. In this case report, we discuss a patient with multiple relapses over 3 years, who is more likely to have A-CIDP. His ganglioside profile, which has rarely been reported in A-CIDP, included high concentrations of anti-GM1, anti-GD1a, and anti-GD1b antibodies, which may account for his severe disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Patnaik
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Mininni
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neil C Porter
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas A Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Van Den Tooren H, Ellul MA, Davies NW, Easton A, Vincent A, Solomon T, Michael BD. Standing on the shoulders of giants: 100 years of neurology and epidemic infections. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:1129-1131. [PMID: 32958721 PMCID: PMC7569382 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-324366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harriett Van Den Tooren
- Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- Medicine, Hull University Teaching Hospital, Hull, UK
| | - Mark A Ellul
- Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR HPRU for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Ava Easton
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
- Encephalitis Society, Malton, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - Angela Vincent
- Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Solomon
- Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR HPRU for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benedict Daniel Michael
- Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR HPRU for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Infection Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Liverpool, UK
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6
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Fujii T, Yamasaki R, Iinuma K, Tsuchimoto D, Hayashi Y, Saitoh BY, Matsushita T, Kido MA, Aishima S, Nakanishi H, Nakabeppu Y, Kira JI. A Novel Autoantibody against Plexin D1 in Patients with Neuropathic Pain. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:208-224. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | - Kyoko Iinuma
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | - Daisuke Tsuchimoto
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | - Ban-yu Saitoh
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | - Takuya Matsushita
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | - Mizuho A. Kido
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; Saga University; Saga
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Yasuda Women's University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
| | - Jun-ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka
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7
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Favoni V, Liguori R, Incensi A, Fileccia E, Donadio V. The incidental finding of elevated anti GQ1B antibodies in a patient with selective small fiber neuropathy. J Neurol Sci 2018; 388:192-194. [PMID: 29627021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) selectively affects small diameter sensory and/or autonomic axons. Pain and autonomic dysfunctions are the most common symptoms. SFN occurs in several autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies against neuronal proteins may play a role in SFN pathophysiology. Anti-GQ1b antibody has been associated with Miller Fisher syndrome, Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis, acute ophthalmoplegia, pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness and peripheral neuropathy involving large fibers. Isolated SFN associated with anti-GQ1b antibodies has not been previously reported. Here we report a 45-year-old woman presenting with highly positive anti-GQ1b titer and selective SFN without central nervous system or peripheral large nerve involvement. She improved upon administration of adalizumab. Further studies will clarify a possible pathogenetic role of antiganglioside antibodies in SFN. Moreover, the recognition of antiganglioside antibodies in SFN may have therapeutic consequences with patients who would benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Favoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Rocco Liguori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alex Incensi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Fileccia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Donadio
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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Miyaji K, Paul F, Shahrizaila N, Umapathi T, Yuki N. Autoantibodies to tetraspanins (CD9, CD81 and CD82) in demyelinating diseases. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 291:78-81. [PMID: 26857499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanin family proteins, CD9, CD81 and CD82 are expressed in the oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. We investigated autoantibodies to tetraspanin proteins in patients with demyelinating diseases. Sera were collected from 119 multiple sclerosis patients, 19 neuromyelitis optica, 42 acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 23 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and 13 acute motor axonal neuropathy as well as 55 healthy controls. Few multiple sclerosis and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy patients had autoantibodies that were weakly reactive to CD9 or CD81 but the significance is unclear. It is unlikely that these autoantibodies are pathogenic or serve as potential biomarkers in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Miyaji
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nortina Shahrizaila
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nobuhiro Yuki
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Koga M, Takahashi M, Yokoyama K, Kanda T. Ambiguous value of anti-ganglioside IgM autoantibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome and its variants. J Neurol 2015; 262:1954-60. [PMID: 26050638 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anti-ganglioside autoantibodies of the IgG type are detected in a half of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), and their detection strongly supports the diagnosis of GBS. In contrast, anti-ganglioside IgM antibodies are also often detected in GBS patients, but it remains unclear whether IgM antibodies indicate a diagnosis of GBS. We identified four GBS patients (3.3%) who tested positive for IgM antibodies but negative for IgG antibodies among 122 patients with GBS and its variants. These four patients were all adolescents or young adults (age 13-22 years), experienced preceding gastrointestinal symptoms, and had serological and/or bacterial evidence of recent Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. Serum IgG reacted strongly with the lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) of the C. jejuni isolates from these patients' stool specimens. Thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining showed that their serum IgG reacted with resorcinol-positive portion of LOS, suggesting that these patients had IgG autoantibodies against sialic acid-containing epitopes, probably unrecognized ganglioside-like structures on the bacterial LOS. We also examined anti-ganglioside autoantibodies in 22 patients with C. jejuni enteritis without subsequent neurological disorders and detected IgM antibodies in seven (32%) patients. Our data indicate that anti-ganglioside IgM antibodies can be detected in C. jejuni enteritis without complication of GBS, and that the detection of anti-ganglioside IgM antibodies does not always support a diagnosis of GBS. IgG autoantibodies against unrecognized gangliosides might play a role in the development of disease in patients with GBS in whom only anti-ganglioside IgM antibodies are detected by routine clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Koga
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minami-kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan,
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