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Multiple Sclerosis in sub-Saharan Africa – a scoping review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 42:102133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Trotter A, Anstadt E, Clark RB, Nichols F, Dwivedi A, Aung K, Cervantes JL. The role of phospholipase A2 in multiple Sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 27:206-213. [PMID: 30412818 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are a diverse group of enzymes that cleave the fatty acids of membrane phospholipids. They play critical roles in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis by enhancing oxidative stress and initiating inflammation. The levels of PLA2 activity in MS patients compared to controls and role of inhibiting PLA2 activity on severity scores in different experimental models are not comprehensively assessed in the light of varying evidence from published studies. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the association between PLA2 activity and multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We performed a systematic review of six studies that assessed PLA2 activity in MS patients compared to controls and nine studies that assessed PLA2 activity in EAE. sPLA2 nor Lp-PLA2 activity were not increased in MS compared to controls in five of those six studies. A difference in sPLA2 activity was only found in a study that measured the enzyme activity in urine. However, inhibiting cPLA2 or sPLA2 led to lower clinical severity or no signs of EAE in mice, and a lower incidence of EAE lesions compared to animals without cPLA2 inhibition. These findings indicate that PLA2 appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Trotter
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Emily Anstadt
- Department of Immunology, and Department of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Robert B Clark
- Department of Immunology, and Department of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Frank Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Alok Dwivedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Koko Aung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jorge L Cervantes
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA; Department of Medical Education, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
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