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Di Cosola M, Spirito F, Zhurakivska K, Nocini R, Lovero R, Sembronio S, Santacroce L, Brauner E, Storto G, Lo Muzio L, Cazzolla AP. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Role of dentist in early diagnosis. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1699-1704. [PMID: 36382053 PMCID: PMC9616050 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder characterized by an impairment of steroid synthesis due to an altered production of 21-hydroxylase enzyme. Corticoid hormones are involved in the development and functioning of many organs. The aim of the present study was to review the international literature to collect data regarding oral manifestations of CAH. A review of the literature describing oral features of patients affected by CAH was performed using electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus). The data about number of patients, form of CAH, and oral findings were extracted and analyzed. Seven studies were included in the final analysis. The principal findings reported regarded an advanced dental development observed in patients with CAH. One paper reported amelogenesis imperfecta and periodontal issues. The dentist could be the first specialist involved in the CAH syndrome diagnosis, identifying the characteristic features described above, especially for the classical simple virilizing and non-classical form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Cosola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Francesca Spirito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana,” University of Salerno , Via Allende, 84081 , Baronissi (SA) , Italy
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- ENT Department, University of Verona , 37100 , Verona , Italy
| | - Roberto Lovero
- Clinical Pathology Unit, AOU Policlinico Consorziale di Bari - Ospedale Giovanni XXIII , 70124 , Bari , Italy
| | - Salvatore Sembronio
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Udine, Academic Hospital “Santa Maria della Misericordia,” , 33100 , Udine , Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, University Hospital of Bari, Università degli Studi di Bari , 70124 , Bari , Italy
| | - Edoardo Brauner
- Department of Dental and Maxillary Facial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome , 00185 , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Storto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regional Cancer Hospital CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , 85028 , Potenza , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Angela Pia Cazzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia , Italy
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