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Uliana V, Ambrosini E, Taiani A, Cesarini S, Cannizzaro IR, Negrotti A, Serra W, Quintavalle G, Micale L, Fusco C, Castori M, Martorana D, Bortesi B, Belli L, Percesepe A, Pisani F, Barili V. Phenotypic Expansion of Autosomal Dominant LZTR1-Related Disorders with Special Emphasis on Adult-Onset Features. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:916. [PMID: 39062695 PMCID: PMC11276570 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine zipper-like transcription regulator 1 (LZTR1) acts as a negative factor that suppresses RAS function and MAPK signaling; mutations in this protein may dysregulate RAS ubiquitination and lead to impaired degradation of RAS superfamily proteins. Germline LZTR1 variants are reported in Noonan syndrome, either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, and in susceptibility to schwannomatosis. This article explores the genetic and phenotypic diversity of the autosomal dominant LZTR1-related disorders, compiling a cohort of previously published patients (51 with the Noonan phenotype and 123 with schwannomatosis) and presenting two additional adult-onset cases: a male with schwannomatosis and Parkinson's disease and a female with Noonan syndrome, generalized joint hypermobility, and breast cancer. This review confirms that autosomal dominant LZTR1-related disorders exhibit an extreme phenotypic variability, ranging from relatively mild manifestations to severe and multi-systemic involvement, and offers updated frequences of each clinical feature. The aim is to precisely define the clinical spectrum of LZTR1-related diseases, using also two new emblematic clinical cases. Gaining insight into the mechanisms underneath this variability is crucial to achieve precision diagnostics and the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Uliana
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Ambrosini
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonietta Taiani
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy (D.M.)
| | - Sofia Cesarini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy (D.M.)
| | - Ilenia Rita Cannizzaro
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy (D.M.)
| | - Anna Negrotti
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Walter Serra
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Quintavalle
- Regional Reference Centre for Inherited Bleeding Disorders, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Micale
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini snc, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Carmela Fusco
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini snc, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini snc, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Martorana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy (D.M.)
| | - Beatrice Bortesi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Belli
- Neurosurgery Unit, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy (D.M.)
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy (D.M.)
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Palacios-Diaz RD, Pozuelo-Ruiz M, De Unamuno-Bustos B, Llavador-Ros M, Botella-Estrada R. Melanoma and LEOPARD Syndrome: Understanding the Role of PTPN11 Mutations in Melanomagenesis. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv14720. [PMID: 38189222 PMCID: PMC10789164 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica Pozuelo-Ruiz
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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3
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Feng B, Li X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Gu S, Yao RE, Li Z, Gao S, Chang G, Li Q, Li N, Fu L, Wang J, Wang X. Molecular and phenotypic spectrum of cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome in Chinese patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:284. [PMID: 37697378 PMCID: PMC10496309 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a RASopathy subtype that presents with unique craniofacial dysmorphology, congenital heart disease, dermatologic abnormalities, growth retardation, and intellectual disability. This study describes the phenotypic spectrum of CFC in China and its association with CFC syndrome gene variants. RESULTS Twenty Chinese CFC patients, aged 0.6-9.5 years old, were included in this study and their clinical phenotypic spectrum was compared with that of 186 patients with CFC from non-Chinese ethnicities. All 20 Chinese patients with CFC carried de novo heterozygous BRAF, MAP2K1, and MAP2K2 variants. Two novel variants were detected and consistently predicted to be deleterious using bioinformatic tools. The clinical features of CFC in the Chinese patients included hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (2/20, 10%), pulmonary valve stenosis (2/20, 10%), curly or sparse hair (7/20, 35%), epilepsy (1/20, 5%), and hypotonia (10/20, 50%); these features were less frequently observed in Chinese patients than non-Chinese patients (p < 0.05). In contrast, feeding difficulties (19/20, 95%) were more frequently observed in the Chinese patients. Absent eyebrows and severe short stature were more common in patients with BRAF variants than in those with MAP2K1/2 variants. Facial recognition software was used to recognize most CFC patients using artificial intelligence. CONCLUSION This study identified novel and common variants in our cohort of 20 Chinese patients with CFC. We uncovered differences in clinical features between Chinese and non-Chinese patients and detected genotype-phenotype correlations among the BRAF and MAP2K1/2 variant subgroups. This is the largest cohort of Chinese CFC patients to our knowledge, providing new insights into a subtype of RASopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Yirou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Shili Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Ru-en Yao
- Department of Genetic Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Shiyang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Guoying Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Niu Li
- Department of Genetic Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Lijun Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Genetic Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
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Fernández DI, Diender M, Hermida-Nogueira L, Huang J, Veiras S, Henskens YMC, Te Loo MWM, Heemskerk JWM, Kuijpers MJE, García Á. Role of SHP2 (PTPN11) in glycoprotein VI-dependent thrombus formation: Improved platelet responsiveness by the allosteric drug SHP099 in Noonan syndrome patients. Thromb Res 2023; 228:105-116. [PMID: 37302266 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (PTPN11) is a negative regulator of glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-induced platelet signal under certain conditions. Clinical trials with derivatives of the allosteric drug SHP099, inhibiting SHP2, are ongoing as potential therapy for solid cancers. Gain-of-function mutations of the PTPN11 gene are observed in part of the patients with the Noonan syndrome, associated with a mild bleeding disorder. Assessment of the effects of SHP2 inhibition in platelets from controls and Noonan syndrome patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Washed human platelets were incubated with SHP099 and stimulated with collagen-related peptide (CRP) for stirred aggregation and flow cytometric measurements. Whole-blood microfluidics assays using a dosed collagen and tissue factor coating were performed to assess shear-dependent thrombus and fibrin formation. Effects on clot formation were evaluated by thromboelastometry. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 did not alter GPVI-dependent platelet aggregation under stirring, but it enhanced integrin αIIbβ3 activation in response to CRP. Using whole-blood microfluidics, SHP099 increased the thrombus buildup on collagen surfaces. In the presence of tissue factor and coagulation, SHP099 increased thrombus size and reduced time to fibrin formation. Blood from PTPN11-mutated Noonan syndrome patients, with low platelet responsiveness, after ex vivo treatment with SHP099 showed a normalized platelet function. In thromboelastometry, SHP2 inhibition tended to increase tissue factor-induced blood clotting profiles with tranexamic acid, preventing fibrinolysis. CONCLUSION Pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 by the allosteric drug SHP099 enhances GPVI-induced platelet activation under shear conditions with a potential to improve platelet functions of Noonan syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I Fernández
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marije Diender
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Amalia children's hospital, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lidia Hermida-Nogueira
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jingnan Huang
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; ISAS Leibniz-Institut fur Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonia Veiras
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yvonne M C Henskens
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Unit for Hemostasis and Transfusion, Maastricht University Medical Centre(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maroeska W M Te Loo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Amalia children's hospital, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Synapse Research Institute, Kon. Emmaplein 7, 6217 KD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke J E Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands; Thrombosis Expertise Centre, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ángel García
- Platelet Proteomics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Cipri S, Del Baldo G, Fabozzi F, Boccuto L, Carai A, Mastronuzzi A. Unlocking the power of precision medicine for pediatric low-grade gliomas: molecular characterization for targeted therapies with enhanced safety and efficacy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1204829. [PMID: 37397394 PMCID: PMC10311254 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1204829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade significant advancements have been made in the discovery of targetable lesions in pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs). These tumors account for 30-50% of all pediatric brain tumors with generally a favorable prognosis. The latest 2021 WHO classification of pLGGs places a strong emphasis on molecular characterization for significant implications on prognosis, diagnosis, management, and the potential target treatment. With the technological advances and new applications in molecular diagnostics, the molecular characterization of pLGGs has revealed that tumors that appear similar under a microscope can have different genetic and molecular characteristics. Therefore, the new classification system divides pLGGs into several distinct subtypes based on these characteristics, enabling a more accurate strategy for diagnosis and personalized therapy based on the specific genetic and molecular abnormalities present in each tumor. This approach holds great promise for improving outcomes for patients with pLGGs, highlighting the importance of the recent breakthroughs in the discovery of targetable lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Cipri
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabozzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics Program, School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Andrea Carai
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Dalili S, Hoseini Nouri SA, Bayat R, Koohmanaee S, Tabrizi M, Zarkesh M, Tarang A, Mahdieh N. Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome and growth deficiency in an Iranian girl due to a pathogenic variant in NF1 gene. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:12. [PMID: 36803953 PMCID: PMC9940353 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in NF1 gene could cause allelic disorders with clinical spectrum of Neurofibromatosis type 1 to Noonan syndrome. Here, a 7-year-old Iranian girl is described with Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome due to a pathogenic variant in NF1 gene. METHODS Clinical evaluations were performed along with genetic testing using whole exome sequencing (WES). The variant analysis including pathogenicity prediction was also done using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS The chief compliant of the patient was short stature and lack of proper weight gain. Other symptoms were developmental delay, learning disability, inadequate speech skill, broad forehead, hypertelorism, and epicanthal folds, low set ears and webbed neck. A small deletion, c.4375-4377delGAA, was found in NF1 gene using WES. This variant was classified as pathogenic according to ACMG. CONCLUSIONS NF1 variants may show variable phenotypes among the patients; identifying such variants is helpful in therapeutic management of the disease. WES is considered as an appropriate test to diagnose Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setila Dalili
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Reza Bayat
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shahin Koohmanaee
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Manijeh Tabrizi
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marjaneh Zarkesh
- grid.411874.f0000 0004 0571 1549Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Tarang
- grid.473705.20000 0001 0681 7351Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - Nejat Mahdieh
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Aukema SM, Glaser S, van den Hout MFCM, Dahlum S, Blok MJ, Hillmer M, Kolarova J, Sciot R, Schott DA, Siebert R, Stumpel CTRM. Molecular characterization of an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma occurring in a patient with Kabuki syndrome: report and literature review in the light of tumor predisposition syndromes. Fam Cancer 2023; 22:103-118. [PMID: 35856126 PMCID: PMC9829644 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-022-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is a well-recognized syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphism and developmental delay/intellectual disability and in the majority of patients a germline variant in KMT2D is found. As somatic KMT2D variants can be found in 5-10% of tumors a tumor predisposition in Kabuki syndrome is discussed. So far less than 20 patients with Kabuki syndrome and a concomitant malignancy have been published. Here we report on a female patient with Kabuki syndrome and a c.2558_2559delCT germline variant in KMT2D who developed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) at 10 years. On tumor tissue we performed DNA-methylation profiling and exome sequencing (ES). Copy number analyses revealed aneuploidies typical for ERMS including (partial) gains of chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 8, 12, 15, and 20 and 3 focal deletions of chromosome 11p. DNA methylation profiling mapped the case to ERMS by a DNA methylation-based sarcoma classifier. Sequencing suggested gain of the wild-type KMT2D allele in the trisomy 12. Including our patient literature review identified 18 patients with Kabuki syndrome and a malignancy. Overall, the landscape of malignancies in patients with Kabuki syndrome was reminiscent of that of the pediatric population in general. Histopathological and molecular data were only infrequently reported and no report included next generation sequencing and/or DNA-methylation profiling. Although we found no strong arguments pointing towards KS as a tumor predisposition syndrome, based on the small numbers any relation cannot be fully excluded. Further planned studies including profiling of additional tumors and long term follow-up of KS-patients into adulthood could provide further insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietse M Aukema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Selina Glaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mari F C M van den Hout
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Dahlum
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marinus J Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Morten Hillmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Kolarova
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Raf Sciot
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, University of Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Dina A Schott
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Constance T R M Stumpel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Noonan syndrome associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:652-654. [PMID: 35989466 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome is an inherited disorder caused by alterations in the RAS-MAPK pathway. There have been several identified genotype-phenotype associations made with respect to congenital cardiac lesions and Noonan syndrome variants, but limited data exist regarding single ventricle disease in this population. Here, we report two patients with PTPN11-related Noonan syndrome and hypoplastic left heart syndrome variants.
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Rohrer TR, Abuzzahab J, Backeljauw P, Birkegård AC, Blair J, Dahlgren J, Júlíusson PB, Ostrow V, Pietropoli A, Polak M, Romano A, Ross J, Sävendahl L, Miller BS. Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Childhood Growth Hormone Treatment in Noonan Syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 93:380-395. [PMID: 33440388 DOI: 10.1159/000512429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few data exist on long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment in patients with Noonan syndrome (NS). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of GH treatment in NS in clinical practice. METHODS Height gain, near-adult height (NAH), and safety were assessed in 2 complementary non-interventional studies: NordiNet® IOS and ANSWER. The safety analysis included 412 patients, and the effectiveness analysis included 84 GH-treated patients (male, n = 67) with ≥4 years' height standard deviation score (HSDS) data. HSDS was determined using national reference (NR) and NS-specific (NSS) data. RESULTS The mean (SD) baseline age was 8.38 (3.57) years; HSDS, -2.76 (1.03); GH dose, 41.6 (11.1) µg/kg/day. The mean (SD) HSDS increase from baseline (ΔHSDS) was 0.49 (0.37) (first year), 0.79 (0.58) (second year), and 1.01 (0.60) (third year) (NR). The mean (SD) HSDS at year 3 was -1.66 (1.00) (NR; 1.06 [1.12] [NSS]). Twenty-four patients achieved NAH. The mean (SD) NAH SDS (NR) was -1.51 (0.60) (154.90 [3.21] cm) in females and -1.79 (1.09) (165.61 [7.19] cm) in males; 70.8% (17/24) had NAH SDS ≥ -2. Adverse drug reactions and GH-unrelated serious adverse events (n = 34) were reported in 22/412 (5.3%) patients. Four neoplasms and 3 cases of scoliosis were reported; no cardiovascular adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS GH-treated children with NS achieved substantial height gain during the first 3 years of follow-up. Overall, 24 patients achieved NAH, with 70.8% having NAH SDS ≥ -2. There was no evidence to support a higher prevalence of neoplasm, or cardiac or other comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman R Rohrer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany,
| | - Jennifer Abuzzahab
- Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Children's Hospital & Clinics of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Philippe Backeljauw
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Joanne Blair
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Paediatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson
- Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health Registry Research and Development, National Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vlady Ostrow
- Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alberto Pietropoli
- Global Medical Affairs, Novo Nordisk Health Care AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel Polak
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Gynaecology Department, Necker Children's University Hospital, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Romano
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Judith Ross
- Nemours DuPont Hospital for Children and Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lars Sävendahl
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Women´s and Children´s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bradley S Miller
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Jabalameli MR, Briceno I, Martinez J, Briceno I, Pengelly RJ, Ennis S, Collins A. Aarskog-Scott syndrome: phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. AIMS GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/genet.2016.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare developmental disorder which primarily affects males and has a relative prevalence of 1 in 25,000 in the general population. AAS patients usually present with developmental complications including short stature and facial, skeletal and urogenital anomalies. The spectrum of genotype-phenotype correlations in AAS is unclear and mutations of the FGD1 gene on the proximal short arm of chromosome X account for only 20% of the incidence of the disorder. Failure to identify pathogenic variants in patients referred for FGD1 screening suggests heterogeneity underlying pathophysiology of the condition. Furthermore, overlapping features of AAS with several other developmental disorders increase the complexity of diagnosis. Cytoskeletal signaling may be involved in the pathophysiology of AAS. The FGD1 protein family has a role in activation of CDC42 (Cell Division Control protein 42 homolog) which has a core function in remodeling of extracellular matrix and the transcriptional activation of many modulators of development. Therefore, mutations in components in the EGFR1 (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1) signaling pathway, to which CDC42 belongs, may contribute to pathophysiology. Parallel sequencing strategies (so-called next generation sequencing or high throughput sequencing) enables simultaneous production of millions of sequencing reads that enormously facilitate cost-effective identification of cryptic mutations in heterogeneous monogenic disorders. Here we review the source of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in the context of AAS and discuss the applicability of next generation sequencing for identification of novel mutations underlying AAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Reza Jabalameli
- Genetic Epidemiology & Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Julio Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Universidad de La Sabana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Briceno
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia
| | - Reuben J. Pengelly
- Genetic Epidemiology & Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Ennis
- Genetic Epidemiology & Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew Collins
- Genetic Epidemiology & Genomic Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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11
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Pediatric Myelodysplastic Syndrome With Germline RRAS Mutation: Expanding the Phenotype of RASopathies. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021; 43:e517-e520. [PMID: 32815881 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway plays a significant role in cell cycle regulation. Germline mutation of this pathway leads to overlapping genetic disorders, RASopathies, and is also an important component of tumorigenesis. Here we describe a rare case of myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 7 in a pediatric patient with a germline RRAS mutation. RRAS mutations have been implicated in the development of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, but our case suggests RRAS mutations display a broader malignant potential. Our case supports the recommendation that genetic testing should include RRAS in suspected RASopathy patients and if identified, these patients undergo surveillance for hematologic malignancy.
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12
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Apperley LJ, Ramakrishnan R, Dharmaraj P, Das U, Didi M, Blair J, Senniappan S. Effect of Growth Hormone Therapy in Patients with Noonan Syndrome: A Retrospective Study. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2020; 18:e107292. [PMID: 33613679 PMCID: PMC7887459 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noonan syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition with an incidence of 1:1000 to 1:2500. The disorder is associated with distinct dysmorphic features, cardiac anomalies, developmental delay and delayed puberty. Short stature is a recognised feature of Noonan syndrome. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess the effect of growth hormone treatment in patients with Noonan syndrome. METHODS Retrospective data was collected from patients with Noonan syndrome treated with growth hormone. The results were analysed with variables expressed as mean values and standard deviation scores. RESULTS Twelve Noonan syndrome patients (M: F = 10:2) treated with growth hormone were identified. The mean age of starting growth hormone was 8 years, with baseline height standard deviation score of -2.96 (range: -1.64 to -5.54). The height standard deviation score significantly improved to -2.50 (P = 0.0035) and then -2.22 (P = 0.0025), following one and two years of treatment, respectively. The average height velocity for the patients prior to starting treatment was 5.16cm/year (range: 2.4 - 8.2 cm/year), which significantly improved to 7.76cm/year (ranging from 4.1 to 12.8 cm/year) after one year of growth hormone treatment (P = 0.020) and to 6.51cm/year at the end of two years. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that growth hormone treatment significantly improves the height standard deviation score of patients with Noonan syndrome over a two-year course of growth hormone therapy without any side effects. Further research is required to analyse the long-term effect of growth hormone therapy in patients with Noonan syndrome, including the impact on final adult height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Jayne Apperley
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Renuka Ramakrishnan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Poonam Dharmaraj
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Urmi Das
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammed Didi
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jo Blair
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Senthil Senniappan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Corresponding Author: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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13
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Lodi M, Boccuto L, Carai A, Cacchione A, Miele E, Colafati GS, Diomedi Camassei F, De Palma L, De Benedictis A, Ferretti E, Catanzaro G, Pò A, De Luca A, Rinelli M, Lepri FR, Agolini E, Tartaglia M, Locatelli F, Mastronuzzi A. Low-Grade Gliomas in Patients with Noonan Syndrome: Case-Based Review of the Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10080582. [PMID: 32806529 PMCID: PMC7460327 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a congenital autosomic dominant condition characterized by a variable spectrum from a clinical and genetical point of view. Germline mutations in more than ten genes involved in RAS-MAPK signal pathway have been demonstrated to cause the disease. An higher risk for leukemia and solid malignancies, including brain tumors, is related to NS. A review of the published literature concerning low grade gliomas (LGGs) in NS is presented. We described also a 13-year-old girl with NS associated with a recurrent mutation in PTPN11, who developed three different types of brain tumors, i.e., an optic pathway glioma, a glioneuronal neoplasm of the left temporal lobe and a cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma. Molecular characterization of the glioneuronal tumor allowed to detect high levels of phosphorylated MTOR (pMTOR); therefore, a therapeutic approach based on an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus) was elected. The treatment was well tolerated and proved to be effective, leading to a stabilization of the tumor, which was surgical removed. The positive outcome of the present case suggests considering this approach for patients with RASopathies and brain tumors with hyperactivated MTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Lodi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
- JC Self Research Institute of the Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Antonella Cacchione
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.L.)
| | | | | | - Luca De Palma
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Alessandro De Benedictis
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (E.F.)
| | | | - Agnese Pò
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71043 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Martina Rinelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.R.L.); (E.A.)
| | - Francesca Romana Lepri
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.R.L.); (E.A.)
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (F.R.L.); (E.A.)
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.L.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Hospital, IRCCS, University La Sapienza, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0668594664; Fax: +39-0668592292
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14
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Accogli A, Scala M, Pavanello M, Severino M, Gandolfo C, De Marco P, Musacchia F, Torella A, Pinelli M, Nigro V, Capra V. Sinus pericranii, skull defects, and structural brain anomalies in TRAF7-related disorder. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1085-1092. [PMID: 32459067 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several somatic mutations in TRAF7 have been reported in cancers, whereas a few germline heterozygous mutations have been recently linked to a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by craniofacial dysmorphisms, congenital heart defects, and digital anomalies. CASES We report two subjects harboring de novo heterozygous missense variants in TRAF7, namely the recurrent 1964G>A(p.Arg655Gln) and the novel missense c.1204C>G(p.Leu402Val) variants. In addition to the typical hallmarks of the TRAF7-related disorder, both subjects presented with a recognizable "pear-shaped" skull due to multiple craniosynostosis, sinus pericranii, skull base/cranio-cervical junction anomalies, dysgyria, and inferior cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Hence, we expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of this neurodevelopmental disorder, discussing possible implications for clinical management of subjects with germline TRAF7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Pavanello
- UOC Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Gandolfo
- Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Annalaura Torella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Pinelli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Medical Genetics, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Capra
- UOC Neurosurgery, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Jacquinet A, Bonnard A, Capri Y, Martin D, Sadzot B, Bianchi E, Servais L, Sacré JP, Cavé H, Verloes A. Oligo-astrocytoma in LZTR1-related Noonan syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Ranke MB, Lindberg A, Carlsson M, Camacho-Hübner C, Rooman R. Treatment with Growth Hormone in Noonan Syndrome Observed during 25 Years of KIGS: Near Adult Height and Outcome Prediction. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 91:46-55. [PMID: 30939478 DOI: 10.1159/000498859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is little information how rhGH treatment affects height in NS. This study aims to analyze data from the NS patients assembled in KIGS over 25 years. PATIENTS/METHODS Of 613 (389 m/224 f) NS patients documented, 476 (302 m/174 f) were treated for 1 year, 237 (160 m/77 f) of which served to develop a 1st year height velocity (HV) prediction algorithm. One-hundred and forty (74 m/66 f) had reached near adult height (NAH). Factors affecting NAH on rhGH were determined. RESULTS At the start of rhGH, the NAH groups were (median, m, f) 11.0 and 10.3 years, with a height SDS of -3.2 and -3.8 SDS (Prader), respectively. The total gain after 6.3 and 5.6 years on rhGH (0.27 and 0.30 mg/kg/week) was 1.2 and 1.3 SDS. Age at the start of rhGH (negative), height at the start of rhGH, rhGH dose, number of rhGH injections/wk and birth weight (all positive) explained 36% of the variability of 1st year HV. Height at the start of rhGH, 1st year growth on rhGH, birth weight, and gender explained 74% of the variability of NAH. Causes for rhGH treatment discontinuation and adverse events were also analyzed. CONCLUSION rhGH treatment increases NAH in NS. Prediction algorithms may optimize treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ranke
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany,
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17
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Cohen S, Gurvitz MZ, Beauséjour-Ladouceur V, Lawler PR, Therrien J, Marelli AJ. Cancer Risk in Congenital Heart Disease-What Is the Evidence? Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1750-1761. [PMID: 31813507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) has improved, the risk for developing noncardiac morbidities is increasing in adult patients with CHD (ACHD). Among these noncardiac complications, malignancies significantly contribute to the disease burden of ACHD patients. Epidemiologic studies of cancer risk in CHD patients are challenging because they require large numbers of patients, extended follow-up, detailed and validated clinical data, and appropriate reference populations. However, several observational studies suggest that cancer risks are significantly elevated in patients with CHD compared with the general population. CHD and cancer share genetic and environmental risk factors. An association with exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation secondary to medical therapeutic or diagnostic procedures has been reported. Patients with Down syndrome, as well as, to a lesser extent, deletion of 22q11.2 and renin-angiotensin system pathologies, may manifest both CHD and a predisposition to cancer. Such observations suggest that carcinogenesis and CHD may share a common basis in some cases. Finally, specific conditions, such as Fontan circulation and cyanotic CHD, may lead to multisystem consequences and subsequently to cancer. Nonetheless, there is currently no clear consensus regarding appropriate screening for cancer and surveillance modalities in CHD patients. Physicians caring for patients with CHD should be aware of this potential predisposition and meet screening recommendations for the general population fastidiously. An interdisciplinary and global approach is required to bridge the knowledge gap in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cohen
- Congenital Heart Diseases Department, Complex Congenital Heart Diseases M3C Network, Hospital Marie Lannelongue, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Michelle Z Gurvitz
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Patrick R Lawler
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre for Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judith Therrien
- McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease Excellence, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ariane J Marelli
- McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease Excellence, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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18
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A First Case Report of Subependymoma in PTPN11 Mutation-Associated Noonan Syndrome. Case Rep Neurol Med 2019; 2019:6091059. [PMID: 31637070 PMCID: PMC6766114 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6091059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder in some cases caused by PTPN11 mutations. Since somatic mutations in PTPN11 are seen in several tumor types, NS which causes germline PTPN11 mutations are also increase the risk of hematologic malignancies and brain solid tumors. However, the report of brain tumors in Noonan syndrome remains rather rare. Here, we report the first case of an 11-year-old Thai boy with Noonan syndrome who presented with symptoms related to hydrocephalus secondary to subependymoma in the fourth ventricle, and PTPN11 mutation was identified in this patient.
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19
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Gharesouran J, Esfahani BS, Valilou SF, Moradi M, Mousavi MH, Rezazadeh M. First Report of Congenital Short Bowel Syndrome in an Iranian Patient Caused by a Mutation in the CLMP Gene. J Pediatr Genet 2019; 8:73-80. [PMID: 31061750 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital short bowel syndrome (CSBS) is a rare congenital neonatal disorder. CSBS results from intestinal impairment during embryogenesis. Mutated CXADR-like membrane protein ( CLMP ) and Filamin A genes are involved in the cause of CSBS. In this study, due to our misdiagnosis, we had to perform whole exome sequencing on the patient, and also we implemented cosegregation analysis on his parents with consanguineous marriage and also parents' mothers. We identified a homozygous loss of function mutation in the CLMP gene in exon 5 (c.664C > T, p.R222X). Also, both parents and grandmothers of the proband were heterozygous for this mutation. Loss of function mutation in CLMP causes CSBS, leading to impaired intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Gharesouran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Division of Medical Genetics, Tabriz Children's Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Salek Esfahani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Farajzadeh Valilou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moradi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Division of Medical Genetics, Tabriz Children's Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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El-Ayadi M, Ansari M, Kühnöl CD, Bendel A, Sturm D, Pietsch T, Kramm CM, von Bueren AO. Occurrence of high-grade glioma in Noonan syndrome: Report of two cases. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27625. [PMID: 30693642 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant disorder commonly caused by PTPN11 germline mutations. Patients are characterized by short stature, congenital heart defects, facial dysmorphism, and increased risk of malignancies including brain tumors. Commonly associated brain tumors are dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and low-grade glioma. We report two cases of anaplastic astrocytoma with PTPN11-related NS. We conducted a systematic search of medical databases looking for other reported cases of high-grade glioma associated with NS and identified 24 cases of brain tumors, all of which were low-grade glial or glioneuronal tumors except for one case of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moatasem El-Ayadi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marc Ansari
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caspar D Kühnöl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Halle, Clinic and Polyclinic for Pediatrics I, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Bendel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christof M Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André O von Bueren
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatrics, CANSEARCH Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Abstract
Cell lines and animal models have provided the foundation of cancer research for many years. However, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and organoids are increasingly enabling insights into tumor development, progression, and treatment. Here, we review recent studies using hPSCs to elucidate the reciprocal roles played by genetic alterations and cell identity in cancer formation. We also review studies using human organoids as models that recapitulate both intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity to gain new insights into tumorigenesis and treatment responses. Finally, we highlight potential opportunities for cancer research using hPSC-derived organoids and genome editing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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22
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Diagnosis and Management of Noncardiac Complications in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 136:e348-e392. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy and quality of life for those born with congenital heart disease (CHD) have greatly improved over the past 3 decades. While representing a great advance for these patients, who have been able to move from childhood to successful adult lives in increasing numbers, this development has resulted in an epidemiological shift and a generation of patients who are at risk of developing chronic multisystem disease in adulthood. Noncardiac complications significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of adults with CHD. Reduced survival has been documented in patients with CHD with renal dysfunction, restrictive lung disease, anemia, and cirrhosis. Furthermore, as this population ages, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its risk factors are becoming increasingly prevalent. Disorders of psychosocial and cognitive development are key factors affecting the quality of life of these individuals. It is incumbent on physicians who care for patients with CHD to be mindful of the effects that disease of organs other than the heart may have on the well-being of adults with CHD. Further research is needed to understand how these noncardiac complications may affect the long-term outcome in these patients and what modifiable factors can be targeted for preventive intervention.
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Elson A. Stepping out of the shadows: Oncogenic and tumor-promoting protein tyrosine phosphatases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:135-147. [PMID: 28941747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for proper function of cells and organisms. Phosphorylation is regulated by the concerted but generically opposing activities of tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), which ensure its proper regulation, reversibility, and ability to respond to changing physiological situations. Historically, PTKs have been associated mainly with oncogenic and pro-tumorigenic activities, leading to the generalization that protein dephosphorylation is anti-oncogenic and hence that PTPs are tumor-suppressors. In many cases PTPs do suppress tumorigenesis. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that PTPs act as dominant oncogenes and drive cell transformation in a number of contexts, while in others PTPs support transformation that is driven by other oncogenes. This review summarizes the known transforming and tumor-promoting activities of the classical, tyrosine specific PTPs and highlights their potential as drug targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Elson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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24
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Lin FY, Bergstrom K, Person R, Bavle A, Ballester LY, Scollon S, Raesz-Martinez R, Jea A, Birchansky S, Wheeler DA, Berg SL, Chintagumpala MM, Adesina AM, Eng C, Roy A, Plon SE, Parsons DW. Integrated tumor and germline whole-exome sequencing identifies mutations in MAPK and PI3K pathway genes in an adolescent with rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2016; 2:a001057. [PMID: 27626068 PMCID: PMC5002928 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of genome-scale studies such as whole-exome sequencing (WES) into the clinical care of children with cancer has the potential to provide insight into the genetic basis of an individual's cancer with implications for clinical management. This report describes the results of clinical tumor and germline WES for a patient with a rare tumor diagnosis, rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle (RGNT). Three pathogenic gene alterations with implications for clinical care were identified: somatic activating hotspot mutations in FGFR1 (p.N546K) and PIK3CA (p.H1047R) and a germline pathogenic variant in PTPN11 (p.N308S) diagnostic for Noonan syndrome. The molecular landscape of RGNT is not well-described, but these data are consistent with prior observations regarding the importance of the interconnected MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in this rare tumor. The co-occurrence of FGFR1, PIK3CA, and PTPN11 alterations provides further evidence for consideration of RGNT as a distinct molecular entity from pediatric low-grade gliomas and suggests potential therapeutic strategies for this patient in the event of tumor recurrence as novel agents targeting these pathways enter pediatric clinical trials. Although RGNT has not been definitively linked with cancer predisposition syndromes, two prior cases have been reported in patients with RASopathies (Noonan syndrome and neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF1]), providing an additional link between these tumors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In summary, this case provides an example of the potential for genome-scale sequencing technologies to provide insight into the biology of rare tumors and yield both tumor and germline results of potential relevance to patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y Lin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Katie Bergstrom
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Richard Person
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Abhishek Bavle
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Scollon
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Robin Raesz-Martinez
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Jea
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sherri Birchansky
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stacey L Berg
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Murali M Chintagumpala
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Adekunle M Adesina
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Christine Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Angshumoy Roy
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - D Williams Parsons
- Texas Children's Cancer Center and the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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25
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van den Berg H, Schreuder WH, Jongmans M, van Bommel-Slee D, Witsenburg B, de Lange J. Multiple giant cell lesions in a patient with Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:425-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Halaban R, Krauthammer M. RASopathy Gene Mutations in Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1755-1759. [PMID: 27236105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing of melanomas has unraveled critical driver genes and genomic abnormalities, mostly defined as occurring at high frequency. In addition, less abundant mutations are present that link melanoma to a set of disorders, commonly called RASopathies. These disorders, which include neurofibromatosis and Noonan and Legius syndromes, harbor germline mutations in various RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway genes. We highlight shared amino acid substitutions between this set of RASopathy mutations and those observed in large-scale melanoma sequencing data, uncovering a significant overlap. We review the evidence that these mutations activate the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in melanoma and are involved in melanomagenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the observations that two or more RASopathy mutations often co-occur in melanoma and may act synergistically on activating the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Halaban
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Michael Krauthammer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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27
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Hernández-Porras I, Schuhmacher AJ, Garcia-Medina R, Jiménez B, Cañamero M, de Martino A, Guerra C. K-Ras(V14I) -induced Noonan syndrome predisposes to tumour development in mice. J Pathol 2016; 239:206-17. [PMID: 27174785 DOI: 10.1002/path.4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by short stature, craniofacial dysmorphism, and congenital heart defects. A significant proportion of NS patients may also develop myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), including juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML). Surprisingly, scarce information is available in relation to other tumour types in these patients. We have previously developed and characterized a knock-in mouse model that carries one of the most frequent KRAS-NS-related mutations, the K-Ras(V14I) substitution, which recapitulates most of the alterations described in NS patients, including MPDs. The K-Ras(V14I) mutation is a mild activating K-Ras protein; thus, we have used this model to study tumour susceptibility in comparison with mice expressing the classical K-Ras(G12V) oncogene. Interestingly, our studies have shown that these mice display a generalized tumour predisposition and not just MPDs. In fact, we have observed that the K-Ras(V14I) mutation is capable of cooperating with the p16Ink4a/p19Arf and Trp53 tumour suppressors, as well as with other risk factors such as pancreatitis, thereby leading to a higher cancer incidence. In conclusion, our results illustrate that the K-Ras(V14I) activating protein is able to induce cancer, although at a much lower level than the classical K-Ras(G12V) oncogene, and that it can be significantly modulated by both genetic and non-genetic events. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto J Schuhmacher
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Garcia-Medina
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cañamero
- Biotechnology Programs, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba de Martino
- Biotechnology Programs, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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28
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Peron A, Vignoli A, La Briola F, Volpi A, Montanari E, Morenghi E, Ghelma F, Bulfamante G, Cefalo G, Canevini MP. Do patients with tuberous sclerosis complex have an increased risk for malignancies? Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:1538-44. [PMID: 27061015 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is generally characterized by the presence of benign tumors, but some patients with malignancies have been reported in the literature. We examined a large Italian TSC population (240 individuals followed from 2001 to 2015, aged 3 months-74 years), assessing the frequency of malignancies to determine whether there is an increased risk for cancer in this disorder, and looking for possible features associated with the development of neoplasia. Fifteen patients had malignancies (6.25%); median age at diagnosis was 37.5 years (range of 1.6-58). Five of seven renal tumors were renal cell carcinomas. Eight patients had a non-renal malignancy (3.3%), but we did not find a more prevalent type of cancer. No patient developed more than one malignancy. The prevalence of all malignant tumors was compatible with the prevalence in the general population (5.6%, 95%CI 2.99-9.31%, vs. 4.4% in Italy). Median age at cancer diagnosis was lower (37.5 years, 95%CI 28.6-44.7, vs. 66.0 years). Two patients (13.3%) died of their cancer, while outcome was favorable in the remaining individuals. Malignant tumors were more frequently diagnosed in patients with mutations in TSC1 when compared to TSC2 and patients with no mutation identified (P = 0.032). Our study demonstrated that TSC patients do not seem to have an increased risk for malignancies besides renal cell carcinoma. However, when cancer develops, age at diagnosis is lower than in the general population, and malignant tumors are more frequently diagnosed in patients with mutations in TSC1. Further studies are needed to confirm these data. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Peron
- Child Neurology Unit-Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aglaia Vignoli
- Child Neurology Unit-Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca La Briola
- Child Neurology Unit-Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Volpi
- Nephrology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montanari
- Urology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Biostatististics Unit, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Ghelma
- DAMA Unit (Disabled Advanced Medical Assistance), San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Bulfamante
- Human Pathology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Cefalo
- Pediatrics Department, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Canevini
- Child Neurology Unit-Epilepsy Center, San Paolo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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29
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the context of RASopathies. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:173-8. [PMID: 26855057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome is associated with a range of malignancies including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, little information is available regarding the frequency, natural history, characteristics and prognosis of ALL in Noonan syndrome or RASopathies in general. Cross-referencing data from a large prospective cohort of 1176 patients having a molecularly confirmed RASopathy with data from the French childhood cancer registry allowed us to identify ALL in 6 (0.5%) patients including 4/778 (0.5%) with a germline PTPN11 mutation and 2/94 (2.1%) with a germline SOS1 mutation. None of the patients of our series with CFC syndrome (with germline BRAF or MAP2K1/MAP2K2 mutation - n = 121) or Costello syndrome (with HRAS mutation - n = 35) had an ALL. A total of 19 Noonan-ALL were gathered by adding our patients to those of the International Berlin-Munster-Frankfurt (I-BFM) study group and previously reported patients. Strikingly, all Noonan-associated ALL were B-cell precursor ALL, and high hyperdiploidy with more than 50 chromosomes was found in the leukemia cells of 13/17 (76%) patients with available genetics data. Our data suggest that children with Noonan syndrome are at higher risk to develop ALL. Like what is observed for somatic PTPN11 mutations, NS is preferentially associated with the development of hyperdiploid ALL that will usually respond well to chemotherapy. However, Noonan syndrome patients seem to have a propensity to develop post therapy myelodysplasia that can eventually be fatal. Hence, one should be particularly cautious when treating these patients.
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30
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Noda S, Takahashi A, Hayashi T, Tanuma SI, Hatakeyama M. Determination of the catalytic activity of LEOPARD syndrome-associated SHP2 mutants toward parafibromin, a bona fide SHP2 substrate involved in Wnt signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:1133-9. [PMID: 26742426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SHP2, encoded by the PTPN11 gene, is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that plays a key role in the proliferation of cells via RAS-ERK activation. SHP2 also promotes Wnt signaling by dephosphorylating parafibromin. Germline missense mutations of PTPN11 are found in more than half of patients with Noonan syndrome (NS) and LEOPARD syndrome (LS), both of which are congenital developmental disorders with multiple common symptoms. However, whereas NS-associated PTPN11 mutations give rise to gain-of-function SHP2 mutants, LS-associated SHP2 mutants are reportedly loss-of-function mutants. To determine the phosphatase activity of LS-associated SHP2 more appropriately, we performed an in vitro phosphatase assay using tyrosine-phosphorylated parafibromin, a biologically relevant substrate of SHP2 and the positive regulator of Wnt signaling that is activated through SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation. We found that LS-associated SHP2 mutants (Y279C, T468M, Q506P, and Q510E) exhibited a substantially reduced phosphatase activity toward parafibromin when compared with wild-type SHP2. Furthermore, each of the LS-associated mutants displayed a differential degree of decrease in phosphatase activity. Deviation of the SHP2 catalytic activity from a certain range, either too strong or too weak, may therefore lead to similar clinical outcomes in NS and LS, possibly through an imbalanced Wnt signal caused by inadequate dephosphorylation of parafibromin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Noda
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeru Hayashi
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei-ichi Tanuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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McWilliams GD, SantaCruz K, Hart B, Clericuzio C. Occurrence of DNET and other brain tumors in Noonan syndrome warrants caution with growth hormone therapy. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:195-201. [PMID: 26377682 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is an autosomal dominant developmental disorder caused by mutations in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway that is well known for its relationship with oncogenesis. An 8.1-fold increased risk of cancer in Noonan syndrome has been reported, including childhood leukemia and solid tumors. The same study found a patient with a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) and suggested that DNET tumors are associated with NS. Herein we report an 8-year-old boy with genetically confirmed NS and a DNET. Literature review identified eight other reports, supporting the association between NS and DNETs. The review also ascertained 13 non-DNET brain tumors in individuals with NS, bringing to 22 the total number of NS patients with brain tumors. Tumor growth while receiving growth hormone (GH) occurred in our patient and one other patient. It is unknown whether the development or progression of tumors is augmented by GH therapy, however there is concern based on epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies. This issue was addressed in a 2015 Pediatric Endocrine Society report noting there is not enough data available to assess the safety of GH therapy in children with neoplasia-predisposition syndromes. The authors recommend that GH use in children with such disorders, including NS, be undertaken with appropriate surveillance for malignancies. Our case report and literature review underscore the association of NS with CNS tumors, particularly DNET, and call attention to the recommendation that clinicians treating NS patients with GH do so with awareness of the possibility of increased neoplasia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen SantaCruz
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Blaine Hart
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carol Clericuzio
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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