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Lone IM, Zohud O, Midlej K, Awadi O, Masarwa S, Krohn S, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Watted N, Iraqi FA. Narrating the Genetic Landscape of Human Class I Occlusion: A Perspective-Infused Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1465. [PMID: 37888076 PMCID: PMC10608728 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines a prevalent condition with multifaceted etiology encompassing genetic, environmental, and oral behavioral factors. It stands as a significant ailment impacting oral functionality, aesthetics, and quality of life. Longitudinal studies indicate that malocclusion in primary dentition may progress to permanent malocclusion. Recognizing and managing malocclusion in primary dentition is gaining prominence. The World Health Organization ranks malocclusions as the third most widespread oral health issue globally. Angle's classification system is widely used to categorize malocclusions, with Class I occlusion considered the norm. However, its prevalence varies across populations due to genetic and examination disparities. Genetic factors, including variants in genes like MSX1, PAX9, and AXIN2, have been associated with an increased risk of Class I occlusion. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of clinical strategies for managing Class I occlusion and consolidate genetic insights from both human and murine populations. Additionally, genomic relationships among craniofacial genes will be assessed in individuals with Class I occlusion, along with a murine model, shedding light on phenotype-genotype associations of clinical relevance. The prevalence of Class I occlusion, its impact, and treatment approaches will be discussed, emphasizing the importance of early intervention. Additionally, the role of RNA alterations in skeletal Class I occlusion will be explored, focusing on variations in expression or structure that influence craniofacial development. Mouse models will be highlighted as crucial tools for investigating mandible size and prognathism and conducting QTL analysis to gain deeper genetic insights. This review amalgamates cellular, molecular, and clinical trait data to unravel correlations between malocclusion and Class I phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Kareem Midlej
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
| | - Obaida Awadi
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel; (O.A.); (S.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Samir Masarwa
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel; (O.A.); (S.M.); (N.W.)
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Nezar Watted
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 45911, Israel; (O.A.); (S.M.); (N.W.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab America University, Jenin 919000, Palestine
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 45911, Israel
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (I.M.L.); (O.Z.); (K.M.)
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (C.K.); (P.P.)
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 45911, Israel
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Zhou X, Zhang C, Yao S, Fan L, Ma L, Pan Y. Genetic architecture of non-syndromic skeletal class III malocclusion. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2423-2437. [PMID: 36350305 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion require orthognathic surgery to obtain aesthetic facial appearance and functional occlusion. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and genetic variants of candidate genes play important roles in the etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the genetic factors that affect non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion, including the patterns of inheritance and multiple genetic approaches. We then summarize the functional studies on related loci and genes using cell biology and animal models, which will help to implement individualized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Yao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sadputranto SA, Setiawan AS, Maskoen AM, Laviana A, Sjamsudin E. Orthognathic Surgery as Class III Skeletal Treatment in a 31-Year-Old Female with Mandible Prognathism: A Case Report. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:935-942. [PMID: 36977475 PMCID: PMC10569864 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mandible prognathism or malocclusion skeletal class III is facial deformities. These deformities can affect orofacial function, such as mastication, speech, and function of the temporomandibular joint. Besides the physical effects of these deformities, the psychosocial impact on the individual is often essential, and such deformities can affect the quality of life and self-confidence. Orthognathic surgery is designed to correct these deformities because these deformities could not have been corrected by only orthodontic treatment. Therefore, at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, orthognathic surgery is the treatment choice for mandibular prognathism or malocclusion skeletal class III. In this case report, we present a 31-year-old female with mandibular prognathism, difficulty in closing her mouth and anterior open bite. Surgery was performed by Le Fort 1 osteotomy for advancing maxilla and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for setback mandible. Two weeks after surgery, patient came back to the orthodontic department for occlusion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arlette Suzy Setiawan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ani Melani Maskoen
- Department of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Avi Laviana
- Department of Orthodontic Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sjamsudin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Zohud O, Lone IM, Midlej K, Obaida A, Masarwa S, Schröder A, Küchler EC, Nashef A, Kassem F, Reiser V, Chaushu G, Mott R, Krohn S, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Watted N, Iraqi FA. Towards Genetic Dissection of Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: A Review of Genetic Variations Underlying the Phenotype in Humans and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093212. [PMID: 37176653 PMCID: PMC10179046 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skeletal abnormalities and malocclusions have varied features that impact populations globally, impairing aesthetics and lowering life quality. The prevalence of the Skeletal Class III disease is the lowest among all angle malocclusions, with varied prevalence across nations. Environmental, genetic, and societal factors play a role in its numerous etiologies. In this study, we conducted a thorough search across the published data relating to quantitative trait loci (QTL) and the genes associated with Class III progression in humans, discussed these findings and their limitations, and proposed future directions and strategies for studying this phenotype. METHODS An inclusive search of published papers in the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines using the following terms: 1. Human skeletal Class III; 2. Genetics of Human skeletal Class III; 3. QTL mapping and gene associated with human skeletal Class III; 4. enriched skeletal Class-III-malocclusion-associated pathways. RESULTS Our search has found 53 genes linked with skeletal Class III malocclusion reported in humans, genes associated with epigenetics and phenomena, and the top 20 enriched pathways associated with skeletal Class III malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS The human investigations yielded some contentious conclusions. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS), an epigenetics-wide association study (EWAS), RNA-seq analysis, integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), micro- and small-RNA, and long non-coding RNA analysis in tissues connected to skeletal Class III malocclusion phenotype in tissues connected with the skeletal phenotype. Finally, we invite regional, national, and international orthodontists and surgeons to join this effort by contributing human samples with skeletal Class III malocclusion following the accepted Helsinki ethical protocol to challenge these phenomena jointly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Iqbal M Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Kareem Midlej
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Awadi Obaida
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Samir Masarwa
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Erika C Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tabaria 1520800, Israel
| | - Firas Kassem
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Vadim Reiser
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
| | - Gavriel Chaushu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Richard Mott
- Department of Genetics, University College of London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nezar Watted
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab America University, Jenin 34567, Palestine
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Fuad A Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
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Milosevic O, Nikolic N, Carkic J, Juloski J, Vucic L, Glisic B, Milasin J. Single nucleotide polymorphisms MYO1H 1001 C>T SNP (rs3825393) is a strong risk factor for mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e246-e251. [PMID: 35977859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mandibular prognathism (MP) is a common craniofacial disorder of Class III malocclusion that causes esthetic and functional problems. Class III malocclusion diversity is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in craniofacial morphogenesis, bone and cartilage development, and metabolism, could play a role as predisposing factors. The present study aimed to establish a potential association between MATN1 -1878 A>G (rs1149048), MYO1H 1001 C>T (rs3825393), and BMP-4 538 A>G (rs17563) SNPs and MP in Serbian population. METHODS The study included 110 participants: 55 patients with Class III malocclusion diagnosed with MP and 55 with Class I malocclusion. The 3 SNPs were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS The genotype frequency of MYO1H showed a highly significant difference between patients and controls. Heterozygous carriers of the T allele had an almost 3-fold increase in odds for the development of MP (odds ratio, 2.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-6.19; P = 0.010). No association could be established between MATN1 and BMP-4 polymorphisms and MP. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the concept of gene polymorphisms as risk modulators in mandibular prognathism development, although only the association between MYO1H and MP was found in Serbian patients with Class III malocclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Milosevic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadja Nikolic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Carkic
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Juloski
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Vucic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Glisic
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Jaruga A, Ksiazkiewicz J, Kuzniarz K, Tylzanowski P. Orofacial Cleft and Mandibular Prognathism-Human Genetics and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020953. [PMID: 35055138 PMCID: PMC8779325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many complex molecular interactions are involved in the process of craniofacial development. Consequently, the network is sensitive to genetic mutations that may result in congenital malformations of varying severity. The most common birth anomalies within the head and neck are orofacial clefts (OFCs) and prognathism. Orofacial clefts are disorders with a range of phenotypes such as the cleft of the lip with or without cleft palate and isolated form of cleft palate with unilateral and bilateral variations. They may occur as an isolated abnormality (nonsyndromic-NSCLP) or coexist with syndromic disorders. Another cause of malformations, prognathism or skeletal class III malocclusion, is characterized by the disproportionate overgrowth of the mandible with or without the hypoplasia of maxilla. Both syndromes may be caused by the presence of environmental factors, but the majority of them are hereditary. Several mutations are linked to those phenotypes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the genetics of those phenotypes and describe genotype-phenotype correlations. We then present the animal models used to study these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaruga
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jakub Ksiazkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Krystian Kuzniarz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 11, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Genes and Pathways Associated with Skeletal Sagittal Malocclusions: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313037. [PMID: 34884839 PMCID: PMC8657482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal class II and III malocclusions are craniofacial disorders that negatively impact people’s quality of life worldwide. Unfortunately, the growth patterns of skeletal malocclusions and their clinical correction prognoses are difficult to predict largely due to lack of knowledge of their precise etiology. Inspired by the strong inheritance pattern of a specific type of skeletal malocclusion, previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were reanalyzed, resulting in the identification of 19 skeletal class II malocclusion-associated and 53 skeletal class III malocclusion-associated genes. Functional enrichment of these genes created a signal pathway atlas in which most of the genes were associated with bone and cartilage growth and development, as expected, while some were characterized by functions related to skeletal muscle maturation and construction. Interestingly, several genes and enriched pathways are involved in both skeletal class II and III malocclusions, indicating the key regulatory effects of these genes and pathways in craniofacial development. There is no doubt that further investigation is necessary to validate these recognized genes’ and pathways’ specific function(s) related to maxillary and mandibular development. In summary, this systematic review provides initial insight on developing novel gene-based treatment strategies for skeletal malocclusions and paves the path for precision medicine where dental care providers can make an accurate prediction of the craniofacial growth of an individual patient based on his/her genetic profile.
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Guida V, Sparascio FP, Bernardini L, Pancheri F, Melis D, Cocciadiferro D, Pagnoni M, Puzzo M, Goldoni M, Barone C, Hozhabri H, Putotto C, Giuffrida MG, Briuglia S, Palumbo O, Bianca S, Stanzial F, Benedicenti F, Kariminejad A, Forzano F, Baghernajad Salehi L, Mattina T, Brancati F, Castori M, Carella M, Fadda MT, Iannetti G, Dallapiccola B, Digilio MC, Marino B, Tartaglia M, De Luca A. Copy number variation analysis implicates novel pathways in patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral-spectrum and congenital heart defects. Clin Genet 2021; 100:268-279. [PMID: 33988253 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) is a developmental disorder of craniofacial morphogenesis. Its etiology is unclear, but assumed to be complex and heterogeneous, with contribution of both genetic and environmental factors. We assessed the occurrence of copy number variants (CNVs) in a cohort of 19 unrelated OAVS individuals with congenital heart defect. Chromosomal microarray analysis identified pathogenic CNVs in 2/19 (10.5%) individuals, and CNVs classified as variants of uncertain significance in 7/19 (36.9%) individuals. Remarkably, two subjects had small intragenic CNVs involving DACH1 and DACH2, two paralogs coding for key components of the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network, a transcriptional regulatory pathway controlling developmental processes relevant to OAVS and causally associated with syndromes characterized by craniofacial involvement. Moreover, a third patient showed a large duplication encompassing DMBX1/OTX3, encoding a transcriptional repressor of OTX2, another transcription factor functionally connected to the DACH-EYA-PAX network. Among the other relevant CNVs, a deletion encompassing HSD17B6, a gene connected with the retinoic acid signaling pathway, whose dysregulation has been implicated in craniofacial malformations, was also identified. Our findings suggest that CNVs affecting gene dosage likely contribute to the genetic heterogeneity of OAVS, and implicate the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network as novel pathway involved in the etiology of this developmental trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guida
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Piceci Sparascio
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pancheri
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Dario Cocciadiferro
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Pagnoni
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Puzzo
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marina Goldoni
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Chiara Barone
- Medical Genetics, Referral Center for Rare Genetic Diseases, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Hossein Hozhabri
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giuffrida
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Silvana Briuglia
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bianca
- Medical Genetics, Referral Center for Rare Genetic Diseases, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Franco Stanzial
- Genetic Counseling Service, Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedicenti
- Genetic Counseling Service, Department of Pediatrics, Regional Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Forzano
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Teresa Mattina
- Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Medical Genetics University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fadda
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Iannetti
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Kuroda T. Evidence-based individualized orthodontic treatment: The future of orthodontics? J World Fed Orthod 2020; 9:139-145. [PMID: 33277221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The term "Evidence-based Orthodontic Treatment" is often used in orthodontic clinical and research publications to validate a particular therapeutic approach. The most pertinent questions regarding this is - what is the actual "evidence" for what we do as orthodontists? and where does it come from? Development of knowledge in the areas of molecular biology, craniofacial growth and development, histological tissue reaction, and dental materials, as well as the improved use of statistics have supported the current theoretical basis for orthodontic treatment. As a result, there has been increase in development of technical procedures for patient care. However, it is necessary to have "Scientific Proof" if we use the word "Evidence." Looking to the future, we need to focus on individual patient variables by better monitoring differences in the biological and psycho-social backgrounds among patients. In future, clinicians performing orthodontic treatment planning will need to cultivate an "individualized diagnostic eye," based on improved understanding of patient characteristics with genome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kuroda
- WFO Honorary Member, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yokohama, Japan.
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Huang W, Shan B, Ang BS, Ko J, Bloomstein RD, Cangialosi TJ. Review of Etiology of Posterior Open Bite: Is There a Possible Genetic Cause? Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:233-240. [PMID: 32612395 PMCID: PMC7323810 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s231670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior open bite (POB) is one of the most severe malocclusions that can impair patients' masticatory functions, yet it is also a condition that is poorly understood and not well studied. Most reported cases are either sporadic or idiosyncratic with a diverse yet poorly understood etiology. Although primary failure of eruption (PFE), lateral tongue thrust, and certain medical syndromes or pathology of the temporomandibular joints have all been shown to cause POB, the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors makes its etiopathogenesis a difficult subject to understand and investigate. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the etiology of posterior open bite. Additionally, a genetic cause for POB is proposed through a report of an apparently non-syndromic familial case series with high POB penetrance across two generations. Further investigations of the gene(s) and mechanism(s) involved can not only provide a unique opportunity to better understand POB and the intricate muscular-occlusal relationship, but also offer powerful insight into the most effective approaches to clinical management of these (and potentially other) malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Bo Shan
- School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Brittany S Ang
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Jennifer Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Richard D Bloomstein
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Thomas J Cangialosi
- Department of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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