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Yang Y, Qin M, Zhao Y, Wang X. Digenic inheritance accounts for phenotypic variability in amelogenesis imperfecta. Clin Genet 2024; 105:243-253. [PMID: 37937686 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) represents a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that affect enamel formation and mineralization. Although AI is commonly considered a monogenic disorder, digenic inheritance is rarely reported. In this study, we recruited two nonconsanguineous Chinese families exhibiting diverse phenotypes of enamel defects among affected family members. Digenic variants were discovered in both probands. In family 1, the proband inherited a paternal frameshift variant in LAMA3 (NM_198129.4:c.3712dup) and a maternal deletion encompassing the entire AMELX gene. This resulted in a combined hypoplastic and hypomineralized AI phenotype, which was distinct from the parents' manifestations. In family 2, whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed the proband carried a maternal heterozygous splicing variant in COL17A1 (NC_000010.11 (NM_000494.3): c.4156 + 2dup) and compound heterozygous variants in RELT (paternal: NM_032871.4:c.260A > T; maternal: NM_032871.4:c.521 T > G). These genetic changes caused the abundant irregular enamel defects observed in the proband, whereas other affected family members carrying heterozygous variants in both COL17A1 and RELT displayed only horizontal grooves as their phenotype. The pathogenicity of the novel COL17A1 splice site variant was confirmed through RT-PCR and minigene assay. This study enhances our understanding by highlighting the potential association between the co-occurrence of variants in two genes and variable phenotypes observed in AI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Resende KKM, Riou MC, Yamaguti PM, Fournier B, Rondeau S, Pacot L, Berdal A, Felizardo R, Mazzeu JF, Cormier-Daire V, Gaucher C, Acevedo AC, de La Dure-Molla M. Oro-dental phenotyping and report of three families with RELT-associated amelogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:1337-1341. [PMID: 37670079 PMCID: PMC10620165 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of rare genetic conditions characterized by quantitative and/or qualitative tooth enamel alterations. AI can manifest as an isolated trait or as part of a syndrome. Recently, five biallelic disease-causing variants in the RELT gene were identified in 7 families with autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta (ARAI). RELT encodes an orphan receptor in the tumor necrosis factor (TNFR) superfamily expressed during tooth development, with unknown function. Here, we report one Brazilian and two French families with ARAI and a distinctive hypomineralized phenotype with hypoplastic enamel, post-eruptive enamel loss, and occlusal attrition. Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), four novel RELT variants were identified (c.120+1G>A, p.(?); c.120+1G>T, p.(?); c.193T>C, p.(Cys65Arg) and c.1260_1263dup, p.(Arg422Glyfs*5)). Our findings extend the knowledge of ARAI dental phenotypes and expand the disease-causing variants spectrum of the RELT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemelly Karolliny Moreira Resende
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Margot Charlotte Riou
- Reference Center of Oral and Dental Rare Diseases (O-Rares), Rothschild Hospital, Public Assistance- Paris Hospitals, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Dental Faculty, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138 Inserm, Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Paris, France
| | - Paulo Marcio Yamaguti
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Fournier
- Reference Center of Oral and Dental Rare Diseases (O-Rares), Rothschild Hospital, Public Assistance- Paris Hospitals, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Dental Faculty, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138 Inserm, Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, INSERM UMR 1163 IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Pacot
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique, APHP.Centre - Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Cité, CARPEM, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Reference Center of Oral and Dental Rare Diseases (O-Rares), Rothschild Hospital, Public Assistance- Paris Hospitals, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Dental Faculty, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138 Inserm, Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Paris, France
| | - Rufino Felizardo
- Reference Center of Oral and Dental Rare Diseases (O-Rares), Rothschild Hospital, Public Assistance- Paris Hospitals, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Dental Faculty, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Forte Mazzeu
- Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, INSERM UMR 1163 IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France
| | - Céline Gaucher
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d'Organe, Fédération de Génétique et de Médecine Génomique, APHP.Centre - Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, URP2496, F-92120, Montrouge, France
- Department of Odontology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaire Henri Mondor, Paris, F-94000, France
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Paris Cité University, Dental Faculty, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne University, UMRS 1138 Inserm, Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Paris, France
| | - Muriel de La Dure-Molla
- Reference Center of Oral and Dental Rare Diseases (O-Rares), Rothschild Hospital, Public Assistance- Paris Hospitals, Paris, France.
- Paris Cité University, Dental Faculty, Paris, France.
- Paris Cité University, INSERM UMR 1163 IMAGINE Institute, Paris, France.
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Cusick JK, Alcaide J, Shi Y. The RELT Family of Proteins: An Increasing Awareness of Their Importance for Cancer, the Immune System, and Development. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2695. [PMID: 37893069 PMCID: PMC10603948 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights Receptor Expressed in Lymphoid Tissues (RELT), a Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily member, and its two paralogs, RELL1 and RELL2. Collectively, these three proteins are referred to as RELTfms and have gained much interest in recent years due to their association with cancer and other human diseases. A thorough knowledge of their physiological functions, including the ligand for RELT, is lacking, yet emerging evidence implicates RELTfms in a variety of processes including cytokine signaling and pathways that either promote cell death or survival. T cells from mice lacking RELT exhibit increased responses against tumors and increased inflammatory cytokine production, and multiple lines of evidence indicate that RELT may promote an immunosuppressive environment for tumors. The relationship of individual RELTfms in different cancers is not universal however, as evidence indicates that individual RELTfms may be risk factors in certain cancers yet appear to be protective in other cancers. RELTfms are important for a variety of additional processes related to human health including microbial pathogenesis, inflammation, behavior, reproduction, and development. All three proteins have been strongly conserved in all vertebrates, and this review aims to provide a clearer understanding of the current knowledge regarding these interesting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Cusick
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Jessa Alcaide
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
| | - Yihui Shi
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA 95757, USA
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, Sutter Bay Hospitals, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
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Dong J, Ruan W, Duan X. Molecular-based phenotype variations in amelogenesis imperfecta. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2334-2365. [PMID: 37154292 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is one of the typical dental genetic diseases in human. It can occur isolatedly or as part of a syndrome. Previous reports have mainly clarified the types and mechanisms of nonsyndromic AI. This review aimed to compare the phenotypic differences among the hereditary enamel defects with or without syndromes and their underlying pathogenic genes. We searched the articles in PubMed with different strategies or keywords including but not limited to amelogenesis imperfecta, enamel defects, hypoplastic/hypomaturation/hypocalcified, syndrome, or specific syndrome name. The articles with detailed clinical information about the enamel and other phenotypes and clear genetic background were used for the analysis. We totally summarized and compared enamel phenotypes of 18 nonsyndromic AI with 17 causative genes and 19 syndromic AI with 26 causative genes. According to the clinical features, radiographic or ultrastructural changes in enamel, the enamel defects were basically divided into hypoplastic and hypomineralized (hypomaturated and hypocalcified) and presented a higher heterogeneity which were closely related to the involved pathogenic genes, types of mutation, hereditary pattern, X chromosome inactivation, incomplete penetrance, and other mechanisms.The gene-specific enamel phenotypes could be an important indicator for diagnosing nonsyndromic and syndromic AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyan Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Biology & Clinic of Oral Rare Diseases and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Bloch-Zupan A, Rey T, Jimenez-Armijo A, Kawczynski M, Kharouf N, Dure-Molla MDL, Noirrit E, Hernandez M, Joseph-Beaudin C, Lopez S, Tardieu C, Thivichon-Prince B, Dostalova T, Macek M, Alloussi ME, Qebibo L, Morkmued S, Pungchanchaikul P, Orellana BU, Manière MC, Gérard B, Bugueno IM, Laugel-Haushalter V. Amelogenesis imperfecta: Next-generation sequencing sheds light on Witkop's classification. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1130175. [PMID: 37228816 PMCID: PMC10205041 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1130175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of genetic rare diseases disrupting enamel development (Smith et al., Front Physiol, 2017a, 8, 333). The clinical enamel phenotypes can be described as hypoplastic, hypomineralized or hypomature and serve as a basis, together with the mode of inheritance, to Witkop's classification (Witkop, J Oral Pathol, 1988, 17, 547-553). AI can be described in isolation or associated with others symptoms in syndromes. Its occurrence was estimated to range from 1/700 to 1/14,000. More than 70 genes have currently been identified as causative. Objectives: We analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) a heterogeneous cohort of AI patients in order to determine the molecular etiology of AI and to improve diagnosis and disease management. Methods: Individuals presenting with so called "isolated" or syndromic AI were enrolled and examined at the Reference Centre for Rare Oral and Dental Diseases (O-Rares) using D4/phenodent protocol (www.phenodent.org). Families gave written informed consents for both phenotyping and molecular analysis and diagnosis using a dedicated NGS panel named GenoDENT. This panel explores currently simultaneously 567 genes. The study is registered under NCT01746121 and NCT02397824 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/). Results: GenoDENT obtained a 60% diagnostic rate. We reported genetics results for 221 persons divided between 115 AI index cases and their 106 associated relatives from a total of 111 families. From this index cohort, 73% were diagnosed with non-syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta and 27% with syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta. Each individual was classified according to the AI phenotype. Type I hypoplastic AI represented 61 individuals (53%), Type II hypomature AI affected 31 individuals (27%), Type III hypomineralized AI was diagnosed in 18 individuals (16%) and Type IV hypoplastic-hypomature AI with taurodontism concerned 5 individuals (4%). We validated the genetic diagnosis, with class 4 (likely pathogenic) or class 5 (pathogenic) variants, for 81% of the cohort, and identified candidate variants (variant of uncertain significance or VUS) for 19% of index cases. Among the 151 sequenced variants, 47 are newly reported and classified as class 4 or 5. The most frequently discovered genotypes were associated with MMP20 and FAM83H for isolated AI. FAM20A and LTBP3 genes were the most frequent genes identified for syndromic AI. Patients negative to the panel were resolved with exome sequencing elucidating for example the gene involved ie ACP4 or digenic inheritance. Conclusion: NGS GenoDENT panel is a validated and cost-efficient technique offering new perspectives to understand underlying molecular mechanisms of AI. Discovering variants in genes involved in syndromic AI (CNNM4, WDR72, FAM20A … ) transformed patient overall care. Unravelling the genetic basis of AI sheds light on Witkop's AI classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bloch-Zupan
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut d’études avancées (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpital Civil, Centre de référence des maladies rares orales et dentaires, O-Rares, Filiére Santé Maladies rares TETE COU, European Reference Network ERN CRANIO, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), IN-SERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Rey
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), IN-SERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoires de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandra Jimenez-Armijo
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), IN-SERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Marzena Kawczynski
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpital Civil, Centre de référence des maladies rares orales et dentaires, O-Rares, Filiére Santé Maladies rares TETE COU, European Reference Network ERN CRANIO, Strasbourg, France
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie, Inserm UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Muriel de La Dure-Molla
- Rothschild Hospital, Public Assistance-Paris Hospitals (AP-HP), Reference Center for Rare Oral and Den-tal Diseases (O-Rares), Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Noirrit
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rangueil, Toulouse, Competence Center for Rare Oral and Den-tal Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Hernandez
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Competence Center for Rare Oral and Dental Diseases, Nancy, France
| | - Clara Joseph-Beaudin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Competence Center for Rare Oral and Dental Diseases, Nice, France
| | - Serena Lopez
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Competence Center for Rare Oral and Dental Diseases, Nantes, France
| | - Corinne Tardieu
- APHM, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Hôpital Timone, Competence Center for Rare Oral and Dental Diseases, Marseille, France
| | - Béatrice Thivichon-Prince
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon, Competence Center for Rare Oral and Dental Diseases, Lyon, France
| | | | - Tatjana Dostalova
- Department of Stomatology (TD) and Department of Biology and Medical Genetics (MM) Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Stomatology (TD) and Department of Biology and Medical Genetics (MM) Charles University 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Mustapha El Alloussi
- Faculty of Dentistry, International University of Rabat, CReSS Centre de recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leila Qebibo
- Unité de génétique médicale et d’oncogénétique, CHU Hassan II, Fes, Morocco
| | | | | | - Blanca Urzúa Orellana
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marie-Cécile Manière
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpital Civil, Centre de référence des maladies rares orales et dentaires, O-Rares, Filiére Santé Maladies rares TETE COU, European Reference Network ERN CRANIO, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bénédicte Gérard
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoires de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires, Hôpital Civil, Centre de référence des maladies rares orales et dentaires, O-Rares, Filiére Santé Maladies rares TETE COU, European Reference Network ERN CRANIO, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), IN-SERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), IN-SERM U1258, CNRS- UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Laboratoires de diagnostic génétique, Institut de Génétique Médicale d’Alsace, Strasbourg, France
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Dadas O, Ertay A, Cragg MS. Delivering co-stimulatory tumor necrosis factor receptor agonism for cancer immunotherapy: past, current and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147467. [PMID: 37180119 PMCID: PMC10167284 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) and their receptors (TNFRSF) are important regulators of the immune system, mediating proliferation, survival, differentiation, and function of immune cells. As a result, their targeting for immunotherapy is attractive, although to date, under-exploited. In this review we discuss the importance of co-stimulatory members of the TNFRSF in optimal immune response generation, the rationale behind targeting these receptors for immunotherapy, the success of targeting them in pre-clinical studies and the challenges in translating this success into the clinic. The efficacy and limitations of the currently available agents are discussed alongside the development of next generation immunostimulatory agents designed to overcome current issues, and capitalize on this receptor class to deliver potent, durable and safe drugs for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Dadas
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse Ertay
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Winchester EW, Hardy A, Cotney J. Integration of multimodal data in the developing tooth reveals candidate regulatory loci driving human odontogenic phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:1009264. [PMID: 37034481 PMCID: PMC10078798 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.1009264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human odontogenic aberrations such as abnormal tooth number and delayed tooth eruption can occur as a symptom of rare syndromes or, more commonly, as nonsyndromic phenotypes. These phenotypes can require extensive and expensive dental treatment, posing a significant burden. While many dental phenotypes are heritable, most nonsyndromic cases have not been linked to causal genes. We demonstrate the novel finding that common sequence variants associated with human odontogenic phenotypes are enriched in developmental craniofacial enhancers conserved between human and mouse. However, the bulk nature of these samples obscures if this finding is due to the tooth itself or the surrounding tissues. We therefore sought to identify enhancers specifically active in the tooth anlagen and quantify their contribution to the observed genetic enrichments. We systematically identified 22,001 conserved enhancers active in E13.5 mouse incisors using ChIP-seq and machine learning pipelines and demonstrated biologically relevant enrichments in putative target genes, transcription factor binding motifs, and in vivo activity. Multi-tissue comparisons of human and mouse enhancers revealed that these putative tooth enhancers had the strongest enrichment of odontogenic phenotype-associated variants, suggesting a role for dysregulation of tooth developmental enhancers in human dental phenotypes. The large number of these regions genome-wide necessitated prioritization of enhancer loci for future investigations. As enhancers modulate gene expression, we prioritized regions based on enhancers' putative target genes. We predicted these target genes and prioritized loci by integrating chromatin state, bulk gene expression and coexpression, GWAS variants, and cell type resolved gene expression to generate a prioritized list of putative odontogenic phenotype-driving loci active in the developing tooth. These genomic regions are of particular interest for downstream experiments determining the role of specific dental enhancer:gene pairs in odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Hardy
- Master of Genetics Program, Paris Diderot University,
Paris, France
| | - Justin Cotney
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of
Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT, United States
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8
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Shahid S, Ikeda A, Layana MC, Bartlett JD. ADAM10: Possible functions in enamel development. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1032383. [PMID: 36505044 PMCID: PMC9732274 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1032383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 is A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family member that is membrane bound with its catalytic domain present on the cell surface. It is a sheddase that cleaves anchored cell surface proteins to shed them from the cell surface. ADAM10 can cleave at least a hundred different proteins and is expressed in most tissues of the body. ADAM10 is best characterized for its role in Notch signaling. Interestingly, ADAM10 is transported to specific sites on the cell surface by six different tetraspanins. Although the mechanism is not clear, tetraspanins can regulate ADAM10 substrate specificity, which likely contributes to the diversity of ADAM10 substrates. In developing mouse teeth, ADAM10 is expressed in the stem cell niche and subsequently in pre-ameloblasts and then secretory stage ameloblasts. However, once ameloblasts begin transitioning into the maturation stage, ADAM10 expression abruptly ceases. This is exactly when ameloblasts stop their movement that extends enamel crystallites and when the enamel layer reaches its full thickness. ADAM10 may play an important role in enamel development. ADAM10 can cleave cadherins and other cell-cell junctions at specific sites where the tetraspanins have transported it and this may promote cell movement. ADAM10 can also cleave the transmembrane proteins COL17A1 and RELT. When either COL17A1 or RELT are mutated, malformed enamel may occur in humans and mice. So, ADAM10 may also regulate these proteins that are necessary for proper enamel development. This mini review will highlight ADAM10 function, how that function is regulated by tetraspanins, and how ADAM10 may promote enamel formation.
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9
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Zorlu S, Aren G, Balci Ekmekci O. Ghrelin hormone might have a potential role in amelogenesis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14223. [PMID: 33871148 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Amelogenesis imperfecta and generalised enamel hypoplasia are developmental dental anomalies that affect dental enamel. While amelogenesis imperfecta results from various gene mutations, the exact underlying mechanisms of the etiopathogenesis of both remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate Ghrelin hormone levels in children with generalised enamel hypoplasia to establish whether Ghrelin might have a potential role in enamel hypoplasia's etiology. The second purpose is to determine the correlations among the blood levels of Ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OC) that are vital in dental development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study was designed with two study groups, AI (hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta) (n = 15; mean-age 10.36 ± 1.90) and GEH (idiopathic generalised enamel hypoplasia) (n = 15; mean-age 10.42 ± 1.84), and a healthy control (n = 15; mean-age 10.39 ± 1.91) group. After fasting for 10-12 hours, simultaneous blood samples were collected; then, after centrifugation, serum and plasma were stored at -80°C until the day of analysis. Total Ghrelin levels of plasma and serum levels of GH, IGF-1, BALP and OC were measured using commercial ELISA kits. RESULTS Ghrelin levels of AI and GEH groups were significantly lower (P < .01) than the control group. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal the decreased levels of Ghrelin in plasma of children with generalised enamel hypoplasia, suggesting a potential role for Ghrelin in amelogenesis. In order to determine its function in enamel formation, further studies should be carried out. The result of the present study suggests that paediatricians refer children with abnormal Ghrelin levels to a paediatric dentist to contribute to appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Generalised enamel hypoplasia may also indicate possible abnormalities in Ghrelin levels for paediatricians. Therefore, paediatricians' knowledge about the clinical appearance of generalised enamel hypoplasia should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Zorlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Aren
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Balci Ekmekci
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Nikolopoulos G, Smith CEL, Poulter JA, Murillo G, Silva S, Lamb T, Berry IR, Brown CJ, Day PF, Soldani F, Al-Bahlani S, Harris SA, O'Connell MJ, Inglehearn CF, Mighell AJ. Spectrum of pathogenic variants and founder effects in amelogenesis imperfecta associated with MMP20. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:567-576. [PMID: 33600052 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) describes a heterogeneous group of developmental enamel defects that typically have Mendelian inheritance. Exome sequencing of 10 families with recessive hypomaturation AI revealed four novel and one known variants in the matrix metallopeptidase 20 (MMP20) gene that were predicted to be pathogenic. MMP20 encodes a protease that cleaves the developing extracellular enamel matrix and is necessary for normal enamel crystal growth during amelogenesis. New homozygous missense changes were shared between four families of Pakistani heritage (c.625G>C; p.(Glu209Gln)) and two of Omani origin (c.710C>A; p.(Ser237Tyr)). In two families of UK origin and one from Costa Rica, affected individuals were homozygous for the previously reported c.954-2A>T; p.(Ile319Phefs*19) variant. For each of these variants, microsatellite haplotypes appeared to exclude a recent founder effect, but elements of haplotype were conserved, suggesting more distant founding ancestors. New compound heterozygous changes were identified in one family of the European heritage: c.809_811+12delinsCCAG; p.(?) and c.1122A>C; p.(Gln374His). This report further elucidates the mutation spectrum of MMP20 and the probable impact on protein function, confirms a consistent hypomaturation phenotype and shows that mutations in MMP20 are a common cause of autosomal recessive AI in some communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikolopoulos
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire E L Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James A Poulter
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gina Murillo
- School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro Montes De Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Sandra Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Centre (CBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, San Pedro Montes De Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Teresa Lamb
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian R Berry
- Leeds Genetics Laboratory, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Peter F Day
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Community Dental Service, Horton Park Health Centre, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Francesca Soldani
- Community Dental Service, Horton Park Health Centre, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Suhaila Al-Bahlani
- Dental & O.M.F.S Clinic, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sarah A Harris
- School of Physics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan J Mighell
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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11
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Kim YJ, Lee Y, Zhang H, Song JS, Hu JCC, Simmer JP, Kim JW. A Novel De Novo SP6 Mutation Causes Severe Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:346. [PMID: 33652941 PMCID: PMC7996877 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders affecting tooth enamel formation. Here we report an identification of a novel de novo missense mutation [c.817_818delinsAT, p.(Ala273Met)] in the SP6 gene, causing non-syndromic autosomal dominant AI. This is the second paper on amelogenesis imperfecta caused by SP6 mutation. Interestingly the identified mutation in this study is a 2-bp variant at the same nucleotide positions as the first report, but with AT instead of AA insertion. Clinical phenotype was much more severe compared to the previous report, and western blot showed an extremely decreased level of mutant protein compared to the wild-type, even though the mRNA level was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (H.Z.); (J.C.-C.H.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Ji-Soo Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.-S.S.)
| | - Jan C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (H.Z.); (J.C.-C.H.); (J.P.S.)
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; (H.Z.); (J.C.-C.H.); (J.P.S.)
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.L.); (J.-S.S.)
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12
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Cusick JK, Alhomsy Y, Wong S, Talbott G, Uversky VN, Hart C, Hejazi N, Jacobs AT, Shi Y. RELT stains prominently in B-cell lymphomas and binds the hematopoietic transcription factor MDFIC. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100868. [PMID: 33367115 PMCID: PMC7749370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor Expressed in Lymphoid Tissues (RELT) is a human tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member (TNFRSF) that is expressed most prominently in cells and tissues of the hematopoietic system. RELL1 and RELL2 are two homologs that physically interact with RELT and co-localize with RELT at the plasma membrane. This study sought to further elucidate the function of RELT by identifying novel protein interactions with RELT family members. The transcription factor MyoD family inhibitor domain-containing (MDFIC) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid genetic screen using RELL1 as bait. MDFIC co-localizes with RELT family members at the plasma membrane; this co-localization was most prominently observed with RELL1 and RELL2. In vitro co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was utilized to demonstrate that MDFIC physically interacts with RELT, RELL1, and RELL2. Co-IP using deletion mutants of MDFIC and RELT identified regions important for physical association between MDFIC and RELT family members and a computational analysis revealed that RELT family members are highly disordered proteins. Immunohistochemistry of normal human lymph nodes revealed RELT staining that was most prominent in macrophages. Interestingly, the level of RELT staining significantly increased progressively in low and high-grade B-cell lymphomas versus normal lymph nodes. RELT co-staining with CD20 was observed in B-cell lymphomas, indicating that RELT is expressed in malignant B cells. Collectively, these results further our understanding of RELT-associated signaling pathways, the protein structure of RELT family members, and provide preliminary evidence indicating an association of RELT with B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Cusick
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Yasmeen Alhomsy
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Stephanie Wong
- Department of Medical Education, California University of Science and Medicine, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - George Talbott
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Northstate University College of Pharmacy, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Cara Hart
- Department of Biology, The University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Nazila Hejazi
- Department of Clinical Science, California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Aaron T. Jacobs
- Department of Medical Education, California University of Science and Medicine, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - Yihui Shi
- Department of Basic Science, California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
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13
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Nikolopoulos G, Smith CEL, Brookes SJ, El-Asrag ME, Brown CJ, Patel A, Murillo G, O'Connell MJ, Inglehearn CF, Mighell AJ. New missense variants in RELT causing hypomineralised amelogenesis imperfecta. Clin Genet 2020; 97:688-695. [PMID: 32052416 PMCID: PMC7216828 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases characterised by dental enamel malformation. Pathogenic variants in at least 33 genes cause syndromic or non-syndromic AI. Recently variants in RELT, encoding an orphan receptor in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, were found to cause recessive AI, as part of a syndrome encompassing small stature and severe childhood infections. Here we describe four additional families with autosomal recessive hypomineralised AI due to previously unreported homozygous mutations in RELT. Three families carried a homozygous missense variant in the fourth exon (c.164C>T, p.(T55I)) and a fourth family carried a homozygous missense variant in the 11th exon (c.1264C>T, p.(R422W)). We found no evidence of additional syndromic symptoms in affected individuals. Analyses of tooth microstructure with computerised tomography and scanning electron microscopy suggest a role for RELT in ameloblasts' coordination and interaction with the enamel matrix. Microsatellite genotyping in families segregating the T55I variant reveals a shared founder haplotype. These findings extend the RELT pathogenic variant spectrum, reveal a founder mutation in the UK Pakistani population and provide detailed analysis of human teeth affected by this hypomineralised phenotype, but do not support a possible syndromic presentation in all those with RELT-variant associated AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikolopoulos
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James's University Hospital, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire E L Smith
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Steven J Brookes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James's University Hospital, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mohammed E El-Asrag
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Catriona J Brown
- Birmingham Dental Hospital, Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anesha Patel
- Birmingham Dental Hospital, Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gina Murillo
- School of Dentistry, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Montes De Oca, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan J Mighell
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, St James's University Hospital, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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