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Yin D, Zhan S, Liu Y, Yan L, Shi B, Wang X, Zhang S. Experimental models for peri-implant diseases: a narrative review. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:378. [PMID: 38884808 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peri-implant diseases, being the most common implant-related complications, significantly impact the normal functioning and longevity of implants. Experimental models play a crucial role in discovering potential therapeutic approaches and elucidating the mechanisms of disease progression in peri-implant diseases. This narrative review comprehensively examines animal models and common modeling methods employed in peri-implant disease research and innovatively summarizes the in vitro models of peri-implant diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles published between 2015 and 2023 were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Embase. All studies focusing on experimental models of peri-implant diseases were included and carefully evaluated. RESULTS Various experimental models of peri-implantitis have different applications and advantages. The dog model is currently the most widely utilized animal model in peri-implant disease research, while rodent models have unique advantages in gene knockout and systemic disease induction. In vitro models of peri-implant diseases are also continuously evolving to meet different experimental purposes. CONCLUSIONS The utilization of experimental models helps simplify experiments, save time and resources, and promote advances in peri-implant disease research. Animal models have been proven valuable in the early stages of drug development, while technological advancements have brought about more predictive and relevant in vitro models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This review provides clear and comprehensive model selection strategies for researchers in the field of peri-implant diseases, thereby enhancing understanding of disease pathogenesis and providing possibilities for developing new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Suying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Lichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Binmian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Nicola D, Isabella DR, Carolina C, Baldini N, Raffaele M. Treatment of peri-implant mucositis: Adjunctive effect of glycine powder air polishing to professional mechanical biofilm removal. 12 months randomized clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024; 26:415-426. [PMID: 38317375 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the adjunctive effect of glycine-powder air-polishing (GPAP) to full-mouth ultrasonic debridement (Fm-UD) in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis, and to determine the impact of implant and patient-level variables for disease resolution. METHODS Individuals with a diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis were consecutively included in this randomized parallel arm clinical study. All the participants received a session of Fm-UD. Only implants allocated to the test group were additionally treated with GPAP. Clinical assessments were recorded at baseline, at 3 and at 12 months following intervention. The primary outcomes were complete disease resolution (DR1), defined as absence of bleeding sites at probing per implants, and partial disease resolution (DR2), measured as the presence of less than two bleeding sites at probing per implant. A final logistic multivariate regression model was built to evaluate the predictive role of implant and patient-level variables on DR. RESULTS Fifty two patients and 157 implants were included. Both groups displayed significant reduction in the extent of bleeding on probing and plaque levels. At 12 months, DR1 was achieved in 16% and 27% of participants for the test and the control group respectively. IDR1 was best predicted by the number of bleeding sites (OR = 2.7, p = 0.04) and the greatest PPD value (OR = 2.7, p = 0.05), while IDR2 by the prosthetic connection (OR = 2.59, p = 0.02), the mean PPD (OR = 2.23, p = 0.04), the FMBS (OR = 4.09, p = 0.04), and number of implants (OR = 4.59, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Despite significant improvements of clinical signs of peri-implant inflammation, the use of GPAP appears to have no adjunctive effect as compared with Fm-UD alone in the achievement of DR. Elevated initial levels of bleeding and PD predicted inferior likelihood of reaching disease resolution. The present randomized parallel arm clinical study was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov and received the following registration number: NCT05801315. This clinical trial was not registered prior to participant recruitment and randomization (https://register. CLINICALTRIALS gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S0009965&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0004FXM&ts=2&cx=fje7l8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Discepoli Nicola
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - De Rubertis Isabella
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ciocci Carolina
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Oral Surgery, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mirra Raffaele
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
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Liu CC, Dixit N, Hatz CR, Janson TM, Bastendorf K, Belibasakis GN, Cosgarea R, Karoussis IK, Mensi M, O'Neill J, Spahr A, Stavropoulos A, Schmidlin PR. Air powder waterjet technology using erythritol or glycine powders in periodontal or peri-implant prophylaxis and therapy: A consensus report of an expert meeting. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e855. [PMID: 38345462 PMCID: PMC10860664 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To attain a collective expert opinion on the use of air powder waterjet technology (APWT) with erythritol and glycine powders in the prophylaxis and therapy of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the first step, a modified one-round online Delphi survey including 44 five-point Likert scale questions was conducted among a group of 10 expert clinicians and researchers with thorough knowledge and experience in this topic. In the second step, the single questions and the survey results were discussed during a meeting, and consensus statements were formulated, respectively. RESULTS An agreement was reached on most items, especially opinions supporting glycine and erythritol powders as favorable with respect to efficiency, safety, and comfort. More scientific evidence is needed to support the improvement in clinical attachment on teeth and implants, especially when APWT with erythritol is used. In addition, APWT needs more long-term evaluation and studies in terms of microbiome/microbiological effects as well as effects on the inflammatory response on natural teeth and implants, also in light of a guided biofilm therapy concept. CONCLUSIONS In line with the expert opinions and supported by the evidence, it was concluded that the use of APWT with erythritol and glycine powders in nonsurgical periodontal and peri-implant therapy and prophylaxis is patient compliant and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ching Liu
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontology and Peri‐implant Diseases, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Neha Dixit
- Department of Clinical Affairs and Medical EducationElectro Medical Systems SANyonSwitzerland
| | - Christian R. Hatz
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontology and Peri‐implant Diseases, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tobias M. Janson
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontology and Peri‐implant Diseases, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral DiseasesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Cariology and Preventive DentistryUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ioannis K. Karoussis
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of DentistryNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Magda Mensi
- Section of Periodontics, Department of Surgical Specialities, Radiological Science and Public Health, School of DentistryUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Jessica O'Neill
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Axel Spahr
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of OdontologyUniversity of MalmöMalmöSweden
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and PeriodontologyUniversity Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Periodontology and Peri‐implant Diseases, Center of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Clementini M, Fabrizi S, Discepoli N, Minoli M, De Sanctis M. Evaluation of the adjunctive use of Er:YAG laser or erythritol powder air-polishing in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2023; 34:1267-1277. [PMID: 37655744 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the efficacy of Er:YAG laser (ERL) and erythritol powder air-polishing (AP) in addition to the submarginal instrumentation in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with at least one implant diagnosed with PM were included in the present 6-month randomized clinical trial (RCT). Implants were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups after submarginal instrumentation: AP (test 1 group), ERL (test 2 group) or no adjunctive methods (control group). The primary and secondary outcomes were, respectively, bleeding on probing (BoP) reduction and, complete disease resolution (total absence of BoP) and probing pocket depth (PPD) changes. The patient and the implant were considered the statistical unit. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 75 patients were enrolled in the study. At each time point, significant BoP and PPD reductions were observed within each group. Intergroup analysis did not show statistically significant differences. Complete disease resolution ranged between 29% and 31%. The logistic regression showed that supramucosal restoration margin, PPD < 4 mm and vestibular keratinized mucosa (KM) significantly influenced the probability to obtain treatment success. CONCLUSION The adjunctive use of AP and ERL in PM non-surgical therapy does not seem to provide any significant or clinically relevant benefit in terms of BoP and PPD reductions and complete disease resolution, over the use of submarginal instrumentation alone. Baseline PPD < 4 mm, presence of buccal KM and supramucosal restoration margin may play a role in the complete resolution of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clementini
- Department of Periodontology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Fabrizi
- Department of Periodontology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Discepoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Minoli
- Department of Periodontology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo De Sanctis
- Department of Periodontology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Stacchi C, Lamazza L, Rapani A, Troiano G, Messina M, Antonelli A, Giudice A, Lombardi T. Marginal bone changes around platform-switched conical connection implants placed 1 or 2 mm subcrestally: A multicenter crossover randomized controlled trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2023; 25:398-408. [PMID: 36725016 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study analyzes early marginal bone modifications occurring around platform-switched implants with conical connection placed 1 or 2 mm subcrestally. METHODS This crossover randomized controlled trial enrolled partially edentulous patients needing two implants in either the posterior maxilla or mandible. Each patient received two platform-switched implants with conical connection inserted 2 mm (Test) and 1 mm (Control) subcrestally. Definitive abutments were immediately connected and, after 4 months of unsubmerged healing, screwed metal-ceramic crowns were delivered. Radiographs were taken at implant placement (T0), prosthesis delivery (T1), and after 1 year of prosthetic loading (T2). RESULTS Fifty-one patients (25 males and 26 females; mean age 61.2 ± 12.1 years) totaling 102 implants were included in the final analysis. Mean peri-implant bone level (PBL) reduction from T0 to T2 was not significantly different around Test (0.49 ± 0.32 mm) and Control implants (0.46 ± 0.35 mm; p = 0.66). Multivariate linear regression models highlighted a significant positive correlation between history of periodontitis and PBL reduction. At T2, no Test group implant and 6 Control group implants exhibited PBL below the implant platform (11.8% of Control group implants). CONCLUSION No significant differences in peri-implant marginal bone changes were demonstrated after 1 year of prosthetic loading between platform-switched implants with conical connection inserted either 1 or 2 mm subcrestally. However, 2 mm subcrestal placement resulted in deeper implant positioning at T2, with no exposure of treated implant surface and potential preventive effect against subsequent peri-implant pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Stacchi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Lamazza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rapani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Amerigo Giudice
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Lombardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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