1
|
Al-Bakri SMR, Magan-Fernandez A, Galindo-Moreno P, O'Valle F, Martin-Morales N, Padial-Molina M, Mesa F. Detection and comparison of neutrophil extracellular traps in tissue samples of peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and healthy patients: A pilot study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024; 26:631-641. [PMID: 38556724 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to detect and compare the tissular expression of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in peri-implant and periodontal samples of patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational study was performed on patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls. Peri-implant and/or periodontal clinical examinations were performed on each participant. Tissue samples were collected during tooth/implant extraction for clinical reasons. Electron microscopy analysis, Picro-Sirius red staining, immunohistochemical (CD15), and immunofluorescence (citrullinated H3 and myeloperoxidase) techniques were performed to detect NET-related structures and the degree of connective tissue destruction, between the study groups. RESULTS Sixty-four patients were included in the study: 28 peri-implantitis, 26 periodontitis, and 10 controls, with a total of 51 implants, 26 periodontal teeth, and 10 control teeth. Neutrophil release of nuclear content was observed in transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a greater CD15 expression in both peri-implantitis and periodontitis compared to controls (p < 0.001), and peri-implantitis presented lower levels of connective tissue and collagen compared to both periodontitis (p = 0.044; p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence showed greater citH3 expression in peri-implantitis than the one found in both periodontitis (p = 0.003) and controls (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS A greater presence and involvement of neutrophils, as well as a greater connective tissue destruction were observed in cases of peri-implantitis. A higher expression of NET-related markers was found in mucosal samples of peri-implantitis compared to periodontitis and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Muayad Rasheed Al-Bakri
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- ibs.GRANADA - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and IBIMER, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Martin-Morales
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and IBIMER, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PhD Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Padial-Molina
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Mesa
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Emam SM, Moussa N. Signaling pathways of dental implants' osseointegration: a narrative review on two of the most relevant; NF-κB and Wnt pathways. BDJ Open 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38580623 PMCID: PMC10997788 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00211-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell signaling pathways are the biological reactions that control cell functions and fate. They also directly affect the body reactions to implanted biomaterials. It is well-known that dental implants success depends on a successful integration with the alveolar bone: "osseointegration" which events comprise early and later responses to the implanted biomaterials. The early events are mainly immune-inflammatory responses to the implant considered by its microenvironment as a foreign body. Later reactions are osteogenic aiming to regulate bone formation and remodeling. All these events are controlled by the cell signaling pathways in an incredible harmonious coordination. AIM The number of pathways having a role in osseointegration is so big to be reviewed in a single article. So the aim of this review was to study only two of the most relevant ones: the inflammatory Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) pathway regulating the early osseointegration events and the osteogenic Wnt pathway regulating later events. METHODS We conducted a literature review using key databases to provide an overview about the NF-κB and Wnt cell signaling pathways and their mutual relationship with dental implants. A simplified narrative approach was conducted to explain these cell signaling pathways, their mode of activation and how they are related to the cellular events of osseointegration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION NF-κB and Wnt cell signaling pathways are important cross-talking pathways that are affected by the implant's material and surface characteristics. The presence of the implant itself in the bone alters the intracellular events of both pathways in the adjacent implant's cellular microenvironment. Both pathways have a great role in the success or failure of osseointegration. Such knowledge can offer a new hope to treat failed implants and enhance osseointegration in difficult cases. This is consistent with advances in Omics technologies that can change the paradigm of dental implant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Mohamed Emam
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nermine Moussa
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bae I, Kim BH. Drug release control and anti-inflammatory effect of biodegradable polymer surface modified by gas phase chemical functional reaction. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025045. [PMID: 38364287 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2a38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The plasma technique has been widely used to modify the surfaces of materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the probability of controlling the prednisolone delivery velocity on a polylactic acid (PLA) surface modified by plasma surface treatment. Surface modification of PLA was performed at a low-pressure radio frequency under conditions of 100 W power, 50 mTorr chamber pressure, 100-200 sccm of flow rate, and Ar, O2, and CH4gases. The plasma surface-modified PLA was characterized using scanning emission microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements.In vitroevaluations were performed to determine cellular response, drug release behavior, and anti-inflammatory effects. The PLA surface morphology was changed to a porous structure (with a depth of approximately 100 μm) and the surface roughness was also significantly increased. The XPS results demonstrated higher oxygenized carbon contents than those in the non-treated PLA group. The prednisolone holding capacity increased and the release was relatively prolonged in the surface-modified PLA group compared to that in the non-treated PLA group. In addition, cell migration and proliferation significantly increased after PLA treatment alone. The activity of cytokines such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β), and IL-6 were considerably reduced in the plasma-treated and prednisolone holding group. Taken together, surface-modified PLA by plasma can provide an alternative approach to conventional physicochemical approaches for sustained anti-inflammatory drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inho Bae
- Convergence Research Center for Treatment of Oral Soft Tissue Disease (MRC), Chosun University, 2 Chosundae 4-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Treatment of Oral Soft Tissue Disease (MRC), Chosun University, 2 Chosundae 4-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bregagnol RB, Coltro MPDL, Villarinho EA, Triches DF, Alonso FR, Mezzomo LAM, de Macedo BB, Teixeira ER, Vigo A, Shinkai RSA. Long-term clinical performance of short 6-mm implants supporting single crowns in the posterior region: A 10-year cohort study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024; 26:158-169. [PMID: 37882144 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-term clinical success of non-splinted, posterior, and short implants still is unclear. This prospective cohort study reports the 10-year follow-up of 6-mm implants supporting single crowns in the posterior region, and patient-reported outcomes. METHODS Baseline sample comprised 20 patients treated with 46 screw-retained crowns supported by 6-mm implants with moderately rough implant surface. Participants were recalled for a 10-year clinical follow-up to assess survival rates, biologic and mechanic conditions, quality of life (OHIP-14), and treatment satisfaction. Data were collected with clinical-radiographic exams and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Fourteen patients with 35 implant-crown units were examined after 127.6 ± 11.8 months. For the entire cohort period, 7/46 implants were lost (survival estimate: 77.7% at 133 months), and mechanic complications occurred in 14/46 units (survival estimate: 66.4% at 116 months). In the Cox models, "maximum occlusal force" had a significant effect for implant loss (p = 0.038) and for prosthetic screw loosening (p = 0.038); "arch" and "bruxism" were not significant. Peri-implant bone loss was 0.4 ± 0.6 mm at 10 years. For peri-implant bone level, "crown-to-implant ratio" (p < 0.001) and "time" (p = 0.001) were significant. Bone levels differed from baseline to 12, 48, and 120 months. Satisfaction VAS was 94.0 ± 7.9 mm and OHIP-14 was 2.3 ± 2.2. CONCLUSION Single screw-retained crowns supported by 6-mm implants have an acceptable long-term clinical performance, with stable peri-implant bone levels after 10 years of function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Brambilla Bregagnol
- School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Private Practice, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego Fernandes Triches
- School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Private Practice, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rizzo Alonso
- School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Private Practice, Jaú, Brazil
| | - Luís André Mendonça Mezzomo
- School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Rolim Teixeira
- School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Vigo
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Sadami Arai Shinkai
- School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu J, Chen C, Gan S, Liao Y, Fu R, Hou C, Yang S, Zheng Z, Chen W. The Potential Value of Probiotics after Dental Implant Placement. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1845. [PMID: 37513016 PMCID: PMC10383117 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implantation is currently the optimal solution for tooth loss. However, the health and stability of dental implants have emerged as global public health concerns. Dental implant placement, healing of the surgical site, osseointegration, stability of bone tissues, and prevention of peri-implant diseases are challenges faced in achieving the long-term health and stability of implants. These have been ongoing concerns in the field of oral implantation. Probiotics, as beneficial microorganisms, play a significant role in the body by inhibiting pathogens, promoting bone tissue homeostasis, and facilitating tissue regeneration, modulating immune-inflammatory levels. This review explores the potential of probiotics in addressing post-implantation challenges. We summarize the existing research regarding the importance of probiotics in managing dental implant health and advocate for further research into their potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuaiqi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yihan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuping Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Oral Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Jinjiang Out-Patient Section, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Albrektsson T, Tengvall P, Amengual L, Coli P, Kotsakis GA, Cochran D. Osteoimmune regulation underlies oral implant osseointegration and its perturbation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1056914. [PMID: 36761175 PMCID: PMC9902598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of biomaterials, an endosseous implant is now recognized as an osteoimmunomodulatory but not bioinert biomaterial. Scientific advances in bone cell biology and in immunology have revealed a close relationship between the bone and immune systems resulting in a field of science called osteoimmunology. These discoveries have allowed for a novel interpretation of osseointegration as representing an osteoimmune reaction rather than a classic bone healing response, in which the activation state of macrophages ((M1-M2 polarization) appears to play a critical role. Through this viewpoint, the immune system is responsible for isolating the implant biomaterial foreign body by forming bone around the oral implant effectively shielding off the implant from the host bone system, i.e. osseointegration becomes a continuous and dynamic host defense reaction. At the same time, this has led to the proposal of a new model of osseointegration, the foreign body equilibrium (FBE). In addition, as an oral wound, the soft tissues are involved with all their innate immune characteristics. When implant integration is viewed as an osteoimmune reaction, this has implications for how marginal bone is regulated. For example, while bacteria are constitutive components of the soft tissue sulcus, if the inflammatory front and immune reaction is at some distance from the marginal bone, an equilibrium is established. If however, this inflammation approaches the marginal bone, an immune osteoclastic reaction occurs and marginal bone is removed. A number of clinical scenarios can be envisioned whereby the osteoimmune equilibrium is disturbed and marginal bone loss occurs, such as complications of aseptic nature and the synergistic activation of pro-inflammatory pathways (implant/wear debris, DAMPs, and PAMPs). Understanding that an implant is a foreign body and that the host reacts osteoimmunologically to shield off the implant allows for a distinction to be drawn between osteoimmunological conditions and peri-implant bone loss. This review will examine dental implant placement as an osteoimmune reaction and its implications for marginal bone loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Albrektsson
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P. Tengvall
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,*Correspondence: P. Tengvall,
| | - L. Amengual
- Dental Implantology Unit, Hospital Leonardo Guzmán, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - P. Coli
- Edinburgh Dental Specialists, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Dental Material Science, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G. A. Kotsakis
- Department of Periodontology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - D. Cochran
- Department of Periodontology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Exploring the Importance of Corticalization Occurring in Alveolar Bone Surrounding a Dental Implant. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237189. [PMID: 36498764 PMCID: PMC9738071 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several measures describing the transformation of trabecular bone to cortical bone on the basis of analysis of intraoral radiographs are known (including bone index or corticalization index, CI). At the same time, it has been noted that after functional loading of dental implants such transformations occur in the bone directly adjacent to the fixture. Intuitively, it seems that this is a process conducive to the long-term maintenance of dental implants and certainly necessary when immediate loading is applied. The authors examined the relationship of implant design features to marginal bone loss (MBL) and the intensity of corticalization over a 10-year period of functional loading. This study is a general description of the phenomenon of peri-implant bone corticalization and an attempt to interpret this phenomenon to achieve success of implant treatment in the long term. Corticalization significantly increased over the first 5-year functional loading (CI from 200 ± 146 initially to 282 ± 182, p < 0.001) and maintained a high level (CI = 261 ± 168) in the 10-year study relative to the reference bone (149 ± 178). MBL significantly increased throughout the follow-up period—5 years: 0.83 ± 1.26 mm (p < 0.001), 10 years: 1.48 ± 2.01 mm (p < 0.001). MBL and radiographic bone structure (CI) were evaluated in relation to intraosseous implant design features and prosthetic work performed. In the scope of the study, it can be concluded that the phenomenon of peri-implant jawbone corticalization seems an unfavorable condition for the future fate of bone-anchored implants, but it requires further research to fully explain the significance of this phenomenon.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lim YY, Zaidi AMA, Miskon A. Composing On-Program Triggers and On-Demand Stimuli into Biosensor Drug Carriers in Drug Delivery Systems for Programmable Arthritis Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1330. [PMID: 36355502 PMCID: PMC9698912 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication in arthritis therapies is complex because the inflammatory progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) is intertwined and influenced by one another. To address this problem, drug delivery systems (DDS) are composed of four independent exogenous triggers and four dependent endogenous stimuli that are controlled on program and induced on demand, respectively. However, the relationships between the mechanisms of endogenous stimuli and exogenous triggers with pathological alterations remain unclear, which results in a major obstacle in terms of clinical translation. Thus, the rationale for designing a guidance system for these mechanisms via their key irritant biosensors is in high demand. Many approaches have been applied, although successful clinical translations are still rare. Through this review, the status quo in historical development is highlighted in order to discuss the unsolved clinical difficulties such as infiltration, efficacy, drug clearance, and target localisation. Herein, we summarise and discuss the rational compositions of exogenous triggers and endogenous stimuli for programmable therapy. This advanced active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) implanted dose allows for several releases by remote controls for endogenous stimuli during lesion infections. This solves the multiple implantation and local toxic accumulation problems by using these flexible desired releases at the specified sites for arthritis therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yik Lim
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Prime Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi
- Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Prime Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Prime Camp, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Risk Characteristics of Peri-Implant Infections: A Retrospective Evaluation in a University Consultation Setting. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10090159. [PMID: 36135154 PMCID: PMC9497582 DOI: 10.3390/dj10090159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a common biological complication in dentistry. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively analyze risk characteristics in a group of patients referred to a university-based consultation for peri-implantitis. In all, 190 initial cases from 2010 to 2019 were evaluated and descriptively summarized. The evaluation included various parameters such as periodontitis, smoking and oral hygiene status, implant position, type of prosthetic restoration and retention, mucosal quality, and further anamnestic and clinical findings related to the potential risk of developing peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis was diagnosed in 83% of the cases, with peri-implant mucositis alone in 16% of cases; furthermore, 38% of the patients were diagnosed with active/instable periodontitis, while 14% had stable periodontitis. Residual cement was considered as a potential co-factor of peri-implant inflammation in 43% of cases. Suboptimal implant positioning was found in 19% of patients. Peri-implantitis or peri-implant mucositis was present in about one-third of patients in the absence of smoking and periodontitis factors. Of note, 6% showed no identifiable risk factors. Factors related to an increased risk of peri-implantitis should be taken into consideration when planning implant treatment. Adequate prosthetic implant position, restoration, and cleanability remain important for long-term success.
Collapse
|