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Recuero E, Caterino MS. Molecular diversity of Diplura in southern High Appalachian leaf litter. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e125162. [PMID: 38841135 PMCID: PMC11150871 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e125162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The fauna of Diplura, the two-pronged bristletails (Hexapoda), of the southern Appalachians has received little focused systematic attention. Existing literature suggests the fauna to comprise around a dozen species. Based on a broader DNA barcode-based survey of high elevation litter arthropods in the region, we suggest the fauna to be much richer, with automated species delimitation methods hypothesising as many as 35 species, most highly restricted to single or closely proximate localities. Such a result should not be very surprising for such small, flightless arthropods, although it remains to be seen if other markers or morphology support such high diversity. The region still remains sparsely sampled for these more cryptic elements of the arthropod fauna and much larger numbers of species undoubtedly remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Recuero
- Clemson University, Clemson, United States of AmericaClemson UniversityClemsonUnited States of America
| | - Michael S. Caterino
- Clemson University, Clemson, United States of AmericaClemson UniversityClemsonUnited States of America
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Cheng R, Luo A, Orr M, Ge D, Hou Z, Qu Y, Guo B, Zhang F, Sha Z, Zhao Z, Wang M, Shi X, Han H, Zhou Q, Li Y, Liu X, Shao C, Zhang A, Zhou X, Zhu C. Cryptic diversity begets challenges and opportunities in biodiversity research. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38263700 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
How many species of life are there on Earth? This is a question that we want to know but cannot yet answer. Some scholars speculate that the number of species may reach 2.2 billion when considering cryptic diversity and that each morphology-based insect species may contain an average of 3.1 cryptic species. With nearly two million described species, such high estimates of cryptic diversity would suggest that cryptic species are widespread. The development of molecular species delimitation has led to the discovery of a large number of cryptic species, and cryptic biodiversity has gradually entered our field of vision and attracted more attention. This paper introduces the concept of cryptic species, how they evolve, and methods by which they may be discovered and confirmed, and provides theoretical and methodological guidance for the study of hidden species. A workflow of how to confirm cryptic species is provided. In addition, the importance and reliability of multi-evidence-based integrated taxonomy are reaffirmed as a way to better standardize decision-making processes. Special focus on cryptic diversity and increased funding for taxonomy is needed to ensure that cryptic species in hyperdiverse groups are discoverable and described. An increased focus on cryptic species in the future will naturally arise as more difficult groups are studied, and thereby, we may finally better understand the rules governing the evolution and maintenance of cryptic biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Arong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Orr
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Entomologie, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong'e Hou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baocheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanning Li
- Institute of Oceanography, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aibing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaodong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences/International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Sha Z, Ren X. A new species of Orchomenella (Amphipoda, Tryphosidae) described from hydrothermal vent in the Okinawa Trough, Northwest Pacific. Zookeys 2023; 1184:261-271. [PMID: 38035180 PMCID: PMC10685354 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1184.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A new species of the family Tryphosidae, Orchomenellacompressasp. nov., is described from hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough. This is the first known Orchomenella species found in vent fields. Important morphological characters that differentiate O.compressasp. nov. from its congeners are the absence of eyes, the compressed distal three articles of gnathopod 2, the shape of the posterior margin of epimerons 2 and 3, and the number of dorsal spines on the telson. The genetic divergence of the analyzed COI gene clearly supports this new taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Wang
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianqiu Ren
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Ballarin F, Eguchi K. Integrative taxonomic revision of the genera Nesticella and Howaia in Japan with the description of five new species (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini). Zookeys 2023; 1174:219-272. [PMID: 37602201 PMCID: PMC10439460 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1174.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese species of the genera Nesticella Lehtinen & Saaristo, 1980 and Howaia Lehtinen & Saaristo, 1980 (Araneae, Nesticidae, Nesticellini) are revised using an integrative taxonomic approach. Their morphology, phylogenetic position within the genera, assignment to species groups, and distribution in mainland Japan and the Ryukyu islands are discussed herein. A phylogenetic and species delimitation analysis was conducted to confirm the boundaries between the putative species that were initially discriminated based on external and genital morphology. As a result of the present study, six species of Nesticella and three species of Howaia are proposed for the fauna of Japan based on the combined results of morphology and molecular analyses. Male and female of the previously known species H.mogera (Yaginuma, 1972), N.brevipes (Yaginuma, 1970), and N.okinawaensis (Yaginuma, 1979) are redescribed and illustrated using type specimens or specimens collected at the type locality. Nesticellaterrestris (Yaginuma, 1970) is resurrected as a valid species and distinguished from the closely related N.brevipes based on morphological and molecular evidence. The male of N.terrestris is described for the first time. We herein describe three new species of Nesticella and two new species of Howaia from different islands in the Ryukyu Archipelago, southwest Japan: N.insulanasp. nov. (♂, ♀) from Yonaguni-jima Island, N.occultasp. nov. (♀) from Ishigaki-jima Island, N.silvicolasp. nov. (♂, ♀) from Yakushima Island, H.albasp. nov. (♂, ♀) from Miyako-jima Island and H.subterraneasp. nov. (♀) from Okinoerabu-jima Island. Nesticellaoccultasp. nov., H.albasp. nov. and H.subterraneasp. nov. dwell exclusively in caves and show extensive morphological adaptation to subterranean life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ballarin
- Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, 192-0397, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Zoology, Museo di Storia Naturale of Verona, Lungadige Porta Vittoria, 9, I-37129 Verona, ItalyMuseo di Storia Naturale of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Katsuyuki Eguchi
- Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, 192-0397, Tokyo, JapanTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, 852-8523, Nagasaki, JapanNagasaki UniversityNagasaki CityJapan
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