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Feigin K, Shope B. Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Dentistry and Oral Surgery: Introduction and Review of the Literature. J Vet Dent 2019; 36:109-123. [DOI: 10.1177/0898756419876057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet concentrates, mostly represented by platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin, have gained significant interest in various medical and oral disciplines because of their potential to stimulate and boost regeneration of hard and soft tissues. Prepared from the patient’s own blood, they have been tested and used in various different surgical fields including oral and maxillofacial surgery. The effects of these biomaterials are described to be a result of the large concentration of platelets which contain a wide range of growth factors. The aim of this article is to introduce the principle and function of these platelet concentrates, to review their preparation, and to provide a comprehensive examination of the published oral and maxillofacial literature on this subject.
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Yin W, Qi X, Zhang Y, Sheng J, Xu Z, Tao S, Xie X, Li X, Zhang C. Advantages of pure platelet-rich plasma compared with leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma in promoting repair of bone defects. J Transl Med 2016; 14:73. [PMID: 26980293 PMCID: PMC4792107 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) may activate the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway to counter the beneficial effect of the growth factors on bone regeneration. However, to date, no relevant studies have substantiated this. Methods L-PRP and pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) were isolated. The in vitro effects of L-PRP and P-PRP on the proliferation, viability and migration of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) and EaHy926, tube formation of EaHy926, and osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs were assessed by cell counting, flow cytometry, scratch assay, tube formation assay, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and Alizarin red staining, respectively. The in vitro effects of L-PRP and P-PRP on the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxid were assessed by western blotting, RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Griess reaction, respectively. The in vivo effects of L-PRP or P-PRP preprocessed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) on the calvarial defects in rats were assessed by histological and immunofluorescence examinations. Results P-PRP, which had similar platelet and growth factors concentrations but significantly lower concentrations of leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with L-PRP, promoted the proliferation, viability and migration of HBMSCs and EaHy926, tube formation of EaHy926 and osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs in vitro, compared with L-PRP. The implantation of P-PRP preprocessed β-TCP also yielded better histological results than the implantation of L-PRP preprocessed β-TCP in vivo. Moreover, L-PRP treatment resulted in the activation of the NF-κB pathway in HBMSCs and EaHy926 in vitro while the postoperative delivery of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, enhanced the histological results of the implantation of L-PRP preprocessed β-TCP in vivo. Conclusions Leukocytes in L-PRP may activate the NF-κB pathway via the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce the inferior effects on bone regeneration of L-PRP compared with P-PRP. Hence, P-PRP may be more suitable for bone regeneration compared with L-PRP, and the combined use of P-PRP and β-TCP represents a safe, simple, and effective alternative option for autogenous bone graft in the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiagen Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengliang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetao Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Carlisle PL, Guda T, Silliman DT, Lien W, Hale RG, Brown Baer PR. Investigation of a pre-clinical mandibular bone notch defect model in miniature pigs: clinical computed tomography, micro-computed tomography, and histological evaluation. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 42:20-30. [PMID: 26904491 PMCID: PMC4761569 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2016.42.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate a critical-size mandibular bone defect model in miniature pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilateral notch defects were produced in the mandible of dentally mature miniature pigs. The right mandibular defect remained untreated while the left defect received an autograft. Bone healing was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) at 4 and 16 weeks, and by micro-CT and non-decalcified histology at 16 weeks. RESULTS In both the untreated and autograft treated groups, mineralized tissue volume was reduced significantly at 4 weeks post-surgery, but was comparable to the pre-surgery levels after 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, CT analysis indicated that significantly greater bone was regenerated in the autograft treated defect than in the untreated defect (P=0.013). Regardless of the treatment, the cortical bone was superior to the defect remodeled over 16 weeks to compensate for the notch defect. CONCLUSION The presence of considerable bone healing in both treated and untreated groups suggests that this model is inadequate as a critical-size defect. Despite healing and adaptation, the original bone geometry and quality of the pre-injured mandible was not obtained. On the other hand, this model is justified for evaluating accelerated healing and mitigating the bone remodeling response, which are both important considerations for dental implant restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Carlisle
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, The United States Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, The United States Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Fort Sam Houston, USA.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David T Silliman
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, The United States Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Wen Lien
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, The United States Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Robert G Hale
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, The United States Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Fort Sam Houston, USA
| | - Pamela R Brown Baer
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, The United States Army Dental and Trauma Research Detachment, Fort Sam Houston, USA
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Kumar A, Young C, Farina J, Witzl A, Marks ED. Novel nanocomposite biomaterial to differentiate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the osteogenic lineage for bone restoration. J Orthop Translat 2015; 3:105-113. [PMID: 30035047 PMCID: PMC5982386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective As the bone engineering field moves away from nonviable implants to more biocompatible and natural structures, nanomedicine has emerged as a superior tool for developing implantable materials. Methods Here, we describe the fabrication and testing of a nanocomposite structure composed of chitosan and a biocompatible thermoplastic (PMMA). Results Our nanocomposite material displayed morphologically similar characteristics to an extracted murine femur during microscopic and spectroscopic analysis as seen through SEM and FTIR. Crosslinking our nanocomposite enhanced structural and strength characteristics significantly above the noncrosslinked sample, mimicking the strength of an extracted mammalian bone. When cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the composite material proved to be osteoinductive and osteogenic via DAPI and actin staining, differentiating BMSCs into the osteogenic lineage and promoting mineral deposition. Nodule formation, indicative of mineralization during BMSC differentiation, was confirmed spectroscopically via FTIR and autofluorescence of the nodule. Conclusion These encouraging results show promise for in vivo implantation of our novel scaffold that is both biocompatible and biomimetic in strength and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Chelsea Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Juliana Farina
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ashley Witzl
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Edward D Marks
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Hou T, Li Z, Luo F, Xie Z, Wu X, Xing J, Dong S, Xu J. A composite demineralized bone matrix--self assembling peptide scaffold for enhancing cell and growth factor activity in bone marrow. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5689-99. [PMID: 24755526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The need for suitable bone grafts is high; however, there are limitations to all current graft sources, such as limited availability, the invasive harvest procedure, insufficient osteoinductive properties, poor biocompatibility, ethical problems, and degradation properties. The lack of osteoinductive properties is a common problem. As an allogenic bone graft, demineralized bone matrix (DBM) can overcome issues such as limited sources and comorbidities caused by invasive harvest; however, DBM is not sufficiently osteoinductive. Bone marrow has been known to magnify osteoinductive components for bone reconstruction because it contains osteogenic cells and factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow are the gold standard for cell seeding in tissue-engineered biomaterials for bone repair, and these cells have demonstrated beneficial effects. However, the associated high cost and the complicated procedures limit the use of tissue-engineered bone constructs. To easily enrich more osteogenic cells and factors to DBM by selective cell retention technology, DBM is modified by a nanoscale self-assembling peptide (SAP) to form a composite DBM/SAP scaffold. By decreasing the pore size and increasing the charge interaction, DBM/SAP scaffolds possess a much higher enriching yield for osteogenic cells and factors compared with DBM alone scaffolds. At the same time, SAP can build a cellular microenvironment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation that promotes bone reconstruction. As a result, a suitable bone graft fabricated by DBM/SAP scaffolds and bone marrow represents a new strategy and product for bone transplantation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyong Hou
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Commanding Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Luo
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhao Xie
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehui Wu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Junchao Xing
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- National & Regional United Engineering Lab of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Regenetive and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.
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